髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊治

目的探讨髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位的诊断与治疗。方法2000年2月- 2005年10月,对11例涉及髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者进行回顾性总结,所有患者的后壁边缘压缩骨折、髋关节后脱位均由CT扫描得到证实。患者均采用手术切开复位,对边缘压缩骨折进行撬起和植骨,重建钢板螺丝钉内固定术。结果所有患者获得平均5-56个月(32．4个月)随访,临床结果采用改良d'Aubigne和Postel髋关节评分标准:优4例,良4例,可2例,差1例,优良率为72．7％。1例原发坐骨神经损伤,系骨折块压挫伤,于术后2个月完全恢复。1例因术中未严格保持伸髋屈膝位导致坐骨神经牵拉伤,4个月后基本恢复。1例异位骨化,为BookerⅡ型。1例复位欠佳者出现创伤性关节炎,关节间隙变窄。结论髋臼后壁边缘骨折伴髋关节后脱位患者容易发生边缘压缩性骨折,术前CT扫描可明确诊断,术中要对边缘压缩骨折部分撬起和充分植骨,提高股骨头与髋臼解剖对应率,可取得较好疗效。     

自制弹簧钢板在髋臼后壁骨折手术中的应用

目的探讨自制弹簧钢板在手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折中的应用及疗效。方法 2013年6月-2017年6月,收治髋臼后壁骨折患者38例。男27例,女11例;年龄28~68岁,平均53岁。致伤原因:交通事故伤18例,高处坠落伤15例,跌倒伤5例。其中,单纯后壁骨折4例,后壁骨折伴髋关节后脱位18例,后壁骨折伴后柱骨折10例,后壁骨折伴横断骨折6例。受伤至入院时间1~4 d,平均2.5 d;受伤至手术时间4~8 d,平均5 d。采用Kocher-Langenbeck入路(35例)和联合髂腹股沟入路(3例)复位骨折后,首先采用弹簧钢板压住固定后壁骨折,然后使用重建钢板压住弹簧钢板固定于后柱。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合。患者均获随访,随访时间12~36个月,平均28个月。发生创伤后坐骨神经损伤5例及术中牵拉致坐骨神经损伤2例,均在术后3个月完全恢复。影像学复查示骨折均愈合,骨折愈合时间10~16周,平均12周。随访期间无内固定物断裂和失效发生;末次随访时发生股骨头坏死2例,创伤性关节炎1例,骨化性肌炎1例。术后12个月根据Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能,获优27例,良5例,可2例,差4例。结论髋臼后壁骨折术中使用弹簧钢板固定后壁骨折块后,再使用重建钢板压住弹簧钢板固定于后柱,具有手术操作简便、固定可靠的优点。     

Precontoured buttress plate vs reconstruction plate for acetabulum posterior wall fractures: A biomechanical study

BACKGROUND The purpose of open reduction and internal fixation of acetabulum posterior wall fractures is to restore anatomical structure and stability of the hip joint, in order to start weight bearing as soon as possible and prevent hip arthrosis; restoration of the anatomy should preserve function of the joint as well. Although "special shaped precontoured plates" have been developed in recent years for surgical treatment of this region, studies comparing the traditional plates with the newly designed precontoured plates are lacking.AIM To evaluate the biomechanical properties of precontoured anatomic buttress and conventional curved reconstruction plates(CCRPs) for posterior wall acetabulum fracture treatment.METHODS Twelve pelvis models were created for testing plate treatment of fracture in the posterior wall of the acetabulum. These 12 pelvis models were used to create 24 hemipelvis models(experimental) by cutting from the sagittal plane and passing over the center of gravity, after which the posterior wall acetabular fractures(of similar type and size) were created. In these experimental models, the right acetabulum was fixed with a 5-hole CCRP, while the left was fixed with a precontoured anatomic buttress plate(PABP). Samples were placed through thetest device and were subjected to static load testing, with a constant testing velocity of 2 mm/min until the load reached 2.3 kN or the acetabular fixation failed. Dynamic tests were also performed with sinusoidal wave load, with a maximal load of 2.3 kN and a load ratio of 0.1.RESULTS The average stiffness values were 460.83 ± 95.47 N/mm for the PABP and 291.99± 118.58 N/mm for the 5-hole CCRP. The precontoured anatomic acetabulum buttress plates had significantly higher rigidity than the CCRPs(P = 0.022). There was a statistically significant difference between the unloaded and 2.3 kN-loaded values of AL(posterosuperior fracture line vertical to the ground surface) and CL(posteroinferior fracture line vertical to the ground surface) parameters for both the PABPs and the 5-hole CCRPs(P = 0.036 and P = 0.045, respectively).According to the static tests, the amount of total displacement was significantly less in the PABPs than in the CCRPs. Comparative analysis of the displacement in the BL(posterior wall fracture line horizontal to the ground) parameter yielded no statistically significant differences between the PABP and the 5-hole CCRPs(P= 0.261).CONCLUSION PABP provides more stable fixation in acetabulum posterior wall fractures than5-hole CCRP, allowing for proximal or distal fracture line screw application without reshaping.     

