膝下血管成形术治疗重症肢体缺血的临床疗效

目的评价膝下经皮腔内血管成形术(PTA)治疗重症肢体缺血(CLI)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析48例(50条患肢)接受膝下PTA治疗的下肢CLI患者,统计PTA的技术成功率、围术期并发症、PTA术后的缺血症状缓解情况、治疗血管的通畅情况和大截肢情况。结果共针对64条膝下动脉施行PTA,技术成功率为85.94%(55/64);围术期并发症发生率为12.50%(6/48)。平均随访(16.25±2.65)个月;PTA术后1、3、6、12、24、36个月的1期血管通畅率分别为92.0%、85.7%、79.0%、75.8%、59.8%、29.9%;保肢率分别为92.0%、92.0%、89.7%、86.4%、82.1%、72.9%。50条患肢中,1、3、6个月时的缺血症状缓解率分别为42.00%(21/50)、70.21%(33/47)和86.36%(38/44)。结论膝下PTA治疗CLI技术可行,安全性高,能有效缓解CLI的静息痛症状、促进肢体溃疡的愈合,避免大截肢的发生。     

Comparison of outcomes for balloon angioplasty,atherectomy, and stenting in the treatment of infrapopliteal disease for chronic limb-threatening ischemia

ObjectiveWe evaluated limb salvage (LS), amputation-free survival (AFS), and target extremity reintervention (TER) after plain old balloon angioplasty (POBA), stenting, and atherectomy for treatment of infrapopliteal disease (IPD) with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI).MethodsAll index peripheral vascular interventions for IPD and CLTI were identified from the Vascular Quality Initiative registry. Of the multilevel procedures, the peripheral vascular intervention type was indexed to the infrapopliteal segment. Propensity score matching was used to control for baseline differences between groups. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression were used to calculate and compare LS and AFS.ResultsThe 3-year LS for stenting vs POBA was 87.6% vs 81.9% (P = .006) but was not significant on Cox regression analysis (hazard ratio [HR], 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.56-0.76; P = .08). AFS was superior for stenting vs POBA (78.1% vs 69.5%; P = .001; HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.60-0.90; P = .003). LS was similar for POBA and atherectomy (81.9% vs 84.8%; P = .11) and for stenting and atherectomy (87.6% vs 84.8%; P = .23). The LS rate after propensity score matching for POBA vs stenting was 83.4% vs 88.2% (P = .07; HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.50-1.017; P = .062). The AFS rate for stenting vs POBA was 78.8% vs 69.4% (P = .005; HR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.54-0.89; P = .005). No significant differences were found between stenting and atherectomy (P = .21 for atherectomy; and P = .34 for POBA). The need for TER did not differ across the groups but the interval to TER was significantly longer for stenting than for POBA or atherectomy (stenting vs POBA, 12.8 months vs 7.7 months; P = .001; stenting vs atherectomy, 13.5 months vs 6.8 months; P < .001).ConclusionsStenting and atherectomy had comparable LS and AFS for patients with IPD and CLTI. However, stenting conferred significant benefits for AFS compared with POBA but atherectomy did not. Furthermore, the interval to TER was nearly double for stenting compared with POBA or atherectomy. These factors should be considered when determining the treatment strategy for this challenging anatomic segment.     

膝下动脉球囊血管成形术治疗重症下肢缺血的临床研究

目的 评价膝下动脉闭塞首选球囊血管成形术的临床治疗效果.方法 2005年12月至2009年5月,对于连续收治且符合手术指征的54例(61条肢体)膝下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞的重症下肢缺血患者,采用膝下动脉球囊血管成形术进行治疗.其中男性37例,女性17例,平均年龄66岁.术前踝肱指数平均0.43±0.27.根据病变部位选择手术方法,膝下动脉病变首选球囊血管成形术,合并髂股动脉病变同时进行血管重建(支架置入或动脉旁路术).结果 髂股动脉重建(28条肢体行支架置入,5条肢体行动脉旁路术)均一期成功.膝下动脉球囊血管成形术57条肢体获得一期成功,技术成功率93.4%.围手术期主要并发症为小腿血肿3例(4.9%),膝下截肢2例(3.3%).术后踝肱指数增加至0.86±0.21,与术前相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).本组平均随访时间(16±11)个月,一期通畅率61.1%,21条肢体发生再狭窄(38.9%),其中10条肢体再次接受外科干预,二期通畅率75.9%.截肢3条肢体,总的救肢率91.8%.结论 球囊血管成形术是治疗重症下肢缺血安全有效的方法,可以作为膝下动脉病变首选的外科干预手段.     

