Endograft migration after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the incidence, timing, and potential risk factors of late endograft migration after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of 123 patients receiving TEVAR for thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs), dissections, penetrating aortic ulcer, intramural hematoma, or traumatic transection between January 2005 and December 2015 with a minimum imaging-based follow-up of 6 months. Imaging analysis was performed by three independent readers. Migration was defined according to the reporting standards as a stent graft shift of >10 mm relative to a primary anatomic landmark or any displacement that led to symptoms or required therapy. A standardized measurement protocol in accordance with the reporting guidelines was used. Median follow-up was 3 years (range, 0.5-10 years).ResultsMigration occurred in nine (7.3%) patients and took place at the proximal landing zone (n = 1), overlapping zone (n = 4), or distal landing zone (n = 5), resulting in type I or type III endoleaks in 44% (n = 4/9) of the cases. All cases of migration with endoleaks underwent reintervention; 75% (n = 3/4) of the migration associated with endoleaks could have been identified on previous imaging before an endoleak occurred. Freedom from migration was 99.1% after 1 year, 94.0% after 3 years, and 86.1% after 5 years. Aortic elongation and TAA were identified as predisposing factors for migration (P = .003 and P = .01, respectively). No influence of the proximal landing zone (zone 0-4), type of aortic arch (I-III), or type of endograft on the incidence of migration was found.ConclusionsGraft migration after TEVAR occurs in a relevant proportion of patients, predominantly in patients with TAA and aortic elongation. Follow-up imaging of these patients should be specifically evaluated regarding the occurrence of migration.     

Risk factors for mortality after endovascular repair for blunt thoracic aortic injury

ObjectiveDespite high use of endovascular repair, blunt thoracic aortic injury (BTAI) leads to significant mortality. We sought to identify risk factors and create a predictive model for mortality after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) based on available preoperative clinical data.MethodsWe queried the Vascular Quality Initiative TEVAR dataset from April 2011 to November 2017 to identify patients with BTAI as the indication for repair. Patient characteristics, injury grade, timing of repair, and technical aspects including left subclavian artery (LSCA) involvement and coverage were evaluated. Logistic regression was used to identify univariable predictors of the primary outcome of in-hospital mortality. A multivariable model was constructed to predict in-hospital mortality after TEVAR for traumatic aortic injury. The model was tested as a prediction tool, internally validated using 10-fold cross-validation approach, externally validated using early and late split samples, and finally simplified into a scoring system.ResultsWe identified 633 TEVAR cases performed for blunt trauma. The majority of patients were male (73.9%) with median age of 39 years (interquartile range, 27-56 years). Although 18.6% documented zone 2 or proximal involvement, 28.1% documented involvement or treatment of the LSCA. 8.9% of repairs were performed for a grade 1 injury, with an increase from 6.4% in 2014 to 16.7% in 2017 (P = .04). The overall in-hospital mortality rate was 7.3%. Independent predictors of mortality were age 60 year or greater (odds ratio [OR], 11.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.30-24.23; P < .001), creatinine 1.2 or greater (OR, 5.28; 95% CI, 2.46-11.34; P < .001), male gender (OR, 4.26; 95% CI, 1.53-11.84; P = .005), Injury Severity Score of greater than 30 (OR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.74-8.57; P = .001), and LSCA involvement (OR, 2.25; 95% CI, 1.11-4.53; P = .02). The model predicted in-hospital mortality with a C-statistic of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92), and a simplified model based on a point system had a similar C-statistic of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.80-0.92; P = .44).ConclusionsTEVAR for BTAI is associated with a 7.3% in-hospital mortality in the Vascular Quality Initiative. Treatment of grade 1 injuries has increased significantly in recent years. Factors most strongly associated with mortality include age, male gender, renal impairment, LSCA involvement, and high ISS score. A simple point score model based on these variables robustly predicts in-hospital mortality and may assist in appropriate patient selection and risk stratification.     

