Usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in biliary structures in infants: a four-case report

In this paper, we report the usefulness of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in excluding biliary atresia (BA) as the cause of neonatal cholestasis. MRCP with a 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging unit was performed on four jaundiced neonates and infants aged from 38 days to 106 days. The diagnosis of BA (n=2) was confirmed with surgery, liver biopsy and surgical cholangiography. Diagnosis of neonatal hepatitis (NH, n=2) was confirmed with clinical follow-up until jaundice resolved, while one of them was diagnosed with surgical cholangiography. In all discoloured acholic stools, increased direct bilirubin (4.4–11.3 mg/dl) with positive lipoprotein X prompted technetium ^99mTc disofenin scanning, which showed no excretion. Computed tomography (CT) showed a gallbladder in one with hepatitis but no intrahepatic bile duct in two with BA. The Kasai operation was performed in two patients with BA. In two patients with BA, neither the common bile duct nor the common hepatic ducts were visible at MRCP. In two patients with NH, MRCP clearly depicted both the common hepatic and the common bile ducts. MRCP was accurate in excluding BA as the cause of neonatal cholestasis, while ^99mTc disofenin cholescintigraphic findings were false-positive in two patients with non-obstructive cholestasis. We conclude that MRCP can be used to depict the major biliary structures of neonates and small infants and to exclude BA as the cause of neonatal cholestasis by allowing visualisation of the biliary tract.     

胆道闭锁胆汁成分与预后的关系研究

目的 探讨胆道闭锁术中胆汁成分变化与预后的关系。方法 本组对62例BA患儿在Kasai术中收集从肝门流出的胆汁,以25例胆总管囊肿患儿术中收集的胆汁作为对照组。采用全自动生化仪检测胆汁中总蛋白(TP)、胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆固醇(CHO)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰胺转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的浓度。术后随访2～16个月,随访内容有黄疸消退时间,术后血生化,术后胆管炎发生情况及术后1年存活情况。结果 BA组胆汁中ALT(210.13±127.75) U/L、GGT(319.03±206.73) U/L、TP(45.86±18.16)g/L、CHO (0.08±(0.04) mmol/L浓度显著高于对照组,ALT:(69.39±44.55) U/L; GGT:(73.22±99.29)U/L; TP:(21.78±15.36)g/L; CHO:(0.02±0.03) mmol/L(P＜0.05); BA组胆汁中TBA( 189.81±107.81) μmol/L和DBIL (61.31±25.53 )μmol/L浓度显著低于对照组TBA:(735.06±199.75)μmol/L; DBIL:(90.43±27.18)μmol/L(P=0.000和P=0.035)。术前肝功能较好组胆汁中ALT(86.24±65.63) U/L、AST(801.64±516.50) U/L和GGT (205.82±112.25) U/L 浓度显著低于术前肝功能较差组,ALT:(244.67±175.69) U/L; AST:(1409.52±927.05) U/L;GGT:(362.05±235.57)U/L(P＜0.05);术前肝功能较好组胆汁中TBA (346.04±279.33)μmol/L 浓度显著高于术前肝功能较差组(192.47±93.55)μmbl/L(P=0.029)。术后3个月黄疸消退者胆汁TBA显著高于未消退者(251.18±131.83)μmol/L比(121.43±80.42) μmol/L,(P=0.007);术后3个月黄疸消退者胆汁DBIL(72.08±32.51 )μmol/L显著高于未消退者(40.22±23.47) μmol/L (P=0.022)。术后1年存活者胆汁TBA浓度较术后1年死亡者显著增高(258.63±105.63)μmol/L比(110.63±46.08) μmol/L,P= 0.015）;术后1年存活者胆汁ALT浓度较术后1年死亡者显著降低(8.72±8.83)U/L比(95.15±44.18)U/L,P=0.048。结论 BA术中胆汁成分与预后有明显的关系,胆汁中TBA较高、DBIL较高的BA患儿术后3个月黄疸消退较好;胆汁中TBA较高、ALT较低的BA患儿术后1年存活情况较好。胆汁TBA和ALT浓度可作为评价BA短期预后和中期预后的可靠指标。     

