肾错构瘤自发性破裂出血的外科诊治(附5例报告)

目的:探讨肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊断和治疗方法。方法:回顾性分析2003年7月～2007年3月收治的5例肾错构瘤破裂出血患者的临床资料,4例急诊行手术治疗,1例行保守治疗后1周行手术治疗。手术方式均选择患肾切除术。结果:5例术后恢复良好,术后病理检查报告为肾错构瘤,无恶变。结论:B超和CT检查对诊断肾错构瘤破裂出血有帮助。肾错构瘤的治疗应全面考虑,手术仍为主要的治疗方法。     

Treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus

A series of 10 patients with spontaneous rupture of the esophagus is analysed. Early primary closure of the tear and good drainage of the mediastinum and pleural cavity give the best results in such cases. Correct diagnosis is difficult and is often missed in the acute phase. The time lapse between the rupture and diagnosis nevertheless seems to be the most important single factor in the outlook for treatment of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus.     

食管自发性破裂3例临床分析

目的总结自发性食管破裂的临床表现、诊断及处理方法。方法对3例自发性食管破裂的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全部误诊或延误诊断,2例患者手术治疗治愈,1例患者保守治疗死亡。结论自发性食管破裂误诊率高,控制感染、营养支持是关键,手术治疗是降低病人病死率的重要方法。     

影响肝癌自发破裂的危险因素及预后研究

目的 分析影响肝癌自发破裂的危险因素,寻找合适的肝癌自发破裂的治疗方法。方法 从本院2008年7月至2012年7月确诊的肝癌患者中,选取145例自发破裂的肝癌患者和145例未破裂的肝癌患者进行相关因素比较,并采用单因素分析和多因素回归分析方法分析引发肝癌自发破裂的危险因素。结果 多因素回归分析显示,高血压、突出肝表面、肝硬化、肝外侵犯及肿瘤大于5 cm是肝癌自发破裂的预测因素。结论 对于伴有高血压、肝硬化、突出肝表面、肝外侵犯及肿瘤直径大于5 cm的患者,应密切注意肝癌自发破裂的风险,根据患者体征选择合适的治疗方法。     

Six cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation from the renal pelvis

The diagnosis and management of 6 patients with spontaneous non-traumatic urinary extravasation are reported. It is important to distinguish extravasation of the fornical backflow type from that owing to frank rupture of the diseased renal pelvis. In Japan, 26 cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation and 29 cases of spontaneous pelvic rupture have been reported. Most of them were caused by calculous ureteral obstruction. Many of the cases of spontaneous peripelvic extravasation could be managed conservatively, and many of the cases of spontaneous pelvic rupture often required surgical treatment due to the patient's clinical condition, the persistence of obstruction or extravasation, or the presence of complication of extravasation such as urinoma or abscess. All of our 6 cases were managed conservatively and had no complications.     

肾错构瘤破裂出血的急诊处理

目的探讨肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊治。方法回顾性分析15例肾错构瘤破裂出血的处理。结果15例患者术前均行B超和CT检查,术前确诊11例(73.3%)。均行手术治疗,其中行患肾切除术5例,行肾部分切除术3例,行肿瘤切除术7例。15例患者均恢复良好。结论B超和CT检查为肾错构瘤破裂出血术前确诊主要依据,治疗上以手术为主,应在保证手术安全的前提下行保肾手术。     

Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm

Spontaneous rupture of the diaphragm is rare. A case is presented in which spontaneous rupture of the left hemidiaphragm occurred as a result of physical exercise 4 months before admission to hospital. The patient, a 42-year-old woman, underwent transabdominal repair with uncomplicated postoperative course. The clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of spontaneous diaphragmatic rupture are reviewed against the background of this case and the total of 12 cases in the available literature. All but one of the ruptures were left-sided. The importance of keeping this condition in mind in differential diagnosis is underlined by the fatal outcome in 2 of the known 13 cases.     

肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤自发破裂2例报告

目的探讨肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤自发破裂的临床特点。方法分析2例肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤自发破裂病例。结果B超、CT检查均提示肾上腺区肿瘤并破裂、肾周血肿。保守治疗后择期手术切除肿瘤，清除血肿。结论肾上腺嗜铬细胞瘤可能会发生自发破裂而出血，B超、CT检查有助于诊断。治疗常需手术切除肿瘤、清除血肿。     

自发性脾破裂18例报告

目的总结自发性脾破裂的诊治经验。方法对1987年7月～2004年12月收治的18例自发性脾破裂患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果全组18例中,充血性脾肿大4例(3例肝炎后肝硬化,1例血吸虫性肝硬化),原发性脾恶性淋巴瘤2例,结肠癌及胰尾癌浸润脾脏各1例,慢性粒细胞性白血病1例,脾海绵状血管瘤1例,脾脏囊肿2例,不明原因脾肿大4例,正常脾脏2例。急诊脾切除术14例,其中联合胰尾癌切除1例,联合结肠癌切除、结肠造瘘术1例。非手术治疗4例,其中1例因发热持续不退,1例因脾周血肿增大、疼痛加重而中转脾切除术;脾包膜下出血2例经非手术治愈。本组治愈16例,死亡2例。结论病理性脾脏是自发性脾破裂的主要原因。脾切除术是治疗自发性脾破裂的主要手段。     

Recurrent spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder: a case report

The patient was a 67-year-old woman who had undergone radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiotherapy for cervical cancer at the age of 46 years. Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder occurred twice in 1997, and conservative treatment was performed on each occasion. She was admitted to our hospital for the third time of spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder. She underwent bilateral cutaneous ureterostomy because of panperitonitis and paralytic ileus. A review of 11 cases of recurrent rupture of the urinary bladder reported in Japan including the present case revealed that, patients who had been conservatively treated tended to be subject to recurrence. However, the risk of recurrence remains when a partial cystectomy is performed. Therefore, especially in recurrent cases, augmentation cystoplasty or urinary diversion should be considered as the treatment for spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder due to radiation cystitis.     

肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血的急诊处理(附24例报告)

目的 探讨肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血的急诊处理.方法 对24例肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血患者的临床资料及随访结果进行回顾性分析.术前均行B超和CT检查,22例诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤自发破裂出血,2例未能排除肾癌出血.3例保守治疗,4例行选择性肾动脉栓塞术,17例急诊手术.结果 3例保守治疗患者中1例病情稳定,2例改行手术治疗.4例行肾动脉栓塞术患者栓塞成功,出血停止.4例行肾切除术,13例行保留肾单位手术,其中5例行后腹腔镜手术.术后病理诊断为肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤并出血.随访3个月～6年,肿瘤无复发或转移.结论 B超和CT是诊断肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤出血的重要手段.治疗可以选择保守治疗、肾动脉栓塞或者急诊手术.     

自发性食管破裂的外科治疗

目的探讨自发性食管破裂的临床特点及外科治疗。方法回顾性分析我院自2000-2006年间收治的自发性食管破裂患者5例,分析其临床表现及外科治疗方法。结果5例患者中4例得到早期手术而痊愈,1例晚期手术患者术后并发症脓胸及急性肾功能衰竭而死亡。结论提高对自发性食管破裂的认识,早期手术主是治疗成功的关键。     

肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊治(附10例报告)

目的：探讨肾错构瘤破裂出血的诊断和治疗方法。方法：回顾性分析了１９９０￣１９９９年诊治的１０例肾错构瘤破裂出血患者的临床资料,９例行手术治疗,１例行保守治疗。结果：９例术后恢复良好,１例保守治疗者病情稳定。结论：Ｂ超和ＣＴ检查对诊断紧错构瘤破裂出血有帮助;对肾错构瘤的治疗应全面考虑,手术仍为主要的治疗方法。     

Spontaneous rupture of the right external iliac vein

Spontaneous rupture of an iliac vein is a very rare condition, with 34 reported cases in the previously published data and only two cases involving the right side. We report the third case of spontaneous rupture of the right external iliac vein. A 62-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of lower abdominal pain and an inability to move the right lower extremity shortly after stretching her right leg backward. A contrast computed tomography demonstrated a massive pelvic retroperitoneal hematoma and a thrombus extending from the inferior vena cava to the right iliac veins. An inferior vena cave filter was inserted using interventional radiology, followed by an exploratory laparotomy. A 1.5-cm laceration in the right external iliac vein was uncovered and repaired. The etiology, clinical features, and treatment of spontaneous iliac vein rupture are discussed.     