Long-term results of endovascular repair for descending thoracic aortic aneurysms

Objective

Since thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) received U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for the treatment of descending thoracic aneurysms in March 2005, excellent 30-day and midterm outcomes have been described. However, data on long-term outcomes are lacking with Medicare data suggesting that TEVAR has worse late survival compared with open descending repair. As such, the purpose of this study was to examine the long-term outcomes for on-label use of TEVAR for repair of descending thoracic aneurysms.

Downstream thoracic endovascular aortic repair following zone 2, 100-mm stent graft frozen elephant trunk implantation

Open in a separate window OBJECTIVESThe aim of this study was to analyse outcomes of downstream thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) following the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure.METHODSSixty-six patients underwent downstream TEVAR following the FET procedure to treat thoracic aortic dissections (n = 42, 64%), aneurysms (n = 19, 29%) or penetrating aortic ulcers involving the aortic arch (n = 5, 8%). Patient and outcome characteristics were analysed.RESULTSDownstream TEVAR was performed 7 [interquartile range: 2–18] months after the FET procedure in 39 male (59%) and 27 female (41%) patients aged 68 [interquartile range: 56, 75] years, including 11 patients (17%) with a connective tissue disease. Before TEVAR, cerebrospinal fluid drainage was put in place in 61 patients (92%). Patients were treated with 1 stent graft (n = 28, 42%), 2 stent grafts (n = 37, 56%) or 3 stent grafts (n = 1, 2%). The femoral artery was accessed through surgical cut-down (n = 15, 23%) or percutaneously (n = 49, 74%). One patient (2%) developed a temporary spinal cord injury that resolved spontaneously. No case of permanent spinal cord injury, stroke or death was observed. After 12 [interquartile range: 2–23] months, 15 patients required an additional aortic reintervention (endovascular: n = 6; surgical: n = 9).CONCLUSIONSDownstream TEVAR following the FET procedure is associated with excellent clinical outcomes. We thus maintain that staging thoracic aortic repair—FET and secondary TEVAR—is a very successful and safe strategy. Certain patients might need a tertiary procedure to fix their entire aortic pathology; therefore, they will require long-term continuous follow-up, ideally in a dedicated aortic clinic.     

选择性覆盖左锁骨下动脉在胸主动脉腔内修复术中的应用

目的:探讨胸主动脉腔内修复术中一期覆盖左锁骨下动脉(LSA)对预后的影响。方法:回顾分析2007年6月—2012年1月76例胸主动脉病变行胸主动脉腔内修复术患者的临床资料,包括主动脉夹层56例,壁间血肿6例,胸主动脉瘤5例,外伤性胸主动脉破裂9例。腔内修复术中一期覆盖LSA 32例,部分覆盖9例,保留35例。观察疗效和并发症发生情况。结果:围手术期死亡1例(1.3%),死于急性脑梗死。32例覆盖LSA的患者中,发生脑血管意外3例(9.4%),左锁骨下动脉窃血1例(3.1%),左上肢乏力4例(12.5%),并发症发生率为25.0%(8/32);9例部分覆盖LSA患者和35例LSA未覆盖患者中,发生脑血管意外各1例。随访3~40个月,死亡1例,I型内漏2例,均再次手术干预获得成功。结论:胸主动脉腔内修复术有选择性地一期覆盖左锁骨下动脉是可行的。     

Anemia is associated with higher mortality and morbidity after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