磁共振胆胰管成像在小儿胆道疾病诊断中的价值

目的 探讨磁共振胆胰管成像（MRCP）在小儿胆道疾病诊断中的实用价值。方法 用TOSIBA VISART，1.5T（磁场强度）磁共振机及相关软件和技术，检查新生儿肝炎1例，肝外胆道闭锁1例，胆总管囊性扩张8例，胆道术后腹痛2例。结果 新生儿肝炎者因麻醉欠佳而检查失败，肝外胆道闭锁者呈盲管状的胆总管及2级肝管可辨；8例胆总管囊性扩张者均可见肝外胆道及3级肝管、胰管及其立体构型；2例胆道术后腹痛者均查出病因。结论 MRCP同样适合小儿胆胰疾病的诊断，具有易施行、无放射、无创伤、无并发症，且图像清晰，可多方位显示自然状态下的胆管树三维构型，尤为适合不宜行胆道造影术的病例。     

Comparison technetium of Tc-99m disofenin cholescintigraphy with ultrasonography in the differentiation of biliary atresia from other forms of neonatal jaundice

Technetium Tc-99m disofenin cholescintigraphy (CS) and ultrasonography (US) are two major clinical methods used in differentiating biliary atresia (BA) from neonatal jaundice. To compare the diagnostic utility of these two modalities, 66 patients with neonatal cholestasis (15 BA, 3 choledochal cyst (CC), 32 neonatal hepatitis, 13 prolonged jaundice, 2 total parenteral nutrition, and 1 sepsis) underwent Tc-99m disofenin CS and US. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of CS in differentiating BA from other forms of neonatal jaundice was 100%, 87.5%, and 90.5%, respectively, and for US 86.7%, 77.1%, and 79.4%, respectively. Tc-99m disofenin CS after premedication with phenobarbital and cholestyramine is a convenient and reliable method of differentiating BA from neonatal hepatitis, with a diagnostic accuracy superior to that of US. However, US is the initial imaging procedure of choice in patients presenting with jaundice to rule out anatomic anomalies such as CC.     

类似胆总管囊肿的胆总管横纹肌肉瘤：阻塞性黄疸的罕见原因

肝外胆道肿瘤罕见,其中以横纹肌肉瘤最常见。横纹肌肉瘤是一种软组织恶性肌肉骨骼肿瘤,是儿童非常罕见的一种胆总管恶性肿瘤。它通常表现为阻塞性黄疸和/或瘙痒。如果肿瘤没有局部浸润邻近组织,其影像学表现则类似胆总管囊肿。因此,确诊通常是在手术时或术前通过活检。早期诊断、与胆总管囊肿鉴别、尽早开始治疗对延长患者生存时间有重要意义。该文报道1例10岁男童,反复阻塞性黄疸和发热,术前诊断为胆总管囊肿,术后确诊为胆总管胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤。经手术切除、术后化疗,该患儿预后良好。故必须了解这种罕见的肿瘤可以类似先天性胆总管囊肿,并且在儿童阻塞性黄疸的鉴别诊断时应加以考虑。     

脑腱黄瘤病1例病例报告并文献复习

目的 报道1例婴儿期确诊的脑腱黄瘤病（CTX）并文献复习,以期早期识别该病,提高胆汁淤积性疾病的认识。方法 报道1例2月龄以胆汁淤积性黄疸起病的CTX患儿的临床特征、实验室检查、尿胆汁酸质谱分析和CYP27A1基因检测结果。系统检索文献并复习已报道的类似病例,总结CTX的临床特征。结果 2月龄女婴,因“生后1周皮肤黄染”入院。血生化提示胆汁淤积性黄疸、血清TBA正常至轻度升高、GGT和TCH轻度升高,胆道探查除外胆道闭锁。尿胆汁酸质谱分析提示固醇-27-羟化酶活性缺乏,CYP27A1基因检测到致病的复合杂合突变：p.R127W(c.379C＞C/T )和p.Q116X（c.346C＞C/T）,确诊为CTX。予胆酸治疗,随访至13月龄,黄疸消退,生长发育正常,血生化指标基本正常。从PubMed数据库中检索到3例婴儿期胆汁淤积性黄疸的CTX病例报道,结合本文1例,其共同表现为2~3月龄出现的胆汁淤积性黄疸,血生化特点为TBA正常或轻度升高、GGT和TCH轻度升高。结论 婴儿期以胆汁淤积症起病的CTX报道较少。TBA正常或轻度升高、GGT和TCH轻度升高时需考虑CTX的可能,确诊通过尿胆汁酸质谱分析和CYP27A1基因检测。     

