叶酸通过调节p53/p21(waf1/cip1)信号途径促进小鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化

目的:研究叶酸对体外培养小鼠神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖和分化的影响及作用机制。方法:采用无血清悬浮培养方法分离培养新生小鼠脑NSCs,通过MTT法检测叶酸对NSCs增殖的影响;撤除生长因子后,用含10%胎牛血清的培养基诱导分化培养6 d后,采用Tuj1(神经元标记物)和GFAP(胶质细胞标记物)免疫荧光双标记法检测叶酸对NSCs分化的影响;并应用流式细胞术、RT-PCR法检测给予叶酸对NSCs细胞周期、p53和p21(waf1/cip1)mRNA水平的影响。结果:与对照组相比,MTT法测定结果显示,叶酸组NSCs增殖能力明显增强;分化后免疫荧光双标法测定显示,叶酸组Tuj1阳性细胞的比率明显增加,且差异具有显著性(P<0.01);流式细胞仪测定结果显示,叶酸组NSCs在G0/G1期细胞数量明显减少(P<0.01),而G2/M期细胞数量明显增多(P<0.01);RT-PCR结果显示,叶酸组NSCs中p53和p21 mRNA表达量明显降低。结论:叶酸能促进NSCs增殖及向神经元分化;叶酸对NSCs增殖和分化的影响与调节NSCs细胞周期及p53/p21(waf1/cip1)信号转导途径相关。     

干预脑脂质结合蛋白表达对神经干细胞分化作用的影响

目的 探讨脑脂结合蛋白（BLBP）在大鼠海马神经干细胞（NSCs）向神经元分化中的作用。方法 构建BLBP过表达腺病毒和干扰慢病毒载体,并从大鼠胚胎海马组织中分离培养神经干细胞,采用Nestin免疫荧光鉴定NSCs;将体外培养的NSCs分为4组：腺病毒阴性对照组（Ad-NC组）,BLBP过表达腺病毒组（Ad-BLBP组）,慢病毒阴性对照组（LV-NC-RNAi组）和BLBP干扰慢病毒感染组(LV-BLBP-RNAi组)。Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测各组细胞中BLBP表达;病毒感染4 d后免疫荧光检测分化细胞中βⅢ微管蛋白（Tuj1）阳性神经元数量。结果 Ad-BLBP组较Ad-NC组NSCs分化为神经元的数量少,突起短而少;LV-BLBP-RNAi组较LV-NC-RNAi组NSCs分化为神经元的数量明显增多,突起多而长。结论 下调BLBP的表达能够促进体外培养的NSCs向神经元分化。     

褪黑素促进体外缺氧的神经干细胞增殖及定向分化

目的:观察褪黑素对体外缺氧诱导的小鼠神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖和分化的影响。方法:取孕12.5 d胚胎小鼠大脑皮质分离培养NSCs,建立缺氧模型。利用免疫荧光染色,检测分析褪黑素对缺氧诱导后不同时间点的NSCs增殖和分化的影响。结果:缺氧后NSCs的增殖能力明显下降,而褪黑素可显著改善这一现象,促进缺氧后NSCs的增殖。缺氧后NSCs向神经元的分化明显受阻,褪黑素处理组的神经元的分化率明显高于对照组,其中作用高峰期是分化的第七天。结论:体外缺氧的NSCs增殖和分化均明显受到抑制,而褪黑素的干预可明显改善干细胞的增殖,促进NSCs向神经元的分化,但对星形胶质细胞的分化没有显著影响。     

骨髓基质细胞促进神经干细胞增殖分化

目的：探讨骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）对神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖分化的影响。 方法:在体外比较NSCs在单独培养和在BMSCs条件培养液中培养下的分化和增殖情况。 结果:应用BMSCs条件培养液培养NSCs，分化的神经元比例较显著高于NSCs单独培养（41.1%±3.2% vs 23.3%±16.5%，P<0.05），而分化的星形胶质细胞所占比例显著降低（33.8%±4.9% vs 65.0%±10.4%，P<0.01），同时增殖细胞所占比例也显著增高（74.7％±4.7％ vs 51.4％±12.3％，P<0.01）。 结论:BMSCs对NSCs有促进其增殖和向神经元分化的作用。NSCs与BMSCs联合移植可能会增强NSCs移植的抗脑损伤作用。     