BackgroundIt is uncertain whether preoperative anemia is independently associated with thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) outcomes. Using a national vascular surgery database, we evaluated the associations between preoperative anemia and 30-day mortality, postoperative complications, and 1-year survival for patients undergoing TEVAR.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all patients in the Vascular Quality Initiative who had undergone TEVAR for aortic dissection, aortic aneurysm, penetrating aortic ulcer, hematoma, or thrombus between January 2011 and December 2019. We excluded patients with a ruptured aneurysm, traumatic dissection, emergent repair, treated aorta distal to zone 5, polycythemia, transfusion of >4 U of packed red blood cells intraoperatively or postoperatively, and missing data on hemoglobin level or surgical indications. The final study cohort was dichotomized into two groups: normal/mild anemia (women, ≥10 g/dL; men, ≥12 g/dL) and moderate/severe anemia (women, <10 g/dL; male, <12 g/dL). Propensity scores by stratification were used to control for confounding in the analysis of the association between the outcomes of 30-day mortality, postoperative complications, and 1-year survival and a binary indicator variable of moderate/severe anemia vs normal/mild anemia. Kaplan-Meier analysis and log-rank tests were used to compare the 1-year survival between the two groups. A Cox regression model was fitted to assess the associations between anemia and survival outcomes.ResultsA total of 3391 patients were analyzed, 958 (28.3%) of whom had had moderate/severe anemia. After adjustment for multiple clinical factors using propensity score stratification, moderate/severe anemia was associated with a 141% increased odds of 30-day mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-5.05; P = .019), 58% increased odds of any in-hospital complication (aOR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.17-2.13; P = .003), 281% increased odds of intraoperative transfusion (aOR, 3.81; 95% CI, 2.68-5.53; P < .001). In addition, moderate/severe anemia was associated with significantly worse survival within the first year after TEVAR (log-rank P < .001; 1-year survival rate using Kaplan-Meier estimates, 86.4% ± 1.3% standard error vs 92.5% ± 0.6% standard error) and with an increased risk of mortality in the first postoperative year (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.16-2.82; P = .009).ConclusionsWe found that moderate or severe anemia is associated with significantly increased odds of mortality, postoperative complications, and worse 1-year survival after TEVAR. Future studies are needed to evaluate the effect of anemia correction on the outcomes of TEVAR.     

A systematic review and meta-analysis of endovascular versus open surgical repair for the traumatic ruptured thoracic aorta

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to compare clinical outcomes between open repair and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in traumatic ruptured thoracic aorta.MethodsA comprehensive search was undertaken of the four major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Ovid) to identify all published data comparing open vs endovascular repair. Databases were evaluated to July 2018. Odds ratios (ORs), weighted mean differences, or standardized mean differences and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed. The primary outcomes were stroke, paraplegia, and 30-day mortality rates; secondary outcomes were requirement for reintervention and 1-year and five-year mortality rates.ResultsA total of 1968 patients were analyzed in 21 articles. TEVAR was performed in 29% (n = 578) and open repair in 71% (n = 1390). TEVAR and open repair did not differ in the mean age of patients (42.1 ± 14 years vs 44.1 ± 14 years; P = .48). There was no difference in duration of intensive care and total hospital stay between TEVAR and open repair groups (12.7 ± 11.1 days vs 12.6 ± 8 days [P = .35] and 27.5 ± 14.6 days vs 25.9 ± 11 days [P = .80], respectively). Similarly, no statistically significant difference in postoperative paraplegia or stroke rate was noted between TEVAR and open repair (1.4% vs 2.3% [OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.59-2.70; P = .54] and 1% vs 0.5% [OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.18-2.18; P = .46]). Lower 30-day and 1-year mortality was noted in TEVAR (7.9% vs 20% [OR, 2.94; 95% CI, 1.92-4.49; P < .00001] and 8.7% vs 17% [OR, 2.11; 95% CI, 0.99-4.52; P = .05]). There was no difference in 5-year mortality (23% vs 17%; OR, 0.07; 95% CI, −0.07 to 0.20; P = .33). However, there was a higher rate of reintervention at 1 year in the endovascular group (0% vs 6%; OR, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.03-0.96; P = .04).ConclusionsTEVAR carries lower in-hospital mortality and provides satisfactory perioperative outcomes compared with open repair in traumatic ruptured thoracic aorta. It also provides a favorable 1-year survival at the expense of higher reintervention rates.     

Impact of proximal seal zone length and intramural hematoma on clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling after thoracic endovascular aortic repair for aortic dissections

Objective

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has become standard treatment of complicated type B aortic dissections (TBADs). Whereas adequate proximal seal is a fundamental requisite for TEVAR, what constitutes “adequate” in dissections and its impact on outcomes remain unclear. The goal of this study was to describe the proximal seal zone achieved with associated clinical outcomes and aortic remodeling.