类似胆总管囊肿的胆总管横纹肌肉瘤：阻塞性黄疸的罕见原因

肝外胆道肿瘤罕见,其中以横纹肌肉瘤最常见。横纹肌肉瘤是一种软组织恶性肌肉骨骼肿瘤,是儿童非常罕见的一种胆总管恶性肿瘤。它通常表现为阻塞性黄疸和/或瘙痒。如果肿瘤没有局部浸润邻近组织,其影像学表现则类似胆总管囊肿。因此,确诊通常是在手术时或术前通过活检。早期诊断、与胆总管囊肿鉴别、尽早开始治疗对延长患者生存时间有重要意义。该文报道1例10岁男童,反复阻塞性黄疸和发热,术前诊断为胆总管囊肿,术后确诊为胆总管胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤。经手术切除、术后化疗,该患儿预后良好。故必须了解这种罕见的肿瘤可以类似先天性胆总管囊肿,并且在儿童阻塞性黄疸的鉴别诊断时应加以考虑。     

Elevated serum soluble E-selectin is associated with poor outcome and correlated with Serum ALT in biliary atresia

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Biliary atresia (BA) is a serious liver disease. Our objective was to investigate possible roles of serum soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin) in BA. METHODS: During their annual follow-up, the serum levels of sE-selectin were determined by ELISA in 53 postoperative BA patients and 10 healthy children. The patients were categorized into two groups according to their jaundice status. Comparisons of demographic data and serum sE-selectin levels between jaundice-free patients and jaundice patients were performed. Correlation analysis was carried out of serum E-selectin with serum ALT and serum GGT. Data are expressed as mean and SD (ng/mL). RESULTS: The serum sE-selectin of BA patients was higher than that of controls (114.1 +/- 44.0 vs. 88.7 +/- 22.2; p = 0.01). Further subgroup analysis showed that there was an increase in serum sE-selectin levels of BA patients with jaundice (n = 21) compared to those without jaundice (n = 32) (129.7 +/- 48.6 vs. 103.9 +/- 38.1; p = 0.035). Also, serum E-selectin was positively correlated with serum ALT, a marker for liver injury (Pearson r = 0.355, p = 0.009), but not with serum GGT (Pearson r = 0.223, p = 0.12). CONCLUSION: Elevated serum sE-selectin was associated with a poor outcome of BA. There was a positive correlation between serum sE-selectin and serum ALT. E-selectin probably plays a role in the pathophysiology of liver injury in postoperative BA.     

Biliary atresia with a “cyst at porta”: management and outcome as per the cholangiographic anatomy

The purpose of this study is to classify biliary atresia (BA) with a "cyst at porta" according to the cholangiographic anatomy and to define management strategy and outcome in each group. A cyst at porta was identified in 13 of 58 babies (22.4%) with BA at first presentation. The cholangiographic anatomy was classified as; Group A (n = 7), type III BA with extrahepatic cyst; Group B (n = 2), type I or II BA with extrahepatic biliary cyst; and Group C (n = 4), type I or II BA with both extrahepatic and intrahepatic biliary cysts. The remaining 45 patients were comprised of type III BA without a cyst. A Kasai's portoenterostomy (PE) was performed for all Group A patients. Groups B and C were treated by hepaticojejunostomy (n = 5) or portoenterostomy (n = 1). All 45 patients with type III BA without a cyst were treated by a Kasai's PE. The median age at surgery was 92 days (ranges 28-342 days). There were three early post-operative deaths, all in patients with type III BA without cyst. Overall 18/55 (32.7%) patients achieved a jaundice free state. In Group A, 5/7 (71.4%) patients had bile flow, 2/7 (28.6%) are anicteric and 2/7(28.6%) had 1-2 episodes of post-operative cholangitis. In Group B, both patients are anicteric and none had post-operative cholangitis. In Group C, all four babies had bile flow but, significant morbidity because of recurrent severe cholangitis. Only one patient reached a jaundice free state. Of the remaining 42 patients with type III BA without a cyst, 27 (64.3%) had bile flow, 13 (31%) became jaundice free and 14 (33.3%) have had 1-2 episodes of post-operative cholangitis. In conclusion, thirteen of 58 (22.4%) babies with BA had a "cyst at porta" at first presentation in this series. The outcome was most satisfactory in type I BA without intrahepatic cystic dilatation (Group B) in terms of achieving a jaundice free state and freedom from recurrent cholangitis. However, intrahepatic biliary cysts (Group C) were associated with recurrent severe cholangitis and a poor eventual outcome despite a good initial bile flow. The outcome in type III BA with extrahepatic cyst was comparable to type III BA without cyst.     

