老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的经皮椎体后凸成形术

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的手术技术及适应证等相关问题。方法用椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折20例,采用经皮穿刺双侧椎弓根入路,单枚球囊依次撑开压缩的椎体,每个椎体充填骨水泥平均5·2ml。结果20例患者腰背部疼痛在术后24h缓解并下床活动,椎体高度基本恢复,后凸畸形平均矫正18°。随访6~18个月,患者均恢复伤前生活状况,无脊髓神经损伤、骨水泥漏、肺栓塞等并发症。结论椎体后凸成形术能达到缓解疼痛、恢复椎体高度的目的,是治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的有效方法。但必须熟练掌握椎体后凸成形术的经皮穿刺技术、骨水泥灌注技术及掌握手术适应证,才能保证这一技术的安全性和有效性。     

PKP治疗骨质疏松性多节段椎体压缩性骨折的临床应用研究

目的 探讨经皮椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性多节段椎体压缩性骨折的疗效和安全性.方法 采用Skv膨胀式椎体成形器或球囊扩张对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折65例238椎(其中Sky组20例,球囊组45例)行经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗.在X线片上测量术前、术后的椎体前缘、中线、后缘的高度及术后后凸畸形纠正范围.术前的临床所见及随访结果 均采用Oswestry功能障碍指数和疼痛视觉模糊评分进行评定.结果 65例术后24 h内疼痛症状明显缓解或消失.后凸畸形纠正范围11～26°,平均17°.随访9～46个月,平均24.8个月,患者诉明显疼痛,X线片示椎体高度未见明显丢失,未出现严重并发症.术后3个月及最后随访时Oswestry功能障碍指数和VAS评分均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05).Sky组与球囊组疗效比较无显著性差异(P<0.05).结论 Sky膨胀式椎体成形器及球囊扩张PKP治疗多发性骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折,均能迅速缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,但球囊对于一次治疗多椎体病变更为经济、适用.     

单侧经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗有“真空裂隙征”的骨质疏松椎体骨折

目的探讨单侧经皮椎体后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗有＂真空裂隙征＂的骨质疏松椎体骨折的临床疗效。方法 2007年1月～2009年5月,过伸位下单侧PKP治疗有＂真空裂隙征＂的骨质疏松椎体骨折32例。术前行站立侧位、过伸过曲位X线片,CT,MRI,明确伤椎有开合征、真空裂隙征和流质聚集征象,记录术前、术后、末次随访时疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS评分）,Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）,椎体前缘高度,后凸角。结果本组均顺利完成手术。术后随访2～26个月,平均7.6月,其中8例〉12个月。椎体前缘高度术前（10.63±1.40）mm,术后（21.62±3.75）mm,最终随访（20.98±3.01）mm。Cobb角（中立位）术前29.65°±2.48°,术后13.68°±1.72°,最终随访12.91°±1.92°。术前VAS评分（8.38±0.58）分,术后24 h（2.39±0.70）分,最终随访（2.47±0.69）分。Oswestry功能评分术前（39.59±4.12）分,术后（22.01±3.51）分,最终随访（21.65±4.61）分。各观察指标手术前后差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,术后与最终随访差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论单侧PKP治疗有＂真空裂隙征＂的骨质疏松椎体骨折,可以有效缓解疼痛,恢复椎体高度,临床疗效满意。     

Treatment of Painful Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures with Percutaneous Vertebroplasty or Kyphoplasty