胎鼠脊髓神经干细胞与颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞联合培养的研究

目的研究颌下腺颗粒曲管细胞(GCT细胞)对脊髓神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖分化的影响。方法取胎鼠脊髓NSCs原代和传代培养,取成年雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞原代和传代培养,实验分为3组:NSCs和GCT细胞联合培养组;雌、雄大鼠GCT细胞培养上清液与NSCs培养液混合后培养NSCs;NSCs培养液组为对照组;免疫荧光细胞化学方法进行细胞鉴定,MTT法对比各组NSCs增殖活力。结果NSCs与GCT细胞联合培养7 d后Nestin阳性神经球数多于单独培养,雄性大鼠GCT细胞混合培养液组NSCs增殖活力最强,对照组NSC最弱,雌性混合培养液组介于两者之间。鉴定细胞球Nestin阳性,各组均有少量贴壁分化细胞。结论大鼠GCT细胞分泌物促进NSCs增殖,抑制分化,雄性大鼠GCT细胞作用比雌性大鼠显著。     

米非司酮对大鼠胚胎神经干细胞存活、增殖及分化的影响

 目的 观察米非司酮处理后大鼠胚胎神经干细胞（NSCs）增殖、凋亡和分化变化,分析其对神经发育的可能影响。方法 以不同浓度米非司酮处理体外培养的NSCs,通过活细胞计数、流式细胞仪检测细胞周期及线粒体膜电位、免疫细胞化学染色等方法检测NSCs存活、增殖、凋亡及分化情况。结果 10-5 mol/L米非司酮处理后NSCs存活和增殖明显下降（P＜0.05）,10-6 和10-8 mol/L对细胞无明显影响,而10-7 mol/L处理第4天后细胞增殖明显,但其对NSCs线粒体膜电位及增殖指数影响不大;处理后NSCs仍保持多向分化能力,神经元和胶质细胞分化比例与对照组相比无差异。结论 大剂量米非司酮抑制NSCs增殖,小剂量则促进细胞增殖、不影响NSCs命运决定。     

回旋引导受体1在丙戊酸钠诱导神经干细胞分化过程中的表达和作用

目的 探讨丙戊酸钠(VPA)诱导神经干细胞(NSCs)向神经元分化过程中回旋引导受体1(Robo1)的表达及作用。方法 分离培养SD大鼠海马NSCs,正常NSCs和应用VPA处理NSCs各提取自10只SD大鼠。应用VPA处理后，免疫荧光技术检测NSCs向神经元标志物β-微管蛋白Ⅲ(Tuj1)阳性神经元分化的比例；利用基因芯片技术检测正常NSCs和VPA处理后NSCs中差异表达mRNA并进行生物信息学分析；通过Real-time PCR、Western blotting检测VPA诱导NSCs分化过程中Robo1 mRNA和蛋白的表达情况；Real-time PCR检测诱导分化后NSCs中Robo1 mRNA的动态变化；应用小干扰RNA下调NSCs中Robo1,Western blotting检测Robo1蛋白的表达情况，Real-time PCR和免疫荧光技术检测NSCs中神经元特异性标志物Tuj1和微管相关蛋白2(MAP-2)表达情况。结果 应用VPA处理NSCs可促进其向神经元分化；VPA处理组与对照组相比，Robo1 mRNA和蛋白的表达显著上调；NSCs诱导分化过程中Robo1表...     