Type I biliary atresia without extrahepatic biliary cyst

Currently, magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC) is used for the differentiation of biliary atresia (BA) from other causes of infantile cholestasis. The authors present a case of type I BA without an extrahepatic biliary cyst in a 2-month-old girl. MRC clearly visualized the patency of the gallbladder, cystic duct, and hepatic ducts with disappearance of the common bile duct. Intraoperative cholangiography demonstrated a cloudy appearance of the intrahepatic bile ducts, confirming the diagnosis of type I BA. We believe that this is the first reported case of type I BA without an extrahepatic biliary cyst diagnosed by MRC.     

腹腔镜下手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿198例分析

目的探讨腹腔镜下手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿的中短期效果,总结临床体会。方法回顾性分析2006年10月至2014年4月我们收治的198例腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿患儿临床资料。其中男性53例,女性144例;年龄1个月至13岁,平均年龄38.2个月。临床特征:102例为间歇性右上腹痛,25例黄疸,7例排陶土便,13例存在腹部包块,45例有肝功能损害,31例血淀粉酶升高。均予囊肿切除、肝管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。总结分析术中、术后及随访情况。结果 198例患儿囊肿直径1~20 cm,平均4.26 cm,其中囊状扩张186例,梭型扩张12例。Todari's分型Ⅰ型191例,Ⅳ型7例。198例中,19例中转开腹手术,其中9例炎症粘连剧烈,4例肝总管细小,2例囊肿突入十二指肠,2例囊肿巨大术野暴露不清楚,1例腹腔镜下无法确认肝管,1例见右副肝管。其余179例顺利完成腹腔镜下胆总管囊肿切除、肝管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合胆道重建术。手术时间130~480 min,平均255 min。术后6例出现胆漏,3例出现吻合口狭窄,其中5例再次行开腹手术。1例出现输入袢粘连绞窄坏死,重新行Roux-en-Y吻合。1例出现粘连性肠梗阻,经保守治疗好转。其余病例随访3个月至8年,无并发症,肝功能均正常。结论腹腔镜下手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿具有切口小、暴露清晰、恢复快等优点,但对术者要求较高,术中操作困难时及时中转开腹手术,可降低手术风险,减少并发症的发生。     

Hazards of hepatic portocholecystostomy in biliary atresia.

A hepatic portocholecystostomy (HPC) has been recommended to avoid postoperative cholangitis in the case of a patent distal extrahepatic bile duct (PDEBD) for the treatment of biliary atresia (BA). We investigated the efficacy and clinical problems of HPC in BA. The clinical records of eight patients with BA and PDEBD were reviewed. The diameter of the common bile duct was compared between the patients with BA and PDEBD and age-matched patients with neonatal hepatitis (NH). Five of 8 patients with PDEBD underwent HPC. One patient had to be converted to a cholecystojejunostomy because of common bile duct stenosis at 19 years of age. The other two patients underwent a reoperation by a hepatic portojejunostomy due to poor bile drainage after HPC. Another patient became jaundice-free one month after HPC, but died of sepsis due to bile leakage 3 months thereafter. The mean diameter of the common bile duct in BA with PDEBD was significantly smaller than that of NH (0.76 +/- 0.16 mm (n = 8) in BA vs. 1.90 +/- 0.39 mm (n = 11) in NH, p<0.01). HPC was thus found to be an excellent operative method for preventing postoperative cholangitis in BA, however, many clinical problems still need to be overcome for such a narrow distal duct.     