肾错构瘤破裂出血的急诊处理

目的：探讨肾错构瘤(RAML)破裂出血的诊治方法。方法：回顾性分析11例RAML破裂出血的急诊处理过程。结果：11例患者均经病理明确诊断，4例行患肾切除术，2例行肾部分切除术，5例行肿瘤切除术。11例患者均恢复良好。结论：B超和CT检查为术前确诊主要依据；对RAML破裂出血应采取积极的治疗态度；手术治疗仍为主要治疗方法。     

Micropapillary carcinoma of the bladder presented with spontaneous intraperitoneal bladder rupture

Spontaneous bladder perforation is a rare presenting feature of bladder malignancy. We describe an unusual case of a patient, admitted to emergency, with diffuse abdominal pain due to spontaneous bladder rupture in association with a micropapillary carcinoma. A diagnosis of an intraperitoneal bladder perforation was made during an emergency operation. Aspects of etiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis and management are described. Although cases of spontaneous carcinomatous bladder rupture are associated with high morbidity and mortality, prompt identification and treatment can lead to favourable outcomes.     

自发性手指伸肌腱断裂的修复重建

目的探讨不同部位手指伸肌腱自发断裂的治疗方案及其疗效。方法29例患者总结如下：伸肌腱Ⅰ区22例、中环小指伸肌腱Ⅵ区3例、拇长伸肌腱4例，修复重建后配合功能锻炼。结果Ⅰ区原位直接缝合修复，优良率100％；食指固有伸肌腱移位拇长伸肌腱，优良率85％；桡侧腕短伸肌腱修复中环小指伸肌腱Ⅵ区，优良率75％。结论伸肌腱自发断裂常伴有炎症侵蚀或骨折端磨损的病理基础，在伸肌腱Ⅰ区时首选原位直接缝合修复，无条件修复时可行远指间关节融合术；对于中环小指伸肌腱Ⅵ区及拇长伸肌腱断裂行相邻协同肌肌腱转位修复，疗效确切。     

Recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture cured by conservative therapy: a case report

The patient was a 44-year-old woman, who had undergone radical hysterectomy and postoperative radiation therapy for cervical cancer at the age of 34 years old. In 1998, she was admitted to our hospital with chief complaints of acute abdominal pain and high fever. We made a diagnosis of spontaneous bladder rupture associated with neurogenic bladder dysfunction and radiation cystitis, based on findings of cystoscopy and cystography. She was cured by conservative therapy, including catheter drainage and antibacterial chemotherapy. Thereafter, she was managed with intermittent self-catheterization. In 2000, spontaneous bladder rupture recurred, but conservative therapy was effective again. A review of 12 cases of recurrent spontaneous bladder rupture in Japan, including the present case, suggests that proper management of urination for neurogenic bladder dysfunction may be necessary for prevention of recurrent rupture, when the impaired bladder is left after either successful conservative or surgical treatment of bladder rupture. Urinary diversion and augmentation cystoplasty should be considered for repeated rupture of the bladder.     

Spontaneous bilateral rupture of the extensor mechanism of the knee in two patients on chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Two cases of patients on Chronic Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) who suffered bilateral, spontaneous rupture of the extensor mechanism of the knee are presented. In neither case was the diagnosis readily apparent. Both patients did well with standard surgical treatment. A review of the literature and consideration of the mechanism of tendon rupture is presented.     

自发性肾破裂

目的提高自发性肾破裂的诊治效果。方法对１９例自发性肾破裂进行回顾性分析。结果Ｂ超检查１９例，ＣＴ检查１３例。肾包膜下积血３例，对症治疗痊愈。肾周及肾旁出血１６例，其中肾癌４例，肾错构瘤７例，肾结石１例，肾炎及传染性疾病致肾脏肿大破裂４例。结论Ｂ超、ＣＴ是最有价值的检查手段，根据病因确定治疗方案，急性期不能明确病因及凝血机制障碍者可定期随访观察。