Closed reduction and internal fixation versus total hip arthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fracture

Objective： To compare the clinical effects between closed reduction and internal fixation （CRIF） and total hip arthroplasty （THA） for displaced femoral neck fracture. Methods： In this prospective randomized study, 285 patients aged above 65 years with hip fractures （Garden III or IV） were included from January 2001 to December 2005. The cases were randomly allocated to either the CRIF group or THA group. Patients with pathological fractures （bone tumors or metabolic bone disease）, preoperative avascular necrosis of the femoral head, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, hemiplegia, long-term bed rest and complications affecting hip functions were excluded. Results： During the had significantly higher 5-year follow-up, CRIF group rates of complication in hipjoint, general complication and reoperation than THA group （38.3% vs. 12.7%, P〈0.01; 45.3% vs. 21.7%, P〈0.01; 33.6% vs. 10.2%, P〈0.05 respectively）. There was no difference in mortality between the two groups. Postoperative function of the hip joint in THA group recovered favorably with higher Harris scores. Conclusion： For displaced fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients, THA can achieve a lower rate of complication and reoperation, as well as better postoperative recovery of hip joint function compared with CRIF.     

中年人移位型股骨颈骨折内固定与关节置换的疗效比较

目的：分析比较年龄55～65岁中年人股骨颈移位型骨折内固定与关节置换的临床疗效。方法 ：2016年9月至2020年8月收治GardenⅢ型或Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折患者86例,根据手术方式的不同将其分为两组。其中38例采用平行拉力螺钉内固定治疗（内固定组）,男26例,女12例,年龄55～64(60.2±3.1)岁;48例进行全髋关节置换术（关节置换组）,男28例,女20例,年龄57～65(61.3±3.8)岁。受伤至手术时间1～3 d。比较两组患者的再手术率,深部感染发生率,髋关节功能Harris评分,疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,患者主观报告功能评分采用欧洲五维健康量表（European five-dimensional Health Questionnaire,EQ-5D）。结果：所有患者获得随访,时间24～54(35.8±10.3)个月。平行拉力螺钉内固定组术后再手术率高于较全髋关节置换术组（P<0.05）。两组患者深部感染发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者术后12个月时髋关节Harris评分及VAS比较,差异均无统...     

Delayed fixation of displaced femoral neck fractures in younger adults

We report the results of 52 patients aged 20-55 years with displaced femoral neck fractures, in whom delayed closed reduction and internal fixation was performed. Seven patients developed avascular necrosis (AVN) and non-union was seen in five patients. Whereas most patients with non-union were subjected to repeat procedures, none of the patients with AVN required surgery. The follow-up averaged 40 months (range 22-64 months). Three patients were lost to follow-up. Functional outcome was defined by Judet's system. Good to excellent functional outcome was achieved in 45 cases. The study demonstrated that delayed closed reduction and internal fixation of displaced fractures in young adults which, we believe, is the prevalent form of treatment of these injuries in the developing world results in high rate of fracture union and good functional outcome. The rate of AVN, however, may be a concern if the patients are followed for a longer period.     

Arthroplasty versus internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in the elderly

We studied 140 patients with femoral neck fractures treated from January 1999 to December 2006. There were 68 men and 72 women with a mean age of 72 years (range 60–80 years). Seventy patients were treated with closed reduction and internal fixation (group A), and 70 patients with hip arthroplasty (group B). The duration of surgery, length of hospitalization, complications, postoperative Harris hip score, and need for reoperation were recorded. Group B had significantly higher blood loss, increased surgical time and length of hospitalization compared to group A patients. The Harris hip score was significantly higher in group B at the 3, 6, and 12-month follow-up evaluations; however, the differences were no longer significant at the 24-month evaluation. The overall complications rate was 18.6% (13 patients) in group A compared to 25.7% (18 patients) in group B; this was not statistically significant (P = 0.309). A statistically significant difference was found regarding reoperation rate in group A (11.4%, eight patients) compared to group B (1.4%, one patient) (P = 0.016). Arthroplasty compared to internal fixation for displaced femoral neck fractures is associated with a significantly higher functional score and lower risk of reoperation at the cost of greater infection rates, blood loss, and operative time.     