Clinical and pathological characteristics of cystic lesions of extrahepatic bile duct in neonates

Aim: To investigate the differences in clinical and pathological manifestations between biliary atresia with extrahepatic biliary cyst and choledochal cyst in neonates. Methods: Symptoms and clinical signs in 5 neonates with biliary atresia with extrahepatic biliary cyst (4 of type I and 1 of type III) and 17 neonates with choledochal cyst were recorded. The levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, direct bilirubin, transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase were analysed. Width and length of gallbladder and choledochal cyst were measured on B-mode ultrasound before surgery. Intrahepatic or extrahepatic biliary ducts were visualized with intraoperative cholangiography. The pathologic features in specimens of the liver were studied with light- and electron transmission microscopy. Results: All malformations occurred more commonly in girls, and obstructive jaundice was the main manifestation in both groups. Laboratory tests showed similar results for all patients in this study. With regard to pathological features, no significant difference was seen in either light microscopy or transmission electron microscopy, but it was shown with ultrasound that the length and width of the cysts and the gallbladder in neonates with biliary atresia were all shorter than the measurements in patients with choledochal cyst. The intrahepatic bile ducts could not be visualized on intraoperative cholangiography in type III biliary atresia. Deformation of the biliary ducts within the liver and stricture of the portal bile duct were the predominant features in type I biliary atresia, while the bile duct within the liver was normal or dilated in neonates with choledochal cyst.

Conclusions: Cystic lesions of the extrahepatic bile duct might be a common manifestation of biliary atresia and choledochal cyst. Intraoperative cholangiography is a precise and effective technique in the differential diagnosis of those lesions and helps decide on the most rational method of treatment.     

经腹腔镜手术治疗3个月内婴儿先天性胆总管囊肿

目的探讨经腹腔镜行囊肿切除、肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合治疗3个月以内先天性胆总管囊肿的可行性和治疗效果。方法本院2011年7月至2015年7月经腹腔镜手术治疗的3个月以内先天性胆总管囊肿患儿41例,其中男13例,女28例,均为囊肿型;手术年龄8~89 d,平均(50.2±23)d,体重2.7~6.47 kg,平均(4.47±1.01)kg。33例合并黄疸,8例大便颜色变浅,7例出现白陶土样便;31例术前检查转氨酶升高。全部病例均采用经腹腔镜完整囊肿切除,肝管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术。结果 40例患儿成功完成手术,手术时间117~296 min,平均(186±42)min,出血量5 mL;1例损伤门静脉,中转开腹,出血50 mL;术后无一例发生肠瘘、胆瘘和胰瘘;随访5~53个月,无胆管狭窄、胆管炎、粘连性肠梗阻等发生。结论 3个月以内婴儿胆总管囊肿容易发生肝功能损害、肝脏纤维化,应尽早手术治疗。经腹腔镜手术治疗先天性胆总管囊肿安全有效。     

Liver histology in choledochal cyst- pathological changes and response to surgery: the overlooked aspect?

Background

Histological changes in the liver in cases of choledochal cyst are seldom reported. The severity of liver pathology has an impact on the presentation, course and prognosis of hepatobiliary lesions. This study aims to record the histological changes in the liver and response to surgery in patients with choledochal cyst and to correlate these with the clinical symptoms and recovery.

Materials and methods

All children <12 years diagnosed with choledochal cyst were evaluated clinically, radiologically and biochemically at presentation. Excision of the cyst with intra-operative liver biopsy was done. Liver biopsy was repeated after 6 months of surgery. Both the liver biopsies were compared objectively in terms of hepatocellular damage, cholestasis, parenchymal inflammation, bile duct inflammation, bile duct proliferation, portal fibrosis and central venous distension with appropriate statistical tests. Clinical presentation and recovery were correlated with grades of liver pathology.