手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折45例

目的：探讨应用重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法：对45例经手术复位重建钢板内固定治疗的髋臼后壁骨折进行回顾性分析,男31例,女14例;年龄19～68岁,平均37.6岁。合并髋关节脱位者41例。全部后侧Kocher-Langenbeck切口。结果：45例均获随访,随访时间为12～48个月,平均26个月。按Matta的X线复位标准和Matta改良的d＇Aubigne临床标准评估,解剖复位38例,满意复位7例;临床结果优30例,良10例,一般5例,优良率为88.9%。本组中发生创伤性关节炎4例,股骨头坏死2例,异位骨化2例,下肢深静脉血栓1例,无切口感染和骨不愈合。结论：重建钢板内固定治疗髋臼后壁骨折可获得满意的临床疗效。骨折复位质量、伤后至手术时间、骨折粉碎程度、手术经验是影响髋臼后壁骨折治疗效果的关键。     

髋臼镍钛记忆合金三维内固定系统治疗陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损

目的探讨应用髋臼镍钛记忆合金三维内固定系统(acetabular tridimensional memory alloy-fixationsystem,ATMFS)结合自体髂骨解剖重建髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损的临床效果。方法 2002年1月-2009年2月,收治17例陈旧性髋臼后壁骨折合并骨缺损患者。男11例,女6例;年龄20～60岁,平均41.7岁。骨折至该次入院时间为14～180 d,平均63 d。髋臼关节面移位均≥3 mm。骨缺损按照美国骨科医师协会(AAOS)髋臼骨折缺损分型标准:Ⅰ型4例,Ⅱ型6例,Ⅲ型5例,Ⅳ型2例。手术去除残留的髋臼后壁骨折块和增生软组织,复位股骨头后取自体游离髂骨植于后壁缺损处,ATMFS固定重建髋臼后壁,加用人工韧带重建髋关节囊韧带,防止股骨头再脱位。结果术后3 d骨折复位按照Matta影像评定标准:优8例,良6例,可2例,差1例,优良率为82.3%。术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,无坐骨神经损伤发生。患者术后均获随访,随访时间1～8年,平均3.9年。术后2～6个月骨折均愈合,平均3.6个月。术后1例发生股骨头缺血性坏死,1例发生髋臼周围异位骨化。术后1年,患者髋关节功能按照Merle d’Aubigné-Postel的评分系统评价:获优9例,良6例,可1例,差1例,优良率为88.2%。结论 ATMFS结合自体髂骨游离移植,利用人工韧带重建髋关节囊韧带,是治疗髋臼后壁陈旧性骨折合并骨缺损的有效方法,它可以恢复髋关节的后方稳定,防止股骨头再脱位。     

Associated both-column acetabular fracture: An overview of operative steps and surgical technique

The management of both-column fractures of the acetabulum is challenging for the orthopaedic surgeon. Operative treatment is usually recommended in this particular fracture pattern, as residual joint surface displacement has been shown to increase local contact stress, drastically leading to rapid cartilage destruction. In this review, we present an overview of operative steps and surgical technique for both-column acetabular fracture reconstruction. Therefore, we demonstrate how correct understanding of fracture morphology and displacement, preoperative preparation, including choice of approach and patient positioning, reduction strategies, and programmed sequential fixation, starting from superior fracture lines on the anterior acetabular column and ending on the posterior components of this fracture type, may provide satisfactory outcomes in this difficult acetabular fracture pattern.     