血运重建加内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的研究血运重建方法对股骨颈骨折的治疗作用.方法1991年1月至2000年1月,对36例股骨颈骨折手术内固定同时采取血管束植入,带血管蒂、肌蒂骨膜(骨)瓣移位或移植,并对部分植入血管或移植骨瓣血管进行对接吻合连通血液循环.结果36例1～9年随访,其中35例在2～5个月骨折愈合,单纯血管束植入术中,1例年长者发生骨不愈合,2例出现股骨头缺血性坏死.结论股骨颈骨折手术治疗中,为防止骨不愈合及股骨头缺血性坏死,可常规进行血运重建手术.在骨折端进行植入血管的对接吻合连接血运是一个提高疗效的重要方法.     

髋臼骨折--开放复位内固定与全髋关节置换的比较

病例组研究的结果说明:选择开放复位内固定或全髋关节置换对结果影响不大,但并发症如异位骨化等前者比后者的发生率高。研究人群的不同,尤其是年龄因素,可以单独影响结果。全髋置换的研究人群年龄大于开放复位内固定者,这使得关于更佳方法的结论不具有可行性。还需要随机对照试验提供更具有说服力的证据。     

关节置换术与内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的系统评价

目的 系统评价关节置换术和内固定术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效. 方法 计算机检索Medline(1966年1月至2009年9月),荷兰医学文摘(1966年1月至2009年9月),Cochrane图书馆(2008年第1期)、中国生物医学文献数据库(截止2009年9月),中国学术期刊网(截止2009年9月),手工检索相关参考文献及中文期刊,收集所有关节置换术与内固定术比较治疗老年人(>60岁)移位型股骨颈骨折的随机对照试验(RCT),筛选出符合纳入标准的文献,对其进行严格的质量评价后应用RevMan4.2.8软件进行Meta分析. 结果 共纳入18个RCT,包含2561例患者.Meta分析结果显示,关节置换术术后2年再手术率(RR=0.13,95%CI 0.09～0.17)、5年再手术率(RR=0.11,95%CI 0.06～0.22)及术后2年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.20,95% CI 0.15～0.27)、5年主要并发症发生率(RR=0.18,95% CI 0.1 1～0.30)均低于内固定术.但二者术后1个月和2年病死率差异均无统计学意义(RR=1.42,95%CI 0.89～2.24;RR=1.01,95%CI 0.86～1.18).结论 与内固定术相比,关节置换术治疗老年人移位型股骨颈骨折可明显降低术后主要并发症的发生率及再次手术率,但两种术式的术后2年病死率无明显差异.     

股骨近端骨折内固定术后慢性感染的二期全髋关节置换

 目的 探讨二期全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗成人股骨近端骨折内固定术后慢性感染的近期临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2006年9月至2011年6月采用二期THA手术治疗的成人股骨近端骨折内固定术后慢性感染9例患者的临床资料,男8例,女1例;年龄31~74岁,平均52.6岁。股骨颈骨折3例,股骨转子间骨折6例。术前行关节腔穿刺液及术中取关节周围组织送细菌培养及药敏试验。一期手术取出内固定,清除感染病灶,植入抗生素骨水泥临时假体。术后静脉滴注及口服抗生素。停用抗生素后复查红细胞沉降率、C反应蛋白,间隔1个月连续两次正常后,行二期手术取出抗生素骨水泥临时假体,植入非骨水泥全髋关节假体。结果 2例细菌培养阳性,其中1例为表皮葡萄球菌、1例为金黄色葡萄球菌,其余7例细菌培养阴性。一期术后静脉应用抗生素6~8周,平均6.4周;口服抗生素6~9周,平均6.7周。一期与二期手术间隔6~14个月,平均9个月。9例患者均获得随访,随访时间6~50个月,平均23.2个月。随访期间无一例发生感染复发或新发假体周围感染,假体松动、脱位及假体周围骨溶解。Harris髋关节评分由术前平均74.6分(64~86分)提高至末次随访时平均90.9分(86~97分)。结论 二期THA手术治疗股骨近端内固定术后慢性感染,可以重建关节功能,术后近期无感染复发。     