Results

Forty-six patients were included. Pathological damage was observed in all the livers preoperatively. Post-operatively, significant resolution of histological changes was seen in hepatocellular damage (p < 0.0001), parenchymal inflammation (p = 0.0001), cholestasis (p = 0.0003) and bile duct proliferation (p = 0.0001). Portal fibrosis did not resolve. Central venous distension worsened. Severity of damage correlated significantly with younger age, symptom severity, anomalous pancreatico-biliary junction (APBJ) and obstructive biliary clearance on Tc-99 HIDA scan. Post-operative bile duct proliferation, bile duct inflammation and portal fibrosis were associated with cholangitis, re-do surgery and obstructive Tc-99 HIDA scan clearance in the post-operative period.

Conclusions

All patients with choledochal cyst show pathological changes in liver of varying severity. More severe symptoms, younger age and APBJ are associated with higher degree of liver damage. Except portal fibrosis and central venous distension, all other pathological changes regress after surgery. Regression can be hindered by post-op cholangitis, obstructive biliary clearance and post-op IHBR dilatation.     

热休克蛋白47的表达与胆道闭锁肝纤维化及预后的相关性研究

目的 研究热休克蛋白47的表达与胆道闭锁患儿肝脏纤维化程度及预后的相关性.方法 选择30例胆道闭锁、10例胆汁淤积症和10例胆总管囊肿患儿入组,分别取肝脏组织以及外周血,通过RT-PCR、Western-blot、ELISA以及病理切片来评估不同水平HSP47的表达情况及其与肝脏纤维化相关性.结果 三组HSP47在mRNA水平(0.915±0.730比0.066±0.037比0.314±0.150,P＜0.05)、蛋白水平(3.061 81±0.504 763比1.358 018±0.373 174比1.23649±0.350 173,P＜0.05)以及血清水平(63.38±17.11比57.87±14.83比45.78±11.23,P＜0.05)的表达胆道闭锁组均比胆汁淤积组以及胆总管囊肿组高,差异有统计学意义,且不同水平表达具有一致性(mRNA比蛋白水平:r=0.836,P＜0.05;蛋白水平比血清水平:r=0.989,P＜0.01;mRNA比血清水平:r=0.883,P＜0.05).胆道闭锁血清HSP47的表达与肝脏组织光镜下纤维化程度呈正相关关系(r=0.669,P＜0.01).结论 肝脏组织HSP47的表达与血清HSP47的表达水平具有一致性,能够评估肝脏纤维化程度;血清HSP47的高表达可能作为胆道闭锁预后不良的一个监测指标.     

Foregut atresias and bile duct anomalies: rare,infrequent or common?!

The association of foregut atresias and bile duct anomalies is reportedly rare. We encountered five referrals within 2 years where the secondary diagnosis was missed at operation. Four patients initially presented on antenatal scans as a foregut atresia whereas the fifth presented at nine years with abdominal pain due to a choledochal cyst. The biliary anomalies (cholecysto-hepatic duct, liver cyst and choledochal cysts) in the first four presented as postoperative jaundice during infancy whereas the fifth patient developed subacute intestinal obstruction due to congenital duodenal stenosis at fifteen years. In the patients with duodenal atresia neither did the preoperative X ray reveal any distal bowel gas nor did the subsequent intraoperative cholangiograms reveal bifid common bile duct or pancreato-biliary malunion. Atresias were corrected by primary repair (duodenoduodenostomy for congenital duodenal obstruction in four patients and disconnection/ligation of tracheo-oesophageal fistula with oesophageal anastomosis in one patient). The biliary anomalies were corrected by excision of the abnormal bile ducts (choledochal cyst/liver cyst/cholecystectomy) with Roux en Y hepaticojejunostomy. All patients are asymptomatic and liver function and biliary dilatation has normalised. The association of foregut atresias and bile duct anomalies is not as rare as previously reported. Antenatal ultrasound suggesting either a foregut or a biliary anomaly should alert one to the association. Full radiological and/or imaging investigation may be indicated prior to corrective surgery of the primary anomaly.     