Vertebral fracture is the most common complication of osteoporosis. It results in significant mortality and morbidity, including prolonged and intractable pain in a minority of patients. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty, procedures that involve percutaneous injection of bone cement into a collapsed vertebra, have recently been introduced for treatment of osteoporotic patients who have prolonged pain (several weeks or longer) following vertebral fracture. To determine the details of the procedures and to gather information on their safety and efficacy, we performed a MEDLINE search using the terms “vertebroplasty” and “kyphoplasty.” We reviewed reports of these procedures in patients with osteoporosis. We supplemented the articles found with other papers known to the authors and with presentations at national meetings. Randomized trials of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty have not been reported. Case reports suggest that these procedures are associated with pain relief in 67% to 100% of cases. Short-term complications, mainly the result of extravasation of cement, include increased pain and damage from heat or pressure to the spinal cord or nerve roots. Proper patient selection and good technique should minimize complications, but rarely, decompressive surgery is needed. Long-term benefits have not yet been shown, but potentially include prevention of recurrent pain at the treated level(s) with both procedures, and, with kyphoplasty, reversal of height loss and spinal deformity, an improved level of function, and avoidance of chronic pain and restriction of internal organs. Possible long-term complications, again not fully evaluated, include local acceleration of bone resorption caused by the treatment itself or by foreign-body reaction at the cement–bone interface, and increased risk of fracture in treated or adjacent vertebrae through changes in mechanical forces. Controlled trials are needed to determine both short-term and long-term safety and efficacy of vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty. Both procedures may be useful for osteoporotic patients who have prolonged pain following acute vertebral fracture. Until there is conclusive evidence for efficacy and long-term safety, these procedures should be done only in carefully selected patients, only by experienced operators with appropriate high-quality imaging equipment, and ideally at centers that are participating in controlled trials. Received: 26 January 2001 / Accepted: 21 February 2001     

Minimally Invasive Vertebral Augmentation Techniques in Osteoporotic Fractures

Abstract Minimally invasive vertebral augmentation techniques fill the gap between conservative treatment and open surgical fusion in the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Both vertebroplasty (VP) and kyphoplasty (KP) have proven to be effective in the reinforcement of a fractured vertebral body and provide pain relief, but both procedures have technical differences. Furthermore, patient selection criteria are still under debate, as no randomized comparison trials of VP and KP exist. A competitive environment has arisen between both methods. In the authors’ opinion, VP and KP do not replace, but complement each other and offer both potential benefits. It is the purpose of this article to outline the different kinds of application of both methods.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病合并骨质疏松椎体骨折的临床研究

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)合并骨质疏松椎体骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析126例COPD合并骨质疏松椎体骨折病人的临床资料,常规治疗的78例纳入常规治疗组,行经皮椎体成形术治疗的48例纳入椎体成形组.比较分析两组病...     

MRI对于骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的诊断价值(新鲜骨折与陈旧性骨折的鉴别)

为探讨MRI对骨质疏松性新鲜与陈旧椎体骨折的鉴别诊断意义,对17例老年人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折于初诊及伤后3、6、12个月行胸腰椎MRI检查,记录其信号改变。并对其腰背痛程度进行评价。结果显示17例骨折椎体急性期均表现为T_1加权像低信号、T_2加权像高信号,伤后逐渐恢复正常。伤后不同时间MRI检查结果相差十分显著(P<0.01)。其腰背痛症状也逐渐减轻,伤后不同时间相差十分显著(P<0.01)。认为MRI可鉴别骨质疏松性新鲜与陈旧骨折,当骨质疏松患者同时存在多个椎体变形时则更具诊断价值。     

经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗90岁以上老人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨经皮穿刺椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗90岁以上老人骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF）的临床疗效。方法 2006年7月～2012年1月,对连续住院的90岁以上老人胸腰椎OVCF 65例行PVP治疗,共计71个椎体,详细记录术前及术后疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）、止痛药使用评分、活动能力评分、新发骨折情况等。结果 53例获得完整随访,12例因并发心脑血管疾病、肺部感染等内科疾病死亡或失访。术后2小时、5天、1个月、半年及1年的疼痛VAS分别为中位数3.00（1～5）、2.00（0～4）、1.00（O～3）、1.00（0～3）及1.00（0～3）,与术前VAS评分[8.00（5～10）]比较,差异均有显著性（P〈0.05）。止痛药使用评分术后2小时[1.00（0～2）]较术前[1.00（0～4）]显著改善（P〈0.05）,末次随访时均为0,与术后比较差异显著（P〈0.05）。活动能力评分术后5天[2.00（1～3）]较术前[4.00（2～4）]明显改善（P〈0.05）,末次随访时为[2.00（1～3）],活动能力进一步改善。截至末次随访时,lO例新发OVCF,新发骨折率为18.9％（10／53）,其中邻近节段骨折7例,发生率13.2％（7／53）。结论 对于90岁以上老人的OVCF,PVP能显著缓解疼痛,明显改善活动能力,减少对止痛药物依赖,是有效可靠的治疗手段。     