A cetabular fractures

AMEDLINE searchwas conducted to identify studies published between January 1999 and November 2003 on OR IF and THA for tream ent of ace tabu lar fractu res. The search strategy identified 37 articles on OR1F and 56 articles on THA. From those identified, …     

股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术后股骨近端形态变化

目的:观察全髋关节置换(THA)治疗股骨颈骨折及股骨头坏死术后股骨近端形态改变,分析是否存在差异及其表现形式.方法:2014年1月至12月同一手术组连续股骨颈骨折和股骨头坏死行THA治疗的病例进行对比分析,其中股骨颈骨折患者22例,男11例,女11例,年龄44~83岁,平均(66.18±11.47)岁;股骨头坏死患者23例,男12例,女11例,年龄19~68岁,平均(51.91±11.76)岁.测量THA术后股骨高度,Offset,截骨位置和调整方式,进行统计分析.结果:全部患者获得测量,行THA治疗后,股骨颈骨折病例较股骨头坏死病例有更低的股骨高度,更小的Offset,更低的截骨位置,并发现了3种低位截骨后的调整方式.结论:股骨颈骨折行THA手术,有产生低截骨、较小Offset的可能,因低位截骨而进行的调整可能会对近远期疗效产生不良影响.     

Closed reduction, internal fixation with quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone grafting in displaced femoral neck fracture

Background:

Management of femoral neck fracture is still considered as an unsolved problem. It is more evident in displaced fractures where this fracture is considered as some sort of vascular insult to the head of the femur. We have used closed reduction, internal fixation and quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone grafting in fresh displaced femoral neck fractures.

Materials and Methods:

From April 1996 to December 2004 we operated 73 consecutive patients of displaced femoral neck fracture in the age group of 24 to 81 years, mean age being 54.6 years. The patients were operated within one week of injury, the mean delay being 3.6 days. Closed reduction internal fixation along with quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone grafting was done in all cases. They were followed up for an average period of 5.6 years (range 2-11 years).

Results:

Results were assessed according to modified Harris Hip Scoring system and found to be excellent in 53, good in 12, fair in six and poor in two patients. Bony union occurred in 68 cases, no patient developed avascular necrosis (AVN) till date.

Conclusion:

For fresh displaced femoral neck fracture in physiologically active patients closed reduction, internal fixation and quadratus femoris muscle pedicle bone grafting is a suitable option to secure union and prevent development of AVN.     

Effect of integrity of the posterior cortex in displaced femoral neck fractures on outcome after surgical fixation in young adults

Aim

To assess whether disruption of the posterior cortex of intracapsular femoral fractures leads to an increased incidence of complications following closed reduction and internal fixation by multiple cannulated screws in young adults.

Methods

A total of 146 consecutive adult patients with 146 femoral neck fractures were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation with parallel cannulated screw in inverted triangle or diamond configurations. All enrolled patients were divided into three groups: those with a non-displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types I or II), those with a displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types III or IV) but no posterior cortex disruption and those with a displaced femoral neck fracture (Garden types III or IV) and a disrupted posterior cortex.

Results

Based on an average follow-up of 4.76 years (range, 2-6 years), displaced femoral neck fractures with a disrupted posterior cortex demonstrated an increased risk for avascular necrosis of the femoral head, shortening, redisplacement and conversion of prosthetic replacement as compared with those fractures without posterior cortex disruption (p = 0.002, 0.016, 0.001 and <0.0001, respectively).

Conclusions

As compared with a femoral neck fracture with an intact posterior cortex, a displaced femoral neck fracture with a disrupted posterior cortex increases the risk for avascular necrosis, redisplacement and shortening and raises the likelihood that prosthetic replacement will be needed. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of this prognostic factor.     