Meta-analysis of infrapopliteal angioplasty for chronic critical limb ischemia

BACKGROUND: Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty has been used with increasing frequency in the treatment of infrainguinal arterial occlusive disease. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the middle-term outcomes after crural angioplasty in patients with chronic critical limb ischemia and compare results with a meta-analysis of popliteal-to-distal vein bypass graft. METHODS: Data were retrieved from 30 articles published from 1990 through 2006 (63% of articles published between 2000 and 2006). All studies used survival analysis, reported a 12-month cumulative rate of patency or limb salvage, and included at least 15 infrapopliteal angioplasties. The outcome measures were immediate technical success, primary and secondary patency, limb salvage, and patient survival. Data from life-tables, survival curves, and texts were used. RESULTS: The pooled estimate of success was 89.0% +/- 2.2% for immediate technical result. Results at 1 and 36 months were 77.4% +/- 4.1% and 48.6% +/- 8.0% for primary patency, 83.3% +/- 1.4% and 62.9% +/- 11.0% for secondary patency, 93.4% +/- 2.3% and 82.4% +/- 3.4% for limb salvage, and 98.3% +/- 0.7% and 68.4% +/- 5.5% for patient survival, respectively. Studies with >75% of the limbs with tissue loss fared worse than their respective comparative subgroup for technical success and patency but not for limb salvage or survival. No publication bias was detected. CONCLUSION: The technical success and subsequent durability of crural angioplasty are limited compared with bypass surgery, but the clinical benefit is acceptable because limb salvage rates are equivalent to bypass surgery. Further studies are necessary to determine the proper role of infrapopliteal angioplasty.     

The Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index predicts amputation after infrapopliteal angioplasty in critical limb ischemia patients

ObjectiveTo validate the Critical Limb Ischemia Frailty Index (CLIFI), and to identify independent predictors of 2-year amputation-free survival after infrapopliteal endovascular treatment for chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) in Thai patients.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted during the June 2014 to February 2017 study period. CLTI patients treated with infrapopliteal angioplasty were enrolled and analyzed. A patient was defined as CLIFI positive if two or more of the following criteria were present: Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) < 89.8, low skeletal muscle mass index (<6.87 kg/m² in males, and <5.46 kg/m² in females), and/or non-ambulatory status. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to assess 2-year amputation-free survival (AFS), and comparisons were performed using log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze for significant and independent association, respectively, between preoperative characteristics and AFS.ResultsA total of 266 patients and 286 limbs were included. Forty (15.0%) patients were CLIFI positive, and 226 (85.0%) patients were CLIFI negative. The 2-year amputation-free survival rate was 90.3% in the CLIFI positive group, and 86.6% in the CLIFI negative group (p = 0.59). Multivariate analysis revealed the GNRI to be an independent risk factor for amputation within two years after infrapopliteal revascularization (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.87, 95% confidence interval: 1.20–19.70; p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe GNRI was found to independently predict 2-year amputation after infrapopliteal angioplasty in Thai CLTI patients; however, the CLIFI was not found to significantly predict 2-year amputation in this patient population.     

小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗下肢远端严重肢体缺血28例报告

目的 观察小球囊扩张远端血管对膝下缺血性病变导致的下肢远端严重肢体缺血（critical limb ischemia,CLI）的疗效。方法 2005年10月～2006年4月对28例膝下动脉狭窄或闭塞使用小口径球囊（直径≤3 mm）进行介入治疗。结果 成功对85条病变血管进行球囊扩张,无严重并发症。20例有效,6例显效,有效率92.8%（26/28）,2例无效,其中1例术后2个月病情恶化行膝下截肢。术后3个月总有效率78.6%（22/28）,踝/肱指数（ABI）由术前0.27±0.24升高为术后3 d 0.65±0.38（t=10.559,P=0.000）;术后3个月未发现治疗血管再狭窄〉50%。结论 小口径球囊经皮腔内血管成形术治疗膝下血管病变导致的下肢远端严重缺血近期疗效确切,远期疗效尚待观察。     

