下肢慢性动脉闭塞性疾病的外科血管旁路移植与腔内介入治疗

目的 按泛大西洋协作组织(Trans Atlantic Inter-Society consensus,TASC)分型对传统手术与腔内介入治疗的效果进行分析比较. 方法对2005年10月至2008年10月应用血管旁路移植术与腔内介入治疗下肢慢性动脉缺血患者201例的临床资料进行回顾性分析.其中男137例,女64例,男女之比为2.14:1.平均年龄(67±12)岁,其中>70岁患者共101例(占50.2%).结果 (1)腔内介入治疗术后6、12、24个月股浅动脉支架植入通畅率(100.0%、89.8%、75.0%)优于单纯扩张(82.4%、62.5%、35.7%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).(2)手术旁路移植术后24个月二期通畅率88.0%优于介入支架70.7%,两者差异有统计学意义(X2=6.232,P<0.05).结论 血管旁路移植适宜于TASC C、D型股浅动脉长段闭塞,腔内介入适宜于TASC A、B型股浅动脉短段闭塞,且支架植入优于单纯扩张;尽管腔内介入通畅率低于传统手术,但其具有的安全、快捷、可重复性高的特点,使其在下肢动脉闭塞症的治疗中占有重要地位.     

Outcomes of endovascular salvage of clotted arteriovenous access and predictors of patency after thrombectomy

ObjectiveThis study aimed to report the outcomes of endovascular salvage of clotted arteriovenous (AV) accesses and to determine potential predictors of poor patency rates after thrombectomy.MethodsRecords of hemodialysis patients who underwent endovascular salvage of clotted AV access were reviewed retrospectively. Technical and clinical success rates, complication rates, and 3- and 6-month patency rates were determined. Multivariate analysis was performed to determine the predictors of patency after thrombectomy.ResultsA total of 294 patients underwent endovascular salvage of clotted AV access during the study period; 156 patients had arteriovenous fistula, whereas the remaining 138 were arteriovenous grafts (AVGs). The technical and clinical success rates were 96.3% and 93.2%; the major and minor complication rates were 0.7% and 9.9%. Post-thrombectomy primary, assisted primary, and secondary patency rates were 62.9%, 76.2%, and 77.6% at 3 months and 43.9%, 59.5%, and 61.6% at 6 months. The patency rates were significantly better for arteriovenous fistula than for AVG except for 6-month assisted primary and secondary patency. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that prior thrombosis within 90 days was significantly associated with loss of primary patency (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-2.98; P < .01), assisted primary patency (HR, 2.42; 95% CI, 1.42-4.13; P < .01), and secondary patency (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.40-4.53; P < .01). Having an AVG was also negatively associated with primary patency.ConclusionsMost clotted AV accesses can be salvaged by endovascular technique. Recurrent thrombosis within 90 days is associated with poor short- and long-term patency even after successful endovascular reinterventions.     

Early peripheral vascular interventions for claudication are associated with higher rates of late interventions and progression to chronic limb threatening ischemia