鼠巨细胞病毒影响神经干细胞分化及分化基因的表达

目的： 研究鼠巨细胞病毒（MCMV）感染对体外培养神经干细胞（NSCs）分化及分化基因表达的影响,探讨CMV先天感染致脑发育异常的机制。方法: 体外分离培养和鉴定BALB/c胎鼠NSCs,检测细胞分化潜能,用感染复数（MOI）为5、1和0.1 MCMV smith毒株感染NSCs并进行分化培养,倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学改变,流式细胞术检测分化细胞比率,免疫荧光法观察NSCs及其分化细胞标记物nestin、GFAP和NSE表达的变化,采用MCMV 早期抗原（EA）示踪感染过程（MOI=1）,实时定量RT-PCR检测分化早期NSCs Wnt信号途径关键分化基因Neurog2、Myc及Ccnd1 mRNA水平的动态变化。结果: 体外培养的NSCs呈球样生长,神经干细胞特异性标记nestin表达阳性,并可进一步分化为NF-200阳性的神经元和GFAP阳性的星形胶质细胞;分化培养后,感染组NSCs不能贴壁分化生长并逐渐出现肿胀,细胞nestin表达下调缓慢并显著高于正常对照组,GFAP和NSE表达显著低于正常对照组（P<0.05）,可检测到MCMV EA（早期抗原）的阳性表达;分化培养3-9 d,感染组nestin阳性细胞比率显著高于正常对照组,GFAP和NSE阳性细胞比率显著低于正常对照组（P<0.05）;感染组Neurog2 mRNA水平在分化培养后第1 d明显低于正常对照组（P<0.05),感染组Myc mRNA表达水平在第1-4 d显著低于正常组（P<0.05),感染组Ccnd1 mRNA水平在第0.5-1 d明显低于正常组;感染组和正常组的差异随病毒MOI的增加而更明显。结论: (1)MCMV感染可明显抑制NSCs向神经元和星形胶质细胞方向分化,导致分化细胞比率减少;(2)MCMV可下调或干扰NSCs Wnt信号途径分化基因Neurog2、Myc和Ccnd1的表达;(3)MCMV抑制NSCs分化及其分化基因表达的效应与MOI大小存在一定量效依赖关系;(4)MCMV可能通过抑制NSCs分化基因的表达来抑制其分化,这可能是CMV感染致脑发育异常的重要机制之一。     

骨髓基质细胞促进人胚神经干细胞向神经元的分化

目的:探讨骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)对人胚神经干细胞(NSCs)分化的影响。方法:采用机械法分离人胚NSCs,成球法进行传代培养,采用免疫荧光染色检测神经上皮干细胞蛋白(Nestin)的表达鉴定NSCs。按培养方式不同,分为NSCs自然分化组、BMSCs和NSCs直接接触共培养组及Transwell共培养组,采用免疫细胞荧光法及免疫印迹法检测各组神经元和星形胶质细胞标志物的表达。结果:在直接接触共培养组和transwell共培养组中,免疫荧光染色显示神经元标志物NSE阳性细胞率明显高于自然分化组,而星形胶质细胞标志物GFAP阳性细胞率低于自然分化组。免疫印迹检测显示Transwell共培养组中NSE表达量显著高于自然分化组,而GFAP表达量低于自然分化组。结论:BMSCs具有促进NSCs向神经元分化的作用。     

己烯雌酚对体外培养胎鼠中脑NSCs增殖分化的影响

为观察己烯雌酚对体外培养的胎鼠中脑神经干细胞(NSCs)增殖分化的影响,将孕14d的SD大鼠胎鼠中脑取出,制成单细胞悬液行悬浮培养,5d后行NSCs鉴定、传代及诱导分化实验。实验分空白对照组和己烯雌酚组(浓度分别为10-9、10-8、10-7mol/L)。在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞的存活及生长状况,免疫荧光化学方法行NSCs鉴定及诱导分化后神经元特异烯醇化酶(NSE)及神经胶质酸性蛋白(GFAP)表达情况的检测。结果显示:己烯雌酚浓度在10-8mol/L时中脑NSCs增殖、分化明显,并能提高神经元的分化率。由此说明己烯雌酚对中脑NSCs的增殖分化具有促进作用,并能促进其向神经元分化。     

Effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on mouse neural stem cell differentiation In vitro北大核心