Associated both-column acetabular fracture: An overview of operative steps and surgical technique

The management of both-column fractures of the acetabulum is challenging for the orthopaedic surgeon. Operative treatment is usually recommended in this particular fracture pattern, as residual joint surface displacement has been shown to increase local contact stress, drastically leading to rapid cartilage destruction. In this review, we present an overview of operative steps and surgical technique for both-column acetabular fracture reconstruction. Therefore, we demonstrate how correct understanding of fracture morphology and displacement, preoperative preparation, including choice of approach and patient positioning, reduction strategies, and programmed sequential fixation, starting from superior fracture lines on the anterior acetabular column and ending on the posterior components of this fracture type, may provide satisfactory outcomes in this difficult acetabular fracture pattern.     

髋臼后壁边缘压缩骨折的治疗

目的观察切开撬拔复位植骨钢板螺钉内固定术对髋臼边缘压缩骨折的治疗效果。方法对16例髋臼骨折合并边缘压缩骨折的患者采用手术切开复位,对压缩骨折进行撬拨复位和植骨,钢板螺钉内固定术。结果16例平均随访2年,根据Matta的髋臼骨折临床结果评分标准,优9例,良5例,差2例。结论髋臼边缘压缩骨折常见于髋臼后壁骨折患者,易漏诊,要加强对此类型骨折的认识,提高术前确诊率,术中对压缩骨折部分进行撬拔复位和植骨,可获得良好的临床效果。     

前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折

目的探讨前后联合入路治疗复杂髋臼骨折的临床疗效。方法采用髂腹股沟入路、联合K-L入路,切开复位重建钢板固定治疗21例复杂髋臼骨折患者。结果患者均获随访,时间10～36个月。切口均一期愈合,无血管、神经医源性损伤。按Matta复位标准：解剖复位18例,满意复位2例,不满意1例。骨折均愈合,愈合时间3—4．5个月。关节功能按d’Aubigne-Postel评分系统评定：优16例,良3例,可1例,差1例。出现股骨头坏死1例,异位骨化2例。结论前后联合入路、切开复位、重建钢板固定可明显提高复位质量,固定方便可靠,是治疗复杂髋臼骨折的有效方法。     

髋臼横形伴后壁骨折的诊断和治疗

目的探讨髋臼横形伴后壁骨折的诊断方法和治疗效果.方法15例髋臼横形伴后壁骨折,通过X线平片、CT平扫及重建图像确诊,均手术治疗,其中改良Kocher-Langenbeck(K-L)入路10例、前后联合入路5例,均采用钢板和拉力螺钉固定.结果随访1～4年(平均2年),关节功能按改良d'Aubigne和Postel功能评定标准,解剖复位者12例中关节功能优良10例、可2例;复位欠佳2例中关节功能良1例、可1例;不满意复位1例关节功能差.结论髋臼横形伴后壁骨折一般采用手术治疗,手术入路为改良K-L入路或前后联合入路,骨折固定方法应满足解剖复位、坚强固定和安全的要求.     

手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位

目的探讨手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位的临床疗效。方法18例髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位患者全部采用K-L入路复位钢板螺丝钉内固定治疗。结果手术时间60～120（90±30）min,失血量200～480（340±140）ml,18例均获随访,时间18～53（35.5±17.5）个月。采用Matta改良的d′Anbigne和Postel临床评价标准：优12例,良3例,可3例。结论髋臼后壁骨折伴股骨头脱位手术治疗可获得良好的临床效果,股骨头脱位复位越早越好,对伴有广泛粉碎性骨折者出现较差结果可能性更大。     

髋臼后壁骨折三种内固定方式的生物力学研究及临床意义

背景：锁定重建接骨板已应用于髋臼后壁骨折的治疗,但关于其固定髋臼后壁骨折生物力学稳定性的研究报道甚少。目的：比较锁定重建接骨板、重建接骨板及单纯拉力螺钉固定髋臼后壁骨折的生物力学稳定性。 方法：取成人新鲜半骨盆标本18个,制成髋臼后壁骨折模型,随机分成三组。A组用2枚拉力螺钉固定,B组用重建接骨板固定,C组用锁定重建接骨板固定。进行轴向加载实验,测定各组骨折的纵向位移、内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度,以比较各内固定方式的稳定性。 结果：在相同载荷下,B组、C组骨折的纵向位移小于A组,B组、C组内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度大于A组,有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;B组与C组在纵向位移、内固定失效时的载荷及轴向刚度之间无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。 结论：锁定重建接骨板与重建接骨板的内固定稳定性优于单纯拉力螺钉内固定,锁定重建接骨板与重建接骨板内的固定稳定性相似,均可用于髋臼后壁骨折的内固定治疗。     