过伸复位结合经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体骨折

目的探讨过伸复位结合经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果及注意事项。方法对25例骨质疏松性椎体骨折患者（共43个椎体）,在C型臂X线机透视下行过伸复位结合经皮经椎弓根球囊扩张注入骨水泥椎体后凸成形术。对术前、术后1d和术后6个月的椎体高度、Cobb′s角和疼痛评分等进行评估。结果术后23例胸背部疼痛消失,2例疼痛明显减轻,未出现神经系统损伤及肺栓塞等并发症。术后随访6～12个月,平均9.2个月,所有患者腰背痛症状均无复发,X线片示24例椎体高度未丢失,1例有邻近椎体再骨折发生。椎体高度、Cobb′s角较术前有显著改善。结论过伸复位结合经皮椎体后凸成形术具有微创、安全、临床疗效良好的优点,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折理想方法之一。临床应用时,应注意严格掌握适应证、适当扩张球囊、灌注骨水泥等技术要点,以避免严重并发症的发生。     

骨填充网袋椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的比较

目的探讨骨填充网袋椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折(osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture,OVBF)的疗效差异。方法回顾性分析我科2015年1月~2017年12月58例OVBF,骨填充网袋椎体成形术组22例,PKP组36例。比较2组手术时间、骨水泥灌注量、骨水泥渗漏率、疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Score,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角。结果骨填充网袋椎体成形术组手术时间和骨水泥注入量与PKP组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。骨填充网袋椎体成形术组骨水泥渗漏2例(9.1%),明显少于PKP组骨水泥渗漏14例(38.9%)(χ^2=4.670,P=0.031),均无神经脊髓症。58例术后随访12~36个月,平均24.4月。2组间VAS评分、ODI比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),组间和时间无交互作用(P>0.05)。2组患者术后1 d、末次随访VAS评分、ODI均明显小于术前(P均=0.000),且末次随访时较术后1 d进一步降低(P均=0.000)。2组间伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角差异无显著性(P>0.05),组间和时间无交互作用(P>0.05)。2组患者术后1 d、末次随访时伤椎前缘高度显著高于术前(P均=0.000),末次随访时较术后1 d无明显丢失(P=0.144)。2组患者术后1 d及末次随访时伤椎后凸Cobb角明显小于术前(P均=0.000),末次随访时较术后1 d无明显变化(P=0.288)。骨填充网袋椎体成形术组1例手术椎体再骨折,2例非手术椎体骨折,PKP组4例非手术椎骨折,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论骨填充网袋椎体成形术和PKP治疗OVBF均可缓解患者的临床症状,部分恢复伤椎高度,矫正伤体后凸畸形,但骨填充网袋椎体成形术能有效降低骨水泥渗漏。     

椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性多种类型椎体骨折

目的 探讨椎体成形术在治疗骨质疏松性多种类型椎体骨折的疗效.方法 采用椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折133例.按椎体骨折形态改变将骨折分为5种类型(Ⅰ型:无变形型18例,Ⅱ型:单纯压缩型31例,Ⅲ型:非后缘崩裂型49例,Ⅳ型:后缘崩裂形22例,Ⅴ型:椎管占位型13例).结果 穿刺注射技术成功率100%,术后48 h腰痛明显减轻可预期下床活动128例,症状改善但仍不能下床行走者5例.无因骨水泥椎体外渗漏造成神经受压症状的患者.随访6个月～30个月(平均10个月),症状完全缓解(CR)124例,部分缓解(PR)9例,CR率93.23%,PR率6.77%,有效率100%(有效率=CR率+PR率).结论 经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性多种类型的胸腰椎骨折是一种有效的方法.     