生物型全髋置换治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节炎的中期疗效

目的:分析生物型全髋关节置换(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节的中期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月至2017年1月治疗的22例转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后继发创伤性关节炎患者,其中男10例,女12例;年龄61~84(72.5±9.8)岁。初次内固定方式:Gamma钉固定14例,PFNA固定8例。内固定术后至THA时间10~68(32.2±21.3)个月。比较术前及术后髋关节Harris评分,通过术后3、6、12个月及末次随访影像学评估假体位置。结果:1例在术后1年死于心衰,2例术后2年死于晚期肿瘤,其余19例患者获得随访,时间36~64(48.5±11.9)个月。末次随访时14例可自由行走,4例需单手杖辅助,1例需助步器辅助。随访期间无关节脱位、假体周围骨折及深静脉血栓形成等严重并发症发生。髋关节Harris评分由术前的(29.2±12.9)分提高到末次随访的(74.2±11.2)分(P<0.05);其中优9例,良7例,可3例。结论:生物型全髋关节置换术治疗股骨转子间骨折髓内钉固定术后创伤性关节炎,可明显改善髋关节功能,有效避免骨水泥植入综合征,中期疗效满意。     

Avascular necrosis after internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures; a study of the outcome for 1023 patients

We prospectively studied 1023 patients who sustained an intracapsular hip fracture that was treated with internal fixation using contemporary methods. The overall incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) was 6.6%. AVN was less common for undisplaced (4.0%) than for displaced fractures (9.5%) and in men (4.9%) than women (11.4%) who had a displaced fracture. The incidence of AVN for those aged less than 60 years and who sustained a displaced fracture was 20.6%, compared to 12.5% for those aged 60–80 years and 2.5% for those aged more than 80 years. Our study showed an increased risk of AVN with younger age and in females with a displaced fracture. We found no association between the incidence of AVN and the interval between injury to surgery.     

55岁以下成年移位股骨颈骨折内固定术后失败的研究分析

目的:回顾性研究年龄55岁以下成年患者移位股骨颈骨折内固定治疗失败病例以提高对其治疗的重视。方法:2007年1月至2010年6月治疗55岁以下移位股骨颈骨折内固定术后失败患者18例,男13例,女5例;年龄27～55岁,平均(48.0±6.0)岁;空心钉治疗17例,髓内钉治疗1例。入院时诊断为股骨头坏死16例,骨不连合并股骨头坏死2例。结果:18例患者内固定术后至手术失败时间8～32个月,平均23个月。复位内固定术后Garden指数不佳;入院时髋关节Harris评分33～80分,平均(56.0±12.5)分。8例股骨头坏死病例和2例骨不连合并股骨头坏死病例接受了全髋关节置换术,5例股骨头坏死病例接受了表面髋关节置换术,3例虽然影像学有股骨头坏死征象但临床症状不明显,接受了保守治疗。所有行髋关节表面置换和全髋关节置换的病例术后随访12～53个月,平均34个月,术后Harris评分(94.0±3.0)分(89～96分)。结论:股骨头坏死是55岁以下成年移位股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定术后常见并发症,必须提高对青壮年股骨颈骨折闭合复位内固定治疗的重视。     

空心钉内固定和人工股骨头置换术治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的疗效观察

[目的]对比空心钉内固定术(internal fixation,IF)与人工股骨头置换术(hemiarthroplasty,HA)治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的手术疗效和费用。[方法]收集2011年1月~2011年12月于本院接受治疗的135例老年移位型股骨颈骨折患者资料,其中接受IF患者62例,接受HA患者73例。比较两组患者手术相关指标、住院天数、并发症、死亡率等情况。采用髋部骨折功能恢复量表(functional recovery scale,FRS)和欧洲五维健康量表(EQ-5D)评估患者髋部功能和生活质量。末次随访时估算患者骨折相关住院费用。[结果]所有患者均顺利完成手术并完成3年随访。IF组患者术中出血量、手术时间、住院天数均明显低于HA组(P0.05)。IF组并发症发生率高于HA组(P0.05)。两组患者3年内死亡率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后1年FRS评分HA组优于IF组,术后3年时两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后各随访时间两组患者EQ-5D评分差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。3年内两组骨折相关住院费用分别为31 611元和54 644元(P0.05)。[结论]空心钉内固定与人工股骨头置换术是治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的有效方法,均能有效改善患者生活质量,HA有助于短期内提高患者髋部功能。与HA相比虽然IF并发症发生率较高,但其创伤小、出血少、治疗费用相对低廉。     