BACKGROUND: Application of neural stem cells (NSCs) is of great current interest in neuroscience, but NSCs origin is very limited. And they always differentiate into a large percentage of glial cells and small percentage of neurons in natural differentiation process, so researchers should take effective measures to promote NSCs differentiation into certain offsprings. Previous studies have shown that ginseng saponin ingredients, such as Rb1 and Rg1, have certain influence on NSCs differentiation, but it is unclear whether Rg3 plays a role on NSCs differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rg3 on mouse NSCs differentiation into neurons and astrocytes in vitro. METHODS: The fetal cortices of embryonic 14 days (E14) C57BL/6 mice were isolated for culturing primary NSCs. Then passaged NSCs were identified by their purity with NSCs specific antibodies, Nestin and Sox2, by immunofluorescence staining. NSCs were induced for 3 days in the differentiation medium containing ginsenoside Rg3 of different concentrations (blank control, 50 and 250 nmol/L). After that, immunofluorescence staining was used to identify differentiated neurons with neuronal specific antibody, Tuj1, and differentiated astrocytes with astrocyte specific antibody, GFAP. Then, we calculated and statistically analyzed Tuj1+/DAPI and GFAP+/DAPI percentages in the three different groups. Besides, real-time PCR assay was used to test Tuj1 and GFAP mRNA expression in the three groups after 3 days of differentiation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Primary and passaged NSCs were successfully cultured and almost of cells were positive for both Nestin and Sox2, so these high-purity NSCs could be used in the following experiments. Immunofluorescence staining and statistical analysis results showed that compared with the blank control and 250 nmol/L groups, 50 nmol/L group had an obviously increased neuronal percentage after 3 days differentiation (P < 0.01), while the blank control and 250 nmol/L groups had no significant difference (P > 0.05); compared with the blank control group, 50 and 250 nmol/L groups had significantly increased astrocyte percentages (P < 0.05), whereas there was no obvious difference between 50 and 250 nmol/L groups (P > 0.05). The results of real-time PCR assay were similar with the above immunofluorescence results. In conclusion, 50 nmol/L ginsenoside Rg3 can enhance mouse NSCs differentiation into neurons and astrocytes, while 250 nmol/L ginsenoside Rg3 can only promote mouse NSCs differentiation into astrocytes. © 2018, Journal of Clinical Rehabilitative Tissue Engineering Research. All rights reserved.     

新生大鼠海马神经干细胞的分离培养及分化研究

研究新生大鼠海马区脑组织中神经干细胞体外培养方法,为治疗神经系统疾病寻找合适的细胞来源。取新生SD大鼠的海马区脑组织,采用accutase结合机械分离法获取神经干细胞,在含有B－27、碱性成纤维生长因子和表皮生长因子的DMEM／F12无血清培养液中培养;Accutase酶消化后传代培养,取第3代细胞行抗巢蛋白免疫荧光染色鉴定并以含10％胎牛血清培养液诱导分化,神经元特异烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白免疫荧光染色检测NSCs向神经元及胶质细胞分化的能力。分离的新生大鼠海马区脑组织中细胞,在无血清培养液中形成大量的神经球,部分神经球出现融合及贴壁分化现象,细胞呈典型NSCs 形态。经巢蛋白染色鉴定,大部分为阳性细胞。神经细胞球经含有胎牛血清培养液培养后,可分化为神经元特异烯醇化酶和胶质纤维酸性蛋白表达阳性的细胞。从新生大鼠海马组织分离培养的NSCs具有自我更新和增殖能力,在含胎牛血清培养液中具有向神经元和神经胶质细胞分化的潜能。     