斑块旋切联合药物涂层球囊在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中应用的现状及研究进展

下肢动脉硬化闭塞症（ASO）是中、老年人的常见病和多发病,且发病率呈逐年升高趋势。腔内治疗以微创、安全、有效、恢复快等优势,已成为ASO治疗的首选。近年,腔内减容（leave nothing behind）理念的提出以及腔内器具的快速更新,使得ASO的治疗有了全新的发展方向。以药物涂层球囊（DCB）的应用为代表的腔内血管成形术和新兴的腔内减容术是近年来ASO腔内治疗发展的热点。斑块旋切术（DA）作为ASO腔内减容治疗的重要技术,联合DCB治疗,能够在扩大管腔容积基础上,应用抗细胞增殖药物持续抑制内膜增生,从而最大程度提高中远期管腔通畅率。两者联合应用可能是目前治疗下肢ASO的最优策略,也将是未来10年最具发展潜力的主要措施之一。笔者基于DA技术和DCB的特点对两者联合治疗下肢ASO,如股腘动脉硬化闭塞、膝下动脉硬化病变、下肢动脉跨关节病变及支架内再狭窄等的应用现状和研究进展进行综述。     

腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血的血供重建

目的 评价腘以远动脉闭塞所致下肢严重缺血(critical limb ischemia,CLI)的血供重建.方法 回顾性分析2003年12月至2009年1月,腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI行经皮血管腔内成形(percutaneous transluminal angioplasty,PTA)和开放性重建(open reconstruction,OR)术的患者,详细记录患者的病史、病变特点、手术过程、并发症和随访信息.采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析重建血管通畅率和救肢率.结果 本组腘以远动脉闭塞所致CLI患者共167例,182条患肢.123条动脉硬化闭塞(arterios-clerosis occlusions,ASO)的患肢行腘以远动脉PTA治疗,33条血栓闭塞性脉管炎(thromboangiitis obliterans,TAO)和23条ASO患肢行腘以远动脉OR手术.PTA再管化通道6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是67%、54%和49%,其救肢率分别是91%、85%和78%,OR术后移植物6、12、24个月的通畅率分别是90%、83%和79%,其救肢率分别是92%、87%和80%,PTA重建血管的通畅率低于开放性手术(P＜0.05),但PTA和OR术的救肢率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 对腘以远动脉ASO的CLI患者,PTA有效、安全,可作为首选治疗方式.PTA治疗失败可选择OR术.对TAO患者腘以远动脉闭塞者OR术仍是最好的治疗选择.

Abstract：

Objective To assess reconstructive options for critical limb ischaemia in infrapopliteal arteries. Methods A retrospective review of all CLI patients who underwent infrapopliteal reconstruction was carried out. Patient history, demographics, procedure details, complications, and follow-up information were collected and analyzed. Patency, limb salvage rate was determined by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results During the period (from December 2003 to January 2008 ), 123 CLI patients with arteriosclerosis occlusions were treated on an intention-to-treat basis with infrapopliteal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA).Thirty-three thromboangiitis obliterans and twenty-three arteriosclerosis occlusions suffering CLI were treated by infrapopliteal bypass procedures. Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA at 6, 12 and 24 months was 67%, 54%, 49% and 91%, 85%, 78% respectively, Primary patency and limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal surgical bypass at 6, 12 and 24 months was 90%, 83%, 79% and 92%,87%, 80% respectively, the patency of infrapopliteal PTA was lower than infrapopliteal surgical bypass (P ＜0. 01 ), but the limb salvage rate of infrapopliteal PTA and open surgery was no significant difference (P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Endovascular treatment (PTA) in patients with infrapopliteal arteriosclerosis occlusions and critical ischaemia is safe, effective. Infrapopliteal PTA can be used as the choice of therapy and surgical bypass reserved in those endovascular treatment failed. While in CLI patients with thromboangiitis obliterans infrapopliteal artery bypass remains the best treatment option.     

Excimer laser atherectomy combined with drug-coated balloon versus drug-eluting balloon angioplasty for the treatment of infrapopliteal arterial revascularization in ischemic diabetic foot: 24-month outcomes

Lasers in Medical Science - There are few studies on excimer laser (308&nbsp;nm) atherectomy in the treatment of&nbsp;infrapopliteal artery disease. The purpose of this retrospective...     