The total costs of a displaced femoral neck fracture: comparison of internal fixation and total hip replacement

We randomised 143 patients--age 75 years or older--with displaced femoral neck fracture to either internal fixation or total hip replacement (THR) and compared the socio-economic consequences. In the internal fixation group, 34 of 78 hips underwent secondary surgery. In the THR group, 12 of 68 hips dislocated, the majority in mentally impaired patients. We calculated the total hospital costs for two years after operation. When secondary surgery was included, there was no difference in costs between the internal fixation and THR groups, or between the mentally impaired and lucid subgroups. The costs to the community were calculated comparing the baseline cost before surgery with the average cost per month during the first postoperative year. No difference was found between the treatment groups. The Harris hip scores were higher in the THR group, and pain was more common in the internal fixation group. In lucid patients, THR gives a better clinical result at the same cost.     

陈旧性股骨颈骨折的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术(total hip arthroplasty,THA)治疗陈旧性股骨颈骨折的假体选择与技术特点.方法 2001年10月至2006年11月因陈旧性股骨颈骨折接受THA患者60例,男30例,女30例;年龄30～80岁,平均57.5岁.按骨折后经保守治疗(23例)或内固定治疗(37例)分组.比较两组股骨柄使用类型、髓腔张开指数、骨质疏松程度.分析术前、术后肢体长度差、股骨头加长长度及旋转中心位置.结果 4l例获得随访,平均随访时间为18-4个月(2～48个月).(1)保守治疗与内固定治疗组骨水泥型柄使用率分别为61%、27%(P<0.05);术前患侧股骨髓腔张开指数分别为2.62±0.85、3.23±0.68(P<0.05);Barnett指数分别为0.40±0.15、0.48±0.08(P<0.05);股骨距平均长度为(0.9±0.6)cm;(2)53%的患者术前髋臼侧骨质疏松等级患侧大于健侧;术后Delce 1、2、3区出现透光线的患者分别占33%、15%及17%(P<0.05);(3)术前、术后平均肢体长度差分别为(21.8±13.0)mm、(1.5±6.7)mm,股骨头平均加长(5.4±2.2)mm.结论 经内崮定治疗后的患者骨质及形态优于经保守治疗者.内固定组股骨柄易被置于内翻位.陈旧性股骨颈骨折多伴有骨质疏松,易发生过度磨锉,导致髋臼安置上移.骨折后瘢痕组织弹性差,易过度松解而不得不使用加长股骨头颈,因此术中应注意软组织松解的程序和范围.     

人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败的疗效观察

目的:观察人工髋关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者的临床疗效.方法:自2007年6月至2014年1月采用人工髋关节置换治疗29例股骨颈骨折内固定失败的患者,其中男12例,女17例;年龄43~83岁,平均60.3岁;左髋16例,右髋13例.内固定距关节置换时间3~48个月,平均23.3个月.结果:29例患者中,直接生物杯固定20例,植骨修复缺损后生物杯固定7例,植骨修复缺损钛网杯固定后骨水泥臼杯固定2例;股骨柄生物型柄13例,骨水泥柄16例.无术中并发症发生,手术时间(115±38) min,术中出血量(420±175) ml,术后引流量(240±119) ml,术中输血量(200±220) ml,术中补液量(2 200±400) ml,术后输血量(300±200)ml,术后早期脱位1例.术后随访时间5~24个月,平均14.7个月,均愈合良好,未发生假体下沉、松动、脱位等现象.Harris评分由术前的51.1±7.5提高到末次随访88.5±6.4.结论:人工关节置换治疗股骨颈骨折内固定失败患者,可早期下地功能锻炼,减少卧床时间及并发症的发生,有利于早期功能恢复,远期疗效需要进一步观察.