A population-based analysis of endovascular aortic stent graft therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis

BackgroundEndovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) and thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) are effective and minimally invasive treatments for high-risk surgical candidates. However, information about the management of EVAR and TEVAR in liver cirrhosis (LC) is lacking. The aim of our study was to evaluate outcomes after EVAR and TEVAR in patients with LC.MethodsUsing Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we retrospectively evaluated patients who underwent EVAR and TEVAR therapy between January 1, 2006, and December 31, 2013.ResultsA total of 146 patients with LC and 730 matched patients without LC were eligible for analysis after propensity score matching. In-hospital mortality and perioperative complications were not statistically significantly different between the two cohorts, although the LC group had an increased volume of blood transfusion and a trend toward a lower survival rate (P of stratified Cox = .092). However, patients with LC had a higher adjusted hazard ratio for death (1.66; 95% confidence interval, 1.31-2.12; P < .001) in the sensitivity analysis by traditional multivariable adjustment. The LC cohort had a higher risk of liver-related death (4.1% vs 0.7%; P = .001) and liver-related readmission (6.2% vs 0.3%; P < .001). As expected, the advanced LC group had a higher mortality rate than the early LC group (P = .022). The risk for reintervention, redo open aortic surgery (P = .859), and redo stent graft therapy (P = .179) was not statistically significantly different between the two cohorts.ConclusionsShort-term results after EVAR and TEVAR are promising in patients with LC, despite poor long-term outcomes, because of the nature of LC. Innovations in endovascular therapy for aortic disease have improved surgical outcomes, even in high-risk patients with LC.     

Thoracic endovascular repair versus open surgical repair — which is the more cost-effective intervention for descending thoracic aortic pathologies?

Objective: Endovascular treatment is increasingly used to treat complicated aortic pathology. The aim of the study was to assess if compared with operative repair, thoracic endovascular repair of aorta (TEVAR) was associated with a cost benefit in management of diseases affecting the descending thoracic aorta. We also compared early and mid-term outcomes between the two groups. Methods: Clinical characteristics, outcomes and hospitalisation costs of 84 consecutive patients undergoing intervention for conditions affecting the descending thoracic aorta were reviewed retrospectively. Hospitalisation costs were calculated from National Health Service (NHS) reference costs for staff time, consumables, transfusion and length of stay. Results: Apart from a higher frequency of acute type B dissection (16/45 vs 5/39, p = 0.047) in the TEVAR group, the baseline characteristics were similar. TEVAR was associated with significant reductions in morbidity (renal dysfunction 11 (31%) vs 5 (10%) p = 0.025; in-hospital death 7 (20%) vs 3 (6%), p = 0.03; median intensive therapy unit (ITU) stay 6 (3–11) vs 1 (1–4), p < 0.0001). TEVAR was associated with significantly increased procedural costs (£2468 (€2961) vs £9581 (€11495) p ≤ 0.0001). This was chiefly attributable to the cost of endovascular stents. There was no significant difference in overall hospitalisation costs. TEVAR was associated with significantly lower freedom from death or re-operation (log rank p = 0.048). Conclusions: TEVAR is associated with reduced morbidity and mortality in the short term. However, no cost benefit was seen with TEVAR even in the short term. In the long term, due to increased risk of re-interventions TEVAR may actually prove to be a more expensive therapeutic option.     

Endovascular treatment of the dissected proximal aortic arch: a systematic review