髋臼后壁骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗髋臼后壁骨折的临床疗效。方法从2001年1月．2003年6月，手术治疗有明显移位的髋臼后壁骨折89例，男67例，女22例，平均年龄34．2岁。伴有股骨头脱位62例；按Letournel分类，典型后壁骨折47例，后上骨折33例，后下骨折9例；原发性坐骨神经损伤5例。受伤至手术时间：1—93d，平均11．2d。手术全部采用Kocher—Langenbeck入路。结果平均手术时间87min，失血247mL。全部采用钢板加螺钉固定，手术一过性坐骨神经麻痹4例。平均随访55．6个月（37—66个月），按Matta的复位标准、x线评估标准和Matta改良的d’Aubigne和Postel临床标准进行评估。全部患者均达到解剖复位，x线评估结果：优71例，良16例，一般2例；临床评估结果：优67例，良14例，一般8例。2例坐骨神经高位分支、腓总神经支完全断裂虽经神经吻合，仍有拖行步态，另3例除腓骨长短肌力4级外，步态正常；无感染和股骨头坏死病例，异位骨化11例。结论髋臼后壁骨折行手术治疗可获得良好的临床疗效；合并股骨头脱位急诊复位后的后壁骨折并不增加股骨头坏死率；术前坐骨神经断裂与后壁有大骨折块及伴有坐骨神经盆内高位分支有关。     

髋臼骨折骨不连的治疗

目的 探讨髋臼骨折骨不连的发生原因及治疗方法。方法 1995年5月-2005年8月收治髋臼骨折骨不连患者10例，8例为手术后发生骨不连，第一次手术至第二次手术时间为10～24个月，平均15个月。术前仔细分析髋臼骨折损伤类型及发生骨不连的原因，根据发生骨不连部位分别采取Kocher-Langenbeck切口、髂腹股沟切口或前后联合切口手术，彻底清理骨折端，均行植骨内固定治疗。结果 9例患者获得15～27个月（平均19个月）随访，经二次手术，骨折骨不连均达到骨性愈合。髋关节功能按照Matta的评分标准：优3例，良5例，可1例。结论 髋臼骨折骨不连多由于治疗者缺乏髋臼骨折治疗经验、治疗措施不当引起。准确掌握手术适应证、术前明确骨折分类、把握手术时机、正确选择切口、满意的复位和正确的内固定方式是预防术后骨不连的关键。     

Surgical treatment of acetabulum posterior wall fractures: Comparison between undercountering and marginal impaction reconstruction method with odd methods

BackgroundModern treatment principles for posterior wall fractures have become widespread in the last decade in many countries by means of international or local courses. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of acetabulum posterior wall fractures using unconventional methods of fixation, including plates placed in unusual directions, or, in the case of reoperation, only interfragmentary screws. In addition, we examined acetabulum posterior wall fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation with standard undercountered plates from ischion to iliac bone in latter cases.MethodsTwenty-one patients who had open reduction and internal fixation of an unstable unilateral fracture of the posterior wall of the acetabulum between 2009 and 2013 were included. Group 1 was composed of 10 former patients who were treated with unconventional methods that included a compression technique with a direct plate or solely screw fixation. Group 2 was composed of latter 11 patients who were treated with standard surgery that included undercountered plates oriented from the ischial tuberosity to the iliac bone proximally and reconstruction of marginal impaction if necessary. The functional outcome was evaluated with the use of the clinical grading system adopted by Merle d'Aubigné and Postel. The Kellgren–Lawrence radiologic criteria were used for the radiologic assessments. The reduction of the fracture, posterior dislocation, marginal impaction, mean fracture particle amount, trochanteric osteotomy and avascular necrosis were compared between the two groups and examined with the Mann–Whitney U test.ResultsIn Groups 1 and 2, the median score of the modified Merle d'Aubigné and Postel clinical scoring system was 16 (8–18) and 18 (14–18), respectively. The clinical scores between the two groups were statistically significant (p < 0.01). When two groups were compared using the Kellgren–Lawrence radiographic criteria for the development of osteoarthritis, the median value in Groups 1 and 2 was 3 (0–4) and 1 (0–3), respectively (p < 0.01).ConclusionsThis study displays the evolution of the surgical treatment of acetabular fractures of the posterior wall in our clinic. The older methods failed in terms of exposure, diagnosis of fracture anatomy and fixation techniques. Patients treated after the surgeons took courses in this field showed evidence of superior clinical and radiological scores. We attribute these benefits to exposure, definition and treatment of marginal impaction and fixation principles.     