经皮及开放式椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折

目的　总结经皮及开放式椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效 ,探讨其适应证的选择。方法　采用经皮或开放式椎体成形术加内固定方法治疗老年性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折。经皮椎体成形术 (PVP)病例选择标准 :单个或二个椎体骨折 ,病程 3个月以内 ,无脊髓或神经压迫症状 ,CT示椎体后缘完整。开放式椎体成形术 (OVP)病例选择标准 :①陈旧性单个或多个椎体骨折并脊柱侧弯或后凸畸形 ;②合并脊髓或神经压迫症状或脊柱不稳。PVP者经一侧椎弓根注入骨水泥 3～ 7ml,OVP加内固定者经后路切开VP后再植入椎弓根钉系统。结果　 2 7例PVP及OVP加内固定者术后疼痛均明显缓解 ,平均 1 8周后疼痛完全缓解 ,VAS评分 (疼痛视觉模拟评分法 )平均由术前的 (9 3± 1 4 )分下降到术后 (1 6± 1 2 )分 ,Cobb角术后改善 8°～ 16°。经平均 1年 9个月随访 ,无断钉、拔钉、Cobb角加大等情况发生 ,未发现明显的VP并发症。结论　PVP治疗老年性骨质疏松性脊柱骨折具有微创、止痛效果好、可早期下地等独特的优越性 ,但临床应用具有局限性。对陈旧性骨折、有脊髓或神经压迫症状、脊柱不稳者采用OVP加内固定治疗 ,可取得良好的疗效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折骨水泥渗漏的危险因素分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,OVCF）中骨水泥渗漏的危险因素。方法 回顾性分析2020年10月至2022年6月于我院行PVP手术治疗的160例（167个椎体）OVCF病人的临床资料,其中男39例,女121例,年龄为（72.8±7.9）岁（58~93岁）。根据术后是否发生骨水泥渗漏分为渗漏组（42例,42个椎体）和无渗漏组（118例,125个椎体）,采用单因素分析两组性别、年龄、身体质量指数（body mass index,BMI）、骨密度、骨折部位、伤椎皮质缺损情况、椎内裂隙征、椎基静脉孔、伤椎体积、椎体压缩率、骨水泥注入量、骨水泥注入量/伤椎体积比、骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比之间的差异,将与骨水泥渗漏有关的因素纳入Logistic回归分析,明确PVP术后骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素。绘制ROC曲线,根据曲线下面积（area under curve,AUC）来评估模型的诊断价值。结果 单因素分析结果显示,皮质缺损、椎内裂隙征、椎基静脉孔、骨水泥注入量及骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比与术后骨水泥渗漏有关（P＜0.05）,多因素Logistic回归分析显示椎内裂隙征［OR=5.215,95% CI（2.006,13.159）,P＜0.001］、椎基静脉孔［OR=3.357,95% CI（1.205,9.356）,P=0.021］、骨水泥注入量［OR=2.519,95% CI（1.148,4.477）,P=0.002］及骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比［OR=12.305,95% CI（1.875,80.756）,P=0.009］为PVP术后骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素。ROC曲线图显示骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比预测骨水泥渗漏的受试者工作特征AUC为0.641,且P＜0.01,具有一定的预测价值。骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比预测骨水泥渗漏的Cut-off值为61.82%,敏感度为69.00%,特异性为38.4%。结论 椎内裂隙征、椎基静脉孔、骨水泥注入量和骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比为术中骨水泥渗漏的独立危险因素,治疗时应保持骨水泥注入量/伤椎丢失体积比在61.82%以下,以降低发生骨水泥渗漏的风险。     

球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗病理性椎体压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗病理性椎体压缩骨折的短中期疗效.方法 回顾分析2002年10月～2007年12月收治的53例病理性椎体压缩骨折,将患者按随访时间长短分为两组,A组4～24个月,B组24～56个月,将所调查的数据经统计学处理,比较组间疗效、影像学变化特点,分析影响手术疗效的相关因素.结果 临床疗效总优...     

Reduced Pulmonary Function in Patients with Spinal Osteoporotic Fractures

Vertebral deformation in spinal osteoporosis results in spinal and thoracic deformation, causing pain, disability and an overall decrease in quality of life. We sought to determine whether thoracic spinal deformation may lead to impaired pulmonary function. We studied expiratory relaxed vital capacity (VC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) in 34 patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures and 51 patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) due to reasons other than osteoporosis. Measurements of pulmonary function tests were calculated as a percentage of the normal range adjusting for age, sex, and height using the equations for normal values of the EKGS (Europ?ische Gesellschaft für Kohle und Stahl). Severity of osteoporosis was determined by calculation of the spine deformity index (SDI-total and SDI-anterior) on lateral radiographs of the spine and clinical measures of body stature (height reduction, distance from lowest ribs to iliac crest and distance from the occiput to the wall). Patients with osteoporosis had a lower vital capacity (%VC of the reference value) than patients with CLBP. The differences were more prominent (p<0.05) when the previous body height, at age 25 years, was used as reference for calculation of VC (mean ± SD: 93.6%± 15.3% in patients with osteoporosis v 105.6%± 15.1% in patients with CLBP). FEV1 was significantly (p<0.05) lower in patients with osteoporosis when previous body height was considered, in comparison with patients with CLBP (mean ± SD: 85.0%± 14.2% in patients with osteoporosis v 92.4%± 13.6% in patients with CLBP). In patients with osteoporosis VC (standardized on previous body height) was significantly negatively correlated with SDI-anterior (r=–0.4, p<0.03). Furthermore, VC standardized on previous body height showed a weak but significant negative correlation with some clinical measures of osteoporosis (height reduction vs %VC: r=–0.34, p<0.05; distance from the lowest ribs to iliac crest vs %VC: r= 0.35, p<0.04). In conclusion, we found that pulmonary function is significantly diminished in patients with spinal osteoporotic fractures as compared with CLBP patients without evidence of manifest osteoporosis. Reduction of pulmonary function is correlated significantly with clinical and radiological measures of severity of spinal deformation due to osteoporotic fractures. Received: 17 March 1997 / Accepted: 21 October 1997     

椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性老年骨质疏松脊柱骨折

目的 探讨应用球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术(Kyphoplasty)治疗多发性老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折的疗效和安全性。方法 治疗8例17椎多发性老年骨质疏松性脊柱骨折,患者均不伴神经损伤,术前X线及MRI检查证实多发性脊柱骨折,手术在C型臂X线机透视下进行,经皮穿刺,置入可扩张球囊于伤椎塌陷终板前下方,扩张球囊提升终板以恢复椎体高度,在持续X线监视下注入骨水泥强化椎体,同法完成各伤椎的操作。结果 8例17椎均顺利完成手术,术后无脊髓神经根受损表现,48h内疼痛均缓解。X线片复查示伤椎高度基本恢复,后凸畸形大部矫正,未发现并发症。结论 球囊扩张椎体后凸成形术治疗多发性老年骨质疏松脊柱骨折安全有效。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术（percutaneous vertebrop lasty,PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法 24例骨质疏松性压缩骨折患者共29个椎体,均行PVP术,在C臂监视下应用骨穿针经皮穿刺到病变椎体,将骨水泥注入其内。结果 24例手术均获得成功,无严重并发症发生,术后24 h内局部疼痛显著减轻或消失22例,有效率91.7%。随访8～12个月,所有患者无疼痛加重或复发,X线片显示椎体高度无进一步丢失。结论 PVP能增加椎体强度,有效缓解疼痛,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的一种安全、微创、有效的方法。     

骨质疏松性椎体骨折部位与疼痛部位关系的研究

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体骨折部位与疼痛部位之间的一致性关系.方法 分析128例骨质疏松性椎体骨折(T8～L4)的临床和X线资料.记录外伤史、骨折部位,采用疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)评估初诊时疼痛程度,Kuorinka法标注疼痛部位,Kappa系数检验骨折部位与疼痛部位的一致性.结果 各组在性别、年龄、外伤史方面差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).胸椎骨折VAS评分较腰椎骨折高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001).58例胸椎骨折仅15例主诉上背痛,骨折部位与疼痛部位之间一致性较差(Kappa值=0.031,P=0.290);47例中45例腰椎骨折主诉下背部痛,骨折部位与疼痛部位之间一致性较好(Kappa值=0.770,P＜0.001).结论 骨质疏松性椎体骨折疼痛部位与骨折部位不一致性较高,对疑似骨质疏松性骨折的老年腰背部疼痛患者,应行包括胸、腰椎的X线检查,以免误诊或漏诊.     

老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的外科治疗

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的外科治疗方法以及疗效。方法对132例老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折,男35例,女97例,年龄56～78岁,平均66岁,采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗113例,采用切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统内固定术治疗19例。结果术后122例腰背部疼痛基本消失,椎体成形组术后6～8h可以离床活动,切开复位内固定组术后2d可以离床活动。术后摄X线确认压缩性骨折椎体基本复位,后凸畸形平均矫正15°(10～30°)。术后随访6～36个月,腰背部疼痛无复发,经皮穿刺椎体成形伤椎高度无丢失。切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统内固定伤椎高度部分丢失。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术作为治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折有手术微创、操作简便、效果明确等优点;切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统在恢复椎体高度方面有优势,但创伤较大,远期椎体高度丢失较大。