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESSurgical repair of aortic dissection involving the proximal aortic arch is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, in particular when elderly high-risk patients are concerned. Endovascular treatments for this disease are under evaluation and some reports exist. We investigated the current use of catheter-based treatments for the dissected proximal aortic arch repair. METHODSWe searched in PubMed and MEDLINE databases up to the end of June 2020 for studies on endovascular treatment of the dissected proximal aortic arch. Data on demographic, procedure and stent graft (SG) details, access route, mortality with cause of death, complications and follow-up were extracted. A systematic review on the employed technology, procedure and outcome was performed.RESULTSA total number of 15 articles (13 retrospective reports and 2 case reports) were deemed eligible and were included in the study. In total, 140 patients (mean age: 56.7 years in 106 cases) received endovascular treatments for the dissected proximal aortic arch (unspecific aortic dissection: 14; acute and subacute type A aortic dissection: 88; chronic type A aortic dissection: 23; type B aortic dissection with retrograde type A dissection: 15). The procedure strategy included unspecific thoracic endovascular aorta repair (TEVAR) (n = 8), TEVAR + supra-aortic debranching (n = 2), TEVAR + cervical bypass (n = 8), TEVAR + periscope SG (n = 12), TEVAR + chimney graft (n = 8), TEVAR + branched SG (n = 21) and TEVAR + fenestration (n = 81). Procedural success rate was 95.6% for 116 reported cases. Complications included endoleaks (postoperative: 2; late: 5), stroke (n = 4), late SG-induced new entry (n = 3) and new false lumen formation (n = 1). Hospital mortality was 5% (6 cases) in 13 reports (120 patients). The mean follow-up time was 26.2 ± 29.4 months and 2 patients died during follow-up.CONCLUSIONSAs an alternative to surgery for high-risk patients with a dissected proximal aortic arch, the endovascular treatment seems to be promising in highly selected cases. Further studies with long-term results and specifically designed devices are required to standardize this approach.     

Actual incidence of cerebral infarction after thoracic endovascular aortic repair: a magnetic resonance imaging study

 Open in a separate windowOBJECTIVESThe actual incidence of cerebral infarction (CI), including asymptomatic infarction, owing to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) has not been reported in detail. This study was performed to investigate the incidence of post-TEVAR CI by using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) and to determine the risk factors for both symptomatic and asymptomatic CI.METHODSWe examined 64 patients undergoing TEVAR at our institute between April 2017 and November 2020. Aortic atheroma was graded from 1 to 5 by preoperative computed tomography. Cerebral DW-MRIs were conducted 2 days after the procedure to diagnose postoperative CI.RESULTSA total of 44 new foci were detected by post-interventional cerebral DW-MRI in 22 patients (34.4%). Only one patient developed a symptomatic stroke (1.6%), and TEVAR was successfully completed in all cases. Debranching of the aortic arch and left subclavian artery occlusion with a vascular plug was performed in 19 (29.7%) and 12 (18.8%) patients, respectively. The number of patients with proximal landing zones 0–2 was significantly higher in the CI group than in the non-CI group (68.2% vs 11.9%; P < 0.001). The following risk factors were identified for asymptomatic CI: aortic arch debranching (P < 0.001), left subclavian artery occlusion (P = 0.001) and grade 4/5 aortic arch atheroma (P = 0.048).CONCLUSIONSOver one-third of the patients examined by cerebral DW-MRI after TEVAR were diagnosed with CI. High-grade atheroma and TEVAR landing in zone 0–2 were found to be positively associated with asymptomatic CI.Clinical trial registration02-014.     

Outcomes of single physician-modified fenestrated stent grafts for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch

OBJECTIVESOur goal was to evaluate the outcomes of fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair of thoracic aortic lesions involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts.Open in a separate windowMETHODSThis single-centre, retrospective study included 58 consecutive patients (mean age, 57 ± 14 years; 11 women) who underwent fenestrated thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch using single physician-modified stent grafts between November 2015 and December 2018. Indications included complicated acute type B dissection or intramural haematoma with an unfavourable proximal landing zone (n = 49), type Ia endoleak subsequent to thoracic endovascular aortic repair due to acute type B dissection (n = 1) and distal arch degenerative aneurysms <15 mm from the left subclavian artery (n = 8).RESULTSThe technical success rate was 94.8%. The 30-day mortality was 1.7%, and the perioperative ischaemic stroke rate was 1.7%. The incidence of perioperative complications was 10.3%. At a mean follow-up of 26.3 months (range, 7–44), all target vessels were patent. All-cause mortality was 5.2%. Estimated 1-, 2- and 3-year survival was 98.3 ± 1.7%, 96.4 ± 2.5% and 93.2 ± 3.9%, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe single fenestrated stent graft technique is feasible and effective for endovascular repair of thoracic aortic pathologies involving the distal aortic arch.     