经皮腔内血管成形术血运重建治疗糖尿病严重肢体缺血

目的探讨膝下动脉经皮腔内血管成形术治疗糖尿病患者严重肢体缺血（CLI）的疗效。方法2006年10月2007年10月对21例糖尿病严重肢体缺血患者采用DEEP球囊行膝下动脉成形术。结果对69条病变血管进行球囊扩张，支架植入12枚，PTA成功率82．61％（57／69），其中2例术后行高位截肢，其余有效。结论经皮腔内血管成形术血运重建可作为治疗糖尿病严重肢体缺血患者的首选治疗方法。     

膝下动脉支架成形术治疗严重下肢缺血

目的 探讨膝下动脉支架成形术治疗严重下肢缺血的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾性分析13例严重下肢缺血患者的临床资料.男10例,女3例,平均年龄(73±7)岁,平均病程(8±4)个月.下肢间歇性跛行5例,静息痛4例,足趾溃疡2例,坏疽2例.5例支架放于胫腓干动脉,3例于腓动脉近段,2例于胫腓干动脉和近段腓动脉,2例于胫前动脉,1例胫后动脉.2例为单纯小腿动脉支架成形,余11例患者均同时采用介入技术处理了股动脉和(或)胭动脉病变.结果 所有患者手术均获得成功.出院时所有患者再通血管保持通畅.跛行距离均增至500米以上,4例静息痛全部缓解,2例足趾溃疡面积均有所缩小,2例坏疽保持干燥出院,术后踝肱指数(ABI)均有增加.所有患者得到随访,平均随访时间(6.9±2.2)个月.l例下肢坏疽患者的症状6个月后复发(其胫前动脉支架仍然保持通畅)而截肢,坏疽的另外1例患者的第2趾脱落,创面愈合.2例溃疡面愈合,静息痛无复发.结论 膝下动脉支架成形术是治疗严重下肢缺血的安全有效方法.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty alone versus stent placement for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis

PurposeThe purposes of this retrospective study were to assess the efficacy of endovascular techniques for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS) by analyzing technical and clinical success and to compare the results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone to those of stenting.Materials and methodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 31 patients who underwent endovascular treatment for TRAS between January 2012 and December 2017. There were 23 men and 8 women with a mean age of 60.5 ± 14 (SD) years (range: 24–81 years). Ten patients (10/31; 32%; 8 men, 2 women; median age, 63 years) were treated with PTA alone and 21/31 (68%; 15 men, 6 women; median age, 65 years) with metallic stent placement. Several variables including serum creatinine level, glomerular filtration rate, arterial blood pressure value, antihypertensive medication obtained before and after treatment were compared. Technical success was assessed for each procedure. Clinical success was defined as a 15% drop in serum creatinine level, a decrease greater than 15% in mean blood pressure values or a decrease greater than 10% in mean blood pressure values with a reduction in the number of antihypertensive drugs needed for hypertension control.ResultsTechnical success was obtained in all patients [31/31; 100%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 89–100%] and clinical success in 27/31 patients (87%; 95%CI: 71–95%). Four patients (4/31; 13%; 95%CI: 5–29%) underwent repeat endovascular intervention. Mean serum creatinine level and mean arterial blood pressure values were significantly lower after treatment (177.4 and 93.8 μmol/l, respectively) compared to before treatment (319.4 and 106.7 μmol/l, respectively) in the stent group but not in the group treated with PTA alone (P = 0.0012 and P = 0.002, respectively).ConclusionThe endovascular approach is safe and effective in the management of TRAS and stenting, depending on the morphology of the stenosis, should be the treatment of choice when possible.     

腔内斑块切除在缺乏流出道的股腘动脉狭窄病变中的应用

目的:探讨腔内斑块切除治疗缺乏流出道的股腘动脉狭窄病变的疗效。方法:2014年7月—2015年6月笔者对所在单位21例以重度间歇跛行为主要症状、缺乏远端流出道的股腘动脉狭窄患者进行腔内斑块切除术,并进行随访。结果:与术前比较,患者术后3、6、12个月跛行距离均明显且逐渐增加(均P0.05);术后2d与3、6、12个月踝肱指数均明显增加(均P0.05);术后3个月无靶血管再狭窄,术后6个月发现靶血管再狭窄1例(1/21),术后12个月发现靶血管再狭窄2例(2/21),均为中度再狭窄。结论:腔内斑块切除术治疗缺乏流出道的股腘动脉狭窄病变具有较好的近期疗效。     

Laser angioplasty versus balloon angioplasty: The need for imaging

The current state of clinical laser angioplasty is reviewed. Compared to balloon dilation at the beginning of the past decade, both peripheral and coronary laser angioplasty devices produce better results. Compared to current balloon angioplasty techniques, however, laser angioplasty does not seem to offer improved initial or long term results. Intravascular ultrasound imaging may help to improve laser ablation of atherosclerotic plaque. It remains to be established, however, whether precise debulking of the obstruction will result in a reduced restenosis rate compared to balloon angioplasty.     

TurboHawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊在治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病中的应用

目的:评价应用Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊(DCB)治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病的安全性和有效性。方法:2016年4月—2017年10月,对17例股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病患者应用Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合DCB治疗。17例患者平均年龄(66.9±10.5)岁;其中男14例,女3例;股腘动脉狭窄病变13例,闭塞性病变4例;术前Rutherford分级2~5级;术前踝肱指数(ABI)为0.49±0.18。结果:17例患者的血管病变全部经腔内开通成功,其中1例股动脉穿孔患者行补救性覆膜支架植入术,另1例远端栓塞患者经股动脉切开球囊导管取栓后血流恢复通畅,技术成功率88.2%。术后ABI为0.99±0.27,明显高于术前(P=0.03)。术后3、6个月一期通畅率分别为94.1%,88.2%,二期通畅率100%。结论:Turbo Hawk斑块切除系统联合药物涂层球囊治疗股腘动脉硬化闭塞性疾病安全有效,早期效果满意。     

直接斑块切除术治疗股腘动脉闭塞性病变

目的 评价SilverHawk直接斑块切除术治疗股腘动脉闭塞性病变的临床疗效及其安全性.方法 应用SilverHawk直接斑块切除术治疗11例下肢缺血共18个病变,其中完全闭塞9个,平均病变数(1.6±1.1)个,平均狭窄程度96%±14%,平均长度(3.4±2.2)cm.间歇性跛行4例(Rutherford分级:3),重症下肢缺血7例(Rutherford分级:4).按TASC(TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus)股腘动脉病变分型:B型7例,C型1例(支架内闭塞),D型3例.平均踝肱指数(ankle brachial index,ABI)0.5±0.4.除临床症状外,还采用彩超或CT血管成像(CT angiography,CTA)方法对管腔通畅情况进行评估随访.结果 9个完全闭塞病变均经腔内开通成功.其中1例(支架内闭塞)先行预扩,经过平均(8±3)min斑块切除后,18个病变管腔均技术成功(残余狭窄＜50%),平均残余狭窄15%±7%.临床症状均消失或明显改善;Rutherford分级:9例为0,2例为1;平均ABI1.07±0.12.平均随访(9±4)个月,Rutherford分级稳定无变化,平均ABI 0.93±0.14,管腔均通畅.结论 SilverHawk直接斑块切除术是治疗下肢缺血性病变的一种安全有效的新方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical safety and efficacy of SilverHawk directional atherectomy for femoropopliteal occlusive lesions. Methods Eighteen ischemia occlusive lesions in 11 patients of the lower extremity were treated with SilverHawk directional atherectomy. The mean lesion number was 1.6 ± 1. 1 per patient. The mean lesion length was ( 3.4 ± 2. 2 ) cm. The average degree of diameter stenosis was 96％ ± 14％. 9 lesions were totally occlusive. Clinical symptoms included claudication in 4 cases ( Rutherford classes: 3) and critical limb ischemia ( Rutherford classes: 4) in 7 cases. Lesions characteristics were divided by TASC classification: TASC B in 7 cases; TASC C in 1 case (in-stent occlusion); TASC D in 3 cases. Mean ABI was 0. 5± 0.4. Patency was evaluated with color duplex sonography or CTA besides clinical examination during follow-up. Results Nine totally occlusive lesions were recanalizated successfully via intraluminal approach. 18 lesions achieved technical success (residual stenosis ＜50％ ) leaving 15％ ±7％ mean residual stenosis in mean (8 ±3)min, predilation was needed in one lesion ( in-stent occlusion) prior to atherectomy. Clinical symptoms improved or disappeared with mean ABI 1.07 ±0. 12 and Rutherford grades: 0 (n =9) and 1 (n =2). Patency rate was 100％ with mean 0. 93 ± 0. 14 ABI and Rutherford grades remain unchanged after follow-up of mean ( 9 ± 4 ) monthes.Conclusions SilverHawk directional atherectomy is safe and effective for the treatment of lower extremity ischemia.     

Clinical outcomes of bypass-first versus endovascular-first strategy in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia due to infrageniculate arterial disease

Background

Chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI), defined as ischemic rest pain or tissue loss secondary to arterial insufficiency, is caused by multilevel arterial disease with frequent, severe infrageniculate disease. The rise in CLTI is in part the result of increasing worldwide prevalence of diabetes, renal insufficiency, and advanced aging of the population. The aim of this study was to compare a bypass-first with an endovascular-first revascularization strategy in patients with CLTI due to infrageniculate arterial disease.