ObjectiveDespite societal guidelines that peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) should not be the first-line therapy for intermittent claudication, a significant number of patients will undergo PVI for claudication within 6 months of diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of early PVI for claudication with subsequent interventions.MethodsWe evaluated 100% of Medicare fee-for-service claims to identify all beneficiaries with a new diagnosis of claudication from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2017. The primary outcome was late intervention, defined as any femoropopliteal PVI performed >6 months after the claudication diagnosis (through June 30, 2021). Kaplan-Meier curves were used to compare the cumulative incidence of late PVI for claudication patients with early (≤6 months) PVI vs those without early PVI. A hierarchical Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the patient- and physician-level characteristics associated with late PVIs.ResultsA total of 187,442 patients had a new diagnosis of claudication during the study period, of whom 6069 (3.2%) had undergone early PVI. After a median follow-up of 4.39 years (interquartile range, 3.62-5.17 years), 22.5% of the early PVI patients had undergone late PVI vs 3.6% of those without early PVI (P < .001). Patients treated by high use physicians of early PVI (≥2 standard deviations; physician outliers) were more likely to have received late PVI than were patients treated by standard use physician of early PVI (9.8% vs 3.9%; P < .001). Patients who had undergone early PVI (16.4% vs 7.8%) and patients treated by outlier physicians (9.7% vs 8.0%) were more likely to have developed CLTI (P < .001 for both). After adjustment, the patient factors associated with late PVI included receipt of early PVI (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 6.89; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.42-7.40) and Black race (vs White; aHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.10-1.30). The only physician factor associated with late PVI was a majority of practice in an ambulatory surgery center or office-based laboratory, with an increasing proportion of ambulatory surgery center or office-based laboratory services associated with significantly increased rates of late PVI (quartile 4 vs quartile 1; aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.41-1.75).ConclusionsEarly PVI after the diagnosis of claudication was associated with higher late PVI rates compared with early nonoperative management. High use physicians of early PVI for claudication performed more late PVIs than did their peers, especially those primarily delivering care in high reimbursement settings. The appropriateness of early PVI for claudication needs critical evaluation, as do the incentives surrounding the delivery of these interventions in ambulatory intervention suites.     

Improved mortality in treatment of patients with endovascular interventions for chronic mesenteric ischemia

Objective

Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) continues to be a devastating diagnosis. There is a national trend toward increased use of endovascular procedures with improved survival for the treatment of these patients. Our aim was to evaluate whether this trend has changed CMI patients' length of hospitalization and health care cost.

Multidisciplinary approach achieves limb salvage without revascularization in patients with mild to moderate ischemia and tissue loss

ObjectiveThe Society for Vascular Surgery Wound, Ischemia, and foot Infection (WIfI) classification system has been validated to predict wound healing and limb salvage of patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Our goal was to evaluate the association between WIfI stage and wound healing, limb salvage, and survival in a select cohort of patients with PAD and tissue loss undergoing an attempt of wound healing without immediate revascularization (conservative approach) in a multidisciplinary wound program.MethodsVeterans with PAD and tissue loss were prospectively enrolled in our Prevention of Amputation in Veterans Everywhere (PAVE) program. Limbs were stratified to a conservative, revascularization, primary amputation, and palliative limb care approach based on the patient's fitness, ambulatory status, perfusion evaluation, and validated pathway of care. Rates of wound healing, wound recurrence, limb salvage, and survival were retrospectively analyzed by WIfI clinical stages (stage 1-4) in the conservative group. Cox regression modeling was used to estimate clinical outcomes by WIfI stage.ResultsBetween January 2006 and October 2017, there were 961 limbs prospectively enrolled in our PAVE program. A total of 233 limbs with 277 wounds were stratified to the conservative approach. WIfI staging distribution included 19.7% stage 1, 20.2% stage 2, 38.6% stage 3, and 21.5% stage 4. All ischemia scores were classified as 1 or 2. Advanced wound interventions and minor amputations were performed on 40 limbs (16.6%) and 57 limbs (23.7%), respectively. Average long-term follow-up was 41.4 ± 29.0 months. Complete wound healing without revascularization was achieved in 179 limbs (76.8%) during 4.4 ± 4.1 months. Thirty-four limbs (14%) underwent deferred revascularization because of a lack of complete wound healing. At long-term follow-up, wound recurrence per limb was 39%. Overall limb salvage at long-term follow-up was 89.3%. Stratified by WIfI stage, there was no statistically significant difference between groups for wound healing (P = .64), wound recurrence (P = .55), or limb salvage (P = .66) after adjustment for significant patient, limb, and wound characteristics.ConclusionsIn select patients with mild to moderate ischemia and tissue loss, a stratified approach can achieve acceptable rates of wound healing and limb salvage, with limited need for deferred revascularization. WIfI clinical staging did not predict wound healing, limb salvage, or survival in this cohort.     

Elevated serum phosphate levels are associated with decreased amputation-free survival after interventions for critical limb ischemia

Objective

Elevated serum phosphate levels have been associated with increased risks of cardiovascular events and death in several patient populations. The effects of serum phosphate on outcomes in patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) have not been evaluated. In this study, we assessed the effect of abnormal phosphate levels on mortality and major limb events after surgical intervention for CLI.