Outcomes of open repairs of chronic distal aortic dissection anatomically amenable to endovascular repairs

ObjectiveTo review short-term outcomes and long-term survival and durability after open surgical repairs for chronic distal aortic dissections in patients whose anatomy was amenable to thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR).MethodsBetween February 1991 and August 2017, we repaired chronic distal dissections in 697 patients. Of those patients, we enrolled 427 with anatomy amenable to TEVAR, which included 314 descending thoracic aortic aneurysms (DTAAs) and 105 extent I thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs). One hundred eighty-five patients (44%) had a history of type A dissection, and 33 (7.9%) had a previous DTAA/TAAA repair. Variables were assessed with logistic regression for 30-day mortality and Cox regression for long-term mortality. Time-to-event analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier methods.ResultsThirty-day mortality was 8.4% (n = 36). In all, 22 patients (5.2%) developed motor deficit (paraplegia/paraparesis), and 17 (4.0%) experienced stroke. Multivariable analysis identified low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; <60 mL/min/1.73 m²), previous DTAA/TAAA repair, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) as associated with 30-day mortality. Patients without all 3 risk factors had a 30-day mortality rate of 2.6%. During a median follow-up of 6.5 years, 160 patients died. The survival rate was 81% at 1 year and 61% at 10 years. Cox regression analysis identified preoperative aortic rupture, eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m², previous DTAA/TAAA repair, COPD, and age >60 years as predictive of long-term mortality. Forty-five patients required subsequent aortic procedures, including 8 reinterventions to the treated segment. Freedom from any aortic procedures was 85% at 10 years, and aortic procedure-free survival was 45% at 10 years. Hereditary aortic disease was the sole predictor for any aortic interventions (hazard ratio, 3.2; P = .004).ConclusionsOpen surgical repair provided satisfactory low neurologic complication rates and durable repairs in chronic distal aortic dissection. Patients without low eGFR, redo, and COPD are the low-risk surgical candidates and may benefit from open surgical repair at centers with similar experience to ours. Patients with hereditary aortic disease warrant close surveillance.     

Previous thoracic aortic repair is not associated with adverse outcomes after thoracic endovascular aortic repair

BackgroundAs many as 20% of patients who have undergone previous thoracic aortic repair will require reintervention, which could entail thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). A paucity of data is available on mortality and the incidence of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) and other postoperative complications associated with TEVAR after previous aortic repairs exclusive to the thoracic aorta. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of previous thoracic aortic repair on the 30-day mortality and SCI outcomes for patients after TEVAR.MethodsThe Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative database was queried for all cases of TEVAR from 2012 to 2018. Patients were excluded if they had undergone previous abdominal aortic repair, the TEVAR had extended beyond aortic zone 5, or SCI data were missing. The 3 cohorts compared were TEVAR with previous ascending aortic or aortic arch repair (group 1), TEVAR with previous descending thoracic aortic repair (group 2), and TEVAR without previous repair (group 3). The primary outcomes of interest were 30-day mortality and SCI. The secondary outcomes included stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiac complications, respiratory complications, postoperative length of stay, and reintervention. The patient variables were compared using χ² tests, analysis of variance, or Kruskal-Wallis tests, as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the predictors of 30-day mortality and SCI.ResultsA total of 4010 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 470 in group 1, 132 in group 2, and 3408 in group 3. The 30-day mortality was 4% (19 of 470) in group 1, 6% (8 of 132) in group 2, and 6% (213 of 3408) in group 3 (P = .17). The incidence of SCI was 3% (14 of 470) in group 1, 3% (4 of 132) in group 2, and 3.8% (128 of 3408) in group 3 (P = .65). Stroke, reintervention, myocardial infarction, and cardiac complications were not significantly different among the 3 groups. The incidence of respiratory complications was greatest for group 3 (11%; 360 of 3408) compared with groups 1 (9%; 44 of 470) and 2 (4%; 5 of 132; P = .034). Similarly, the postoperative length of stay was longest for group 3 (9.6 ± 19.4 days vs 8.2 ± 18.3 days for group 1 and 5.9 ± 8.6 days for group 2; P = .038). The independent predictors of 30-day mortality for all TEVAR patients included units of packed red blood cells transfused intraoperatively, urgent or emergent repairs, older age, increasing serum creatinine level, inability to perform self-care, total procedure time, occlusion of the left subclavian artery intraoperatively, distal endograft landing zone 5, and diabetes. The predictors of SCI included the total procedure time, urgent and emergent repairs, and increasing serum creatinine level.ConclusionsTEVAR after previous thoracic aortic repair was not associated with an increased risk of SCI or 30-day mortality compared with TEVAR without previous aortic repair.     