胆道闭锁术中胆汁流量及胆汁成分的观察分析

目的 探讨胆道闭锁术中胆汁流量及成分变化与预后的关系.方法 本组对27例BA患儿行Kasai手术时,采用5 ml气体采样管收集和测量从肝门流出的胆汁.以17例胆总管囊肿患儿术中收集的胆汁作为对照组,其中测胆汁流量者7例.采用全自动生化仪检测胆汁中磷脂、总蛋白(TP)、胆汁酸(TBA)、总胆红素(TBIL)、直接胆红素(DBIL)、总胆固醇(TC)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷氨酰胺转肽酶(GGT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)的浓度.术后随访1～6个月,随访内容有黄疸消退时间、术后血生化、术后胆管炎发生情况.结果 BA组胆汁流量显著低于对照组(P<0.05).手术日龄>60 d的BA患儿及术前血ALT>150 U/L的BA患儿术中胆汁流量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05).术中胆汁流量≥0.19 ml/min的BA患儿术后3个月退黄率显著高于术中胆汁流量<0.19 ml/min的BA患儿(P<0.05).BA组的胆汁磷脂、TBA及DBIL浓度均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);BA组的胆汁ALT浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.01).术后3个月黄疸消除者的胆汁AST及TC浓度均显著低于未消除者(P<0.05).结论 BA术中胆汁流量与预后有明显的关系,患儿术中胆汁流量越好,术后的预后越好,提示术中胆汁流量可以更早地预测患儿的远期效果.BA胆汁成分的变化说明BA患儿的肝功能较差,胆汁中磷脂、TBA和DBIL浓度较低可能是肝脏分泌功能较差的表现.胆汁中的AST和TC浓度与预后有关,胆汁AST和TC浓度较低的BA患儿术后预后较好,可能是由于肝功能较好和胆汁粘度较低利于引流所致.     

胆道闭锁Kasai术后肝内胆管囊性扩张的形成特点与病理研究

目的分析胆道闭锁(biliary atresia,BA)患儿Kasai术后肝内胆管囊性扩张(intrahepatic biliary cysts,IBC)的形成特点及病理学表现,探索其与预后之间的关系。方法选取2017年1月至2018年12月天津市儿童医院Kasai术后行肝移植手术的BA患儿179例(男75例,女104例),收集患儿的临床资料和影像学资料,用以判断是否存在IBC,其中36例CT检查结果提示存在肝内胆管扩张,作为IBC(+)组,143例未检测到肝内胆管扩张,作为IBC(-)组,比较两组的自体肝生存状况及肝功能指标。同时收集到上述患儿中50例患儿的肝移植时的病肝组织,其中IBC(+)组18例,IBC(-)组32例,进行HE染色,观察肝脏纤维化程度、胆管增生程度、淤胆以及胆管板畸形的发生情况。结果①IBC(+)组女患儿有27例,占75.0%(27/36),IBC(-)组女患儿有77例,占53.8%(77/143),两组中女患儿占比的差异具有统计学意义(P=0.021),两组患儿在行Kasai术时的日龄及术后胆管炎的发生率的比较中,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);②IBC(+)组患儿的中位生存期为11.5个月,明显高于IBC(-)组患儿的9.0个月。Log-Rank检测发现,IBC(+)组术后自体肝生存状况优于IBC(-)组患儿,且差异具有统计学意义(P=0.038);③肝功能的比较结果发现IBC(+)组除胆汁酸(total bile acids,TBA)外,均低于IBC(-)组患儿,其中总胆红素(total bilirubin,TBI)、结合胆红素(direct bilirubin,DBI)水平在两组的差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);④IBC(+)组患儿的肝纤维化程度、胆管增生程度及胆管板畸形发生率均较IBC(-)组略低,差异无统计学意义;但IBC(+)组淤胆程度明显低于IBC(-)组,差异具有统计学意义(P=0.013)。结论BA患儿Kasai术后发生IBC可能是肝脏代偿的积极表现,短期内不会导致胆汁淤积的加重,相反扩张的胆管可以减轻胆汁淤积的程度,改善肝功能及病理分级,从而延长自体肝生存时间。