脑络欣通和左归丸药物血清体外培养神经干细胞的增殖与分化

BACKGROUND:Because of limited source and a relatively weak ability of differentiation and proliferation, how to take positive and effective measures to promote neural stem cell proliferation, differentiation has become the focus of research. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of drug-contained sera of Naoluo Xintong versus Zuogui pill on the proliferation and differentiation of in vitro cultured rat neural stem cells. METHODS:Embryonic neural stem cells of Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and cultured in vitro, and then were co-cultured with the serum medium containing 10% Naoluo Xintong and 10% Zuogui pill, respectively. Comparative observations were performed between two groups by inverted microscope and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Under the inverted microscope, the cells began to grow in cluster and gather into a ball, but the diameter was relatively small after 24-hour culture; the neurospheres expended further, with relatively regular shape, but no neurosphere differentiation appeared after 48 hours of culture. The average prominent length of the neurospheres in the Zuogui pill group was significantly greater than that in the Naoluo Xintong group after 5 days of culture (P < 0.05). The rate of rat neural stem cells differentiating into MAP-2-positive cells in the Zuogui pill group was significantly lower than that in the Naoluo Xintong group (P < 0.05), but the rate of differentiated cells positive for glial fibrillary acidic protein in the Zuogui pill group was significantly higher than that in the Naoluo Xintong group (P < 0.05). After 48 hours of culture, neurospheres were cultured in the different drug-contained media, and 12 hours later, the neurospheres adhered to the wall, and a small amount of cell migration occurred. Then, cell migration began to increase with time. Under the immunofluorescence staining: prominent neurons with long protrusions were increased in both two groups, but there were no significant differences in the proportion of neurons and astrocytes between two groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that drug-contained sera of Naoluo Xintong and Zuogui pill can both not only promote the proliferation and differentiation of in vitro cultured rat neural stem cells, but also provide a suitable microenvironment for neural cell proliferation. Additionally, there are significant differences between the two drugs. Consequently, it is feasible to induce neural cell proliferation and differentiation by Naoluo Xintong and Zuogui pill.     

无血清培养新生Wistar大鼠神经干细胞及免疫荧光鉴定

目的在无血清条件下,分离培养新生1d的Wistar大鼠神经干细胞,观察其生长及分化情况,并对其生物学特性进行鉴定。方法取新生1d的大鼠海马组织,机械分离法分离神经干细胞,加入含有表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维生长因子、B27的DMEM/F12无血清培养基中培养、增殖。倒置显微镜下观察神经干细胞的增殖分化情况,采用免疫荧光染色鉴定其生物特性。结果从新生大鼠海马组织分离培养的神经干细胞在无血清培养基中不断增殖,免疫荧光染色显示巢蛋白呈阳性表达。诱导分化后,免疫荧光染色可见高分子量神经丝蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白和髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达细胞。结论无血清条件分离培养的神经干细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力,能分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。     

脑源性神经营养因子体外诱导神经干细胞向神经元分化

目的观察脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)对新生SD大鼠海马神经干细胞在体外分化为神经元的作用。方法取新生SD大鼠海马组织,以无血清培养技术培养获得神经干细胞,在BDNF诱导下让其在体外分化,7d后,通过免疫荧光技术结合图像分析技术来观察分化所得神经丝(neurofilament,NF)抗原阳性神经元的比率及其最长突起的长度。结果BDNF组分化所得细胞NF阳性率为13.66%,神经元突起长度为(146.27±26.30)μm,对照组分化所得细胞NF阳性率为9.38%,神经元突起长度为(117.00±23.98)μm,两组结果有显著性差异。结论BDNF能提高新生SD大鼠海马神经干细胞体外定向分化为神经元的比率,并且能刺激新生神经元突起的生长。     

Ndrg2对培养大鼠神经干细胞增殖和分化的影响

目的:检测Ndrg2在培养大鼠神经干细胞(NSCs)中的表达情况,探索改变Ndrg2表达对NSCs增殖和分化的影响。方法:用免疫细胞化学染色和Western Blot法检测Ndrg2在培养NSCs中的表达;利用AAV-Ndrg2过表达病毒及LV-Ndrg2-RNAi干扰病毒感染大鼠NSCs后,通过BrdU掺入实验观察干预Ndrg2表达后NSCs增殖的变化,利用神经元标记物Tuj1和星型胶质细胞标记物GFAP的免疫细胞化学染色分析NSCs的分化情况。结果:Ndrg2高表达于大鼠NSCs中;与对照组(感染病毒空载体)相比,上调Ndrg2表达可显著增加BrdU~+和Tuj1~+细胞数(P0.05),但GFAP~+细胞数目无明显变化(P0.05);相反,下调Ndrg2表达可减少BrdU~+细胞数(P0.05),但不影响Tuj1~+和GFAP~+细胞数(P0.05)。结论:Ndrg2表达于大鼠NSCs,它可正性调控NSCs的增殖并促进NSCs向神经元分化。     