原位针刺开窗在保留左锁骨下动脉的胸主动脉腔内修复术中的应用

背景与目的 近年来,笔者所在单位采用原位针刺开窗技术行保留左锁骨下动脉（LSA）的胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）治疗胸主动脉疾病,取得较好的临床效果,本研究通过总结相关数据分析该方法应用的安全性和有效性。方法 回顾性分析2017年2月—2019年12月25例胸主动脉疾病行原位针刺开窗技术保留LSA的TEVAR术患者临床资料。其中男22例（88%）,女3例（12%）;年龄45~68岁,平均（62.1±11.2）岁。结果 25例患者中,24例患者（96%）取得了技术上的成功。所有的患者在30 d内均未发生围术期重大不良事件。术后均获得随访,随访时间6~31个月,中位随访时间13个月,所有的II、III和IV型内漏在中位随访13个月时消失,期间主体支架及分支支架形态良好,无明显狭窄或移位。结论 原位针刺开窗在行保留LSA的TEVAR术治疗胸主动脉疾病是可行和有效的,且短期随访较为满意。     

TEVAR后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的外科治疗

背景与目的 主动脉食管瘘（AEF）是一种相对罕见的疾病,通常危及生命。尽管胸主动脉腔内修复术（TEVAR）已成为治疗胸主动脉瘤、胸主动脉夹层的一种成熟手术策略,但TEVAR后继发性AEF更为棘手。笔者报告7例该疾病的治疗方式和结果。方法 回顾性分析2018—2021年间收治的7例TEVAR后继发性AEF合并移植物感染患者的临床资料。所有7例患者均接受了介入或手术治疗,其中4例患者施行了开放手术治疗,即：非体外循环下升主动脉－腹主动脉解剖外人工血管旁路术、感染移植物及感染灶切除术、食管瘘口旷置引流术;2例患者施行了TEVAR;1例患者分期施行了TEVAR和开放手术。结果 一期和分期施行开放手术治疗的5例患者,2例痊愈出院,3例死亡。单纯施行TEVAR的2例患者,计划待抗感染、营养支持后限期施行开放手术,治疗期间死亡。结论 因感染移植物及感染灶的存在,保守治疗或单纯行TEVAR往往无法使患者获得救治。虽然开放手术病死率较高,但在条件允许时,清除感染灶及移植物,并进行解剖外主动脉重建及食管瘘旷置引流,是治疗TEVAR术后移植物感染合并主动脉食管瘘的合理策略。     

Thoracic endovascular repair for acute complicated type B aortic dissections

Objective

This study retrospectively assessed in-hospital mortality and long-term results of emergency thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for patients with life-threatening acute complicated type B aortic dissection (acTBD).

Fascial suture technique versus open femoral access for thoracic endovascular aortic repair

Background

Fascial suture technique (FST) has proved to be a safe and effective access closure technique after endovascular repair of the abdominal aorta. FST has not yet been investigated for closure of large-bore access after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR). The aim of this study was to compare FST with open femoral access in terms of access safety, hemostasis efficacy, and reintervention rate after TEVAR.

Thirty-day outcomes from the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B dissection project

Objective

The purpose of the Society for Vascular Surgery Vascular Quality Initiative thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) for dissection project is to assess the effectiveness of TEVAR for type B dissection by evaluation in a prospective quality improvement registry. Here we describe the project cohort and 30-day outcomes of TEVAR for both acute dissection (AD) and chronic dissection (CD) patients and focus specifically on outcomes of uncomplicated AD patients based on timing of treatment.