Letournel分型复杂髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨Letournel分型复杂髋臼骨折的诊断和治疗。方法75例Letournel分型复杂髋臼骨折，术前经骨盆CT三维重建明确诊断分型后，分别采用前、后人路，前后联合入路及笔者改良的髂股入路显露并复位，AO重建钢板内固定。结果随访6个月～8年，平均3年10个月，按关节功能D’Aubigne和Postel6分法及X线片表现Epstein标准评价，优34例，良28例，可8例，差5例，优良率为82．57％。结论术前完善的影像学资料、骨盆模型标本的体外模拟、使用合理的手术入路、术中尽可能的解剖复位及AO重建钢板内固定是获得良好结果的基础。     

髋臼后壁骨折并髋关节脱位手术治疗的疗效分析

目的探讨髋臼后壁骨折合并股骨头后脱位的手术治疗方法及影响预后的因素。方法本组25例患者,伤后均急诊行手法复位．多数在伤后5～7天应用Kocher—langenback切口行手术治疗,髋臼后壁骨折复位后,应用螺丝钉或加钢板内固定,必要时植骨。结果全部患者均随诊6～36个月．根据相关资料评定：X线评定结果优19例、良4例、可2例,优良率：92％。临床功能评定优13例、良8例、可3例,差1例,优良率：84％。结论髋臼后壁骨折并关节脱位解剖复位及手术内固定可提高此类损伤疗效和减少并发症发生。     

髋臼后方包容角法和Keith法评价髋臼后壁骨折稳定性的对比研究

目的探讨髋臼后方包容角法评价髋臼后壁骨折髋臼后方稳定性的临床价值。方法选取30例单侧髋臼后壁骨折患者,在CT上分别采用髋臼后方包容角法和Keith法评估髋臼后方的稳定性,并对判定结果进行对比。结果髋臼后方的完全包容角、稳定包容角和不稳定包容角的平均值分别为92.38°±10.53°、73.86°±9.36°、51.90°±6.43°,2名测量人员自身和两者之间的组内相关系数(ICC)均0.95,说明此方法的可信度高且可重复性好。Keith法和髋臼后方包容角法对髋臼后方稳定性的判定结果具有高度一致性,Kappa值为0.824。以髋臼后方稳定性试验为参照,髋臼后方包容角法判定髋臼后方稳定性的特异性、敏感性和准确率均高于Keith法,但差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.834、0.764、0.904,P0.05)。结论髋臼后方包容角法与传统的Keith法在髋臼后壁骨折稳定性的判定结果基本一致,但该法不需参照对侧,操作简单,实用性强,尤其适用于对侧髋臼合并骨折或有先天性畸形的患者。     

Comparative study of comminuted posterior acetabular wall fracture treated with the Acetabular Tridimensional Memory Fixation System

Background

Posterior wall fractures are one of the most common acetabular fractures. However, only 30% of these fractures involve a single large fragment, and comminuted acetabular posterior wall fractures pose a particular surgical challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes between patients who received fixation for comminuted posterior wall fracture using the Acetabular Tridimensional Memory Fixation System (ATMFS) and patients who underwent fixation with conventional screws and buttress plates (Plates group).

Method

Between April 2003 and May 2007, 196 consecutive patients who sustained a comminuted posterior wall fracture of acetabulum were treated with ATMFS or conventional screws and buttress plates. Operative time, fluoroscopy time, blood loss, and any intra-operative complications were recorded. Plain AP and lateral radiographs were obtained at all visits (Matta's criteria). Modified Merle d’ Aubigne-Postel score, and Mos SF-36 score were compared between groups.

Results

Fifty patients were included in the analysis with 26 in the ATMFS group and 24 in the Plates group. The mean follow-up time was 57.5 months, ranging from 31 to 69 months. All patients had fully healed fractures at the final follow-up. There was no difference in clinical outcomes or radiological evaluations between groups.

Conclusion

Patients with comminuted posterior wall fractures of the acetabulum treated with the ATMFS or conventional screws and buttress plate techniques achieve a good surgical result. Both techniques are safe, reliable, and practical. Use of the ATMFS technique may reduce blood loss and improve rigid support to marginal bone impaction. The use ATMFS may need additional support when fractures involve the superior roof.