糖尿病对血管重建治疗慢性重症下肢缺血的影响

目的评价糖尿病对血管重建(腔内及手术)治疗慢性重症下肢缺血的影响。方法回顾性分析3年间北京朝阳医院因慢性重症下肢缺血行下肢血管重建治疗的121例患者(130条肢体)的临床资料。其中,糖尿病组(DM组)55例(60条肢体),行动脉转流手术27条肢体,单纯经皮动脉球囊扩张(PTA)9条肢体,PTA+支架20条肢体,转流手术+腔内治疗杂交手术4条肢体;非糖尿病组(NDM组)66例(70条肢体),行动脉转流手术28条肢体,单纯PTA 10条肢体,PTA+支架24条肢体,转流手术+腔内治疗杂交8条肢体。随访3~36个月,比较两组患者的围手术期病死率、术后1年生存率及保肢率。结果围手术期病死率DM组为9.1%,NDM组为6.1%,两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1年生存率DM组为88.1%,NDM组为93.1%,两组差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1年保肢率DM组为81.6%,NDM组为83.4%,两组差异亦无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论对于因慢性重症下肢缺血行下肢血管重建的患者,糖尿病并不增加其围手术期病死率,也不降低其远期生存率及保肢率。笔者认为,对于糖尿病慢性重症下肢缺血患者应积极进行血管重建...     

Severe inframalleolar disease is an independent predictor of adverse limb outcomes after endovascular revascularization in chronic limb-threatening ischemia

ObjectiveIn the present study, we evaluated the effects of inframalleolar (IM) disease on the occurrence of major adverse limb events (MALE) in patients undergoing endovascular revascularization for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).MethodsPatients who had undergone endovascular revascularization for CLTI between January 2015 and December 2019 at two university-affiliated hospitals were reviewed retrospectively. Patients with severe IM disease (pedal score of 2) were compared with those with mild to moderate IM disease (score of 0 or 1) using the Global Vascular Guidelines. The primary outcome was MALE (open revascularization, acute leg ischemia, major amputation). The secondary outcomes were mortality, reintervention, major adverse cardiac events, and perioperative complications ≤30 days after endovascular revascularization, primary limb-based patency, and the occurrence of any limb event (defined as any amputation, acute leg ischemia, or open revascularization). Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to compare the primary outcome, and the Cox proportion hazard model was used to assess the effects of IM disease.ResultsThe study included 167 limbs in 149 patients (36% female; mean age, 74 ± 12 years). Severe IM disease was identified in 71 limbs (43%). No differences were found in the baseline characteristics, except for a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia in the patients with severe IM disease (66% vs 43%; P = .003). Most patients in both groups had had a WIfI (Wound, Ischemia, foot Infection) score of 4 (severe IM disease, 64%; vs mild to moderate IM disease, 57%; P = .462) and GLASS (global limb anatomic severity scale) III anatomy (severe IM disease, 54%; vs mild to moderate IM disease, 48%; P = .752). The Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that severe IM disease was associated with lower freedom from MALE (69% vs 82%; P = .026). The Cox proportion hazard regression model showed that severe IM disease was an independent predictor of increased MALE and amputation risk (hazard ratio, 1.715; 95% confidence interval, 1.015-2.896; P = .044) after adjusting for covariates. During follow-up, patients with severe IM disease had had mortality (27% vs 31%; P = .567) and reintervention (42% vs 38%; P = .608) similar to those for patients with mild to moderate IM disease. Primary limb-based patency was also similar (79% vs 84%; P = .593) at a mean follow-up of 3.8 ± 0.8 years.ConclusionsSevere IM disease was prevalent in 43% of limbs that had undergone endovascular revascularization for CLTI and was associated with lower freedom from MALE. Severe IM disease also independently increased the hazard of adverse limb outcomes and amputations in patients with CLTI by >70%, highlighting its importance as a measure of foot perfusion.     