髓鞘结合糖蛋白抑制神经干细胞向神经元分化和轴突生长

目的： 观察来源于胚胎大鼠海马神经细胞的特征;观察髓鞘结合糖蛋白(MAG)对神经干细胞的增殖、分化及神经元轴突生长的影响。方法: 从胚胎鼠的海马提取细胞进行体外培养,应用免疫荧光染色法检测神经干细胞(NSCs)标志蛋白nestin和doublecortin的表达。应用BrdU掺入法检测不同剂量的MAG-Fc对NSCs增殖的影响。免疫荧光染色法观察各种亚型神经细胞的比例并比较神经元样细胞的轴突长度。结果: 来自SD大鼠16 d 胚胎海马的细胞明显表现出神经干细胞的特征。神经干细胞分化7 d 后,对照组新生成的β-tubulin Ⅲ阳性细胞的比例为18.17%±2.79%,其轴突长度为(136.27±33.66)μm。MAG-Fc (200 μg/L)处理后,β-tubulin Ⅲ阳性细胞比例和轴突长度分别显著减少为10.05%±3.42% (P<0.01)和(84.87±24.94)μm(P<0.01)。增殖实验表明,不同浓度的MAG-Fc对神经干细胞的BrdU整合比率无明显影响(P>0.05)。结论: MAG-Fc对神经干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化及其轴突的生长均有抑制作用,但对神经干细胞的增殖无明显影响。     

不同鼠龄生后大鼠海马神经干细胞的传代和分化

目的研究不同鼠龄大鼠海马神经干细胞(NSCs)的传代增殖和分化情况。方法将生后SD大鼠分为3d、10d、20d 3组,应用胰酶消化法将海马组织制成单细胞悬液,用含碱性成纤维生长因子(bFGF)、表皮生长因子(EGF)、B27的无血清细胞培养技术进行体外培养,单克隆培养后通过Nestin、NSE、GFAP免疫细胞化学染色鉴定神经干细胞、神经元、星形胶质细胞;细胞传3代后,在各组培养基中加入终浓度为10%的血清诱导分化,1周后进行NSE免疫细胞化学染色,计数阳性细胞比例,进行统计学分析。结果3组SD大鼠海马组织细胞,单克隆培养后表达Nestin,诱导分化后分别表达NSE和GFAP。生后3d大鼠神经干细胞在传1-6代时每代均快于生后10d和20d大鼠,传6代后,3组细胞传代时间间隔几近一致;生后3d组大鼠海马神经干细胞分化为神经元的比例较其它2组高(P<0.05)。结论生后3d大鼠神经干细胞增殖速度和分化为神经元的数量都高于10d和20d大鼠。     

缺氧对体外培养的鼠胚皮质神经干细胞增殖、分化及凋亡的影响

探讨缺氧对体外培养的鼠胚大脑皮质神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)增殖、分化及凋亡的影响,为NSCs移植治疗缺血缺氧性脑损伤病变提供实验依据。本研究对孕14d(E14)大鼠取鼠胚脑皮质悬浮培养、贴壁诱导分化。取悬浮培养的第三代NSCs分为实验组(10%O2、5%O2)和正常对照组(20%O2),实验组又以缺氧干预的时间不同分为24、72、120h3个组。通过MTT法和BrdU标记法检测缺氧对NSCs增殖的影响,采用caspase-3检测细胞凋亡情况。缺氧培养后再用10%胎牛血清培养基进行诱导分化,用MAP2免疫荧光染色检测缺氧对NSCs向神经元方向分化的影响。结果显示:(1)10%O272h组和5%O272h组均可诱导NSCs增殖,尤以前者最为明显;(2)10%O2120h组和5%O2120h组均可致NSCs凋亡;(3)5%O2组尤以72h组可诱导NSCs向神经元方向分化。本研究结果提示缺氧可影响NSCs的增殖、分化和存活,适度缺氧可诱导离体培养的大鼠脑皮质NSCs增殖,并可向神经元方向分化,而缺氧时间延长可致NSCs凋亡。