血管腔内治疗慢性下肢缺血时的溶栓治疗

目的 探讨导管溶栓在慢性下肢缺血腔内成形治疗时的可行性、疗效及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2009年2月～2011年2月在广州市中医院接受治疗的11例慢性下肢缺血(TASC Ⅱ D级)患者的临床资料.采用尿激酶(UK)溶栓,然后再行血管腔内治疗,对治疗后临床疗效及动脉通畅率进行统计分析.结果 9例患者(81.8％)血管成形技术获得成功,无并发症发生;2例(18.2％)未溶栓成功.8例患者获得随访,随访率为88.9％,平均随访时间14.5个月.术后1年一期通畅率、辅助一期通畅率和二期通畅率分别为80％、88％及92％,2年为67％、84％及88％.结论 对慢性下肢缺血TASC Ⅱ D级病变进行血管腔内成形时的溶栓是可行、安全且有效的.     

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗并发急性肢体缺血原因分析及防治

目的 探讨下肢动脉硬化闭塞症腔内治疗中并发急性肢体缺血的防治体会.方法 回顾性分析2003年6月至2012年4月接受腔内治疗的下肢动脉硬化闭塞症患者685例,并发急性肢体缺血54例;其中男性43例,女性11例,年龄56 ～ 82岁,平均72.3岁.缺血原因包括动脉栓塞43例(6.3％),血栓形成8例(1.2％),动脉夹层3例(0.3％);发生在球囊血管成形及支架植入过程中36例,导管溶栓中17例,SilverHawk斑块切除中1例.采用腔内治疗32例,手术治疗9例,腔内治疗联合手术治疗13例.结果 50例患者治疗成功,4例治疗失败行手术截肢,无死亡病例.术后45例获得随访,随访3～96个月,平均40.3个月.随访中动脉栓塞患者下肢缺血症状复发6例,再次予以腔内治疗4例,2例行截趾术;血栓患者1例旁路术后吻合口狭窄予以球囊血管成形,1例支架内再狭窄行球囊血管成形支架植入;夹层患者1例膝下动脉支架闭塞,予以药物保守治疗,症状减轻.4例截肢患者随访情况良好.结论 腔内治疗术中并发急性肢体缺血多数患者可采用腔内技术处理,腔内治疗效果不佳时应转开放手术.     

急性下肢缺血动脉再通后并发骨筋膜室综合征的诊治

目的：探讨急性下肢缺血动脉再通后并发骨筋膜室综合征的临床表现、早期诊治及预后。方法：回顾性分析2005年1月至2009年1月因急性下肢缺血在我科行动脉再通治疗后并发急性下肢骨筋膜室综合征病人的临床资料,包括发病原因、时间、治疗方式、治疗效果、骨筋膜室综合征的处理方法及预后。结果：126例病人因急性下肢缺血行动脉再通治疗,发病至再通时间平均为26h（3h至6d）,其中24例（共27条肢体）并发骨筋膜室综合征而行筋膜切开（包括3例行双侧肢体预防性切开）。21例动脉再通术后延迟切开时间平均为10（5—48）h,其中2例术中行血液透析,1例行术后血液透析。本组3例截肢,2例死亡（包括1例截肢）。结论：骨筋膜室综合征是急性下肢缺血动脉再通后的严重并发症,动脉再通后持续疼痛或疼痛加重伴局部张力升高者应高度怀疑为骨筋膜室综合征,其治疗方法是充分切开4个筋膜腔减压,同时动态监测病人电解质和肾功能指标,维持肾功能和内环境的稳定,必要时应早期进行透析。     

Early reintervention after open and endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is associated with high mortality

Objective

Although reinterventions are generally considered more common after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) than after open surgical repair (OSR), less is known about reintervention in the early postoperative period. Furthermore, there are few data regarding the impact of early reintervention on 30-day mortality. We sought to evaluate the rates and types of reintervention after abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and the impact of reintervention on postoperative mortality.

Analysis of the results of endovascular and open surgical treatment of acute limb ischemia

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term estimates of limb salvage and survival in patients with acute limb ischemia (ALI) receiving open surgery or endovascular revascularization.