喉鳞状细胞癌中PTEN和Caspase-3的表达及临床意义

目的 :研究抑癌基因PTEN和半胱氨酸蛋白酶Caspase 3在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及临床意义。 方法 :应用免疫组织化学SP法检测 2 0例正常喉组织、6 0例声带不典型增生、2 89例喉癌组织中PTEN ,Caspase 3的表达。结果 :正常喉组织、声带不典型增生、喉癌组织中PTEN阳性表达率分别为 10 0 .0 %、86 .7%、5 8.8% ,三者之间差异具有统计学意义 (均 P <0 .0 5 ) ;Caspase 3阳性表达率分别为 85 .0 %、6 1.7%、4 8.1% ,三者之间差异具有统计学意义 (均P <0 .0 5 )。另外 ,Caspase 3与PTEN在喉癌中的表达具有正相关性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :喉鳞状细胞癌中抑癌基因PTEN ,Caspase 3的表达异常可能与喉癌的发生、发展有关。     

喉癌中Ki67和VEGF的表达及其相关性的初步探讨

目的 :探讨细胞增殖抗原标记物 (Ki6 7)和血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及其相互关系。方法 :用免疫组织化学方法研究Ki6 7和VEGF在 4 0例喉鳞状细胞癌组织 (喉癌组 )和 5例正常喉黏膜标本 (对照组 )中的表达。结果 :Ki6 7和VEGF在喉癌组中的表达高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1) ;在有淋巴结转移的喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达高于无淋巴结转移者 (分别为P<0 .0 5和P <0 .0 1) ;Ki6 7和VEGF在不同年龄、性别患者中的表达差异无统计学意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;Ki6 7和VEGF的表达与喉癌T分期有关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,且Ki6 7和VEGF的表达之间存在正相关关系 (r =0 .82 3,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :Ki6 7和VEGF均可作为反映喉鳞状细胞癌生物学行为的客观参考指标 ,两者相结合可有助于喉癌的诊断、分期的判断和治疗方案的制定。     

喉癌中支原体单克隆抗体与核增殖抗原的表达

目的 探讨支原体感染与核增殖抗原在人喉癌发生、发展及预后中的作用.方法 用免疫组织化学Envision法检测216例喉不同病变组织标本(喉癌145例,喉癌前病变25例,声带息肉31例,癌周喉组织15例)中支原体单克隆抗体PD4蛋白和核增殖抗原Ki67的表达.结果 ①PD4和Ki67在人喉不同病变组织中表达阳性率由高到低分别为喉癌:45.52%(66/145)和82.76%(120/145)、喉癌前病变:16.00%(4/25)和32.00%(8/25)、声带息肉:12.90%(4/31)和22.58%(7/31)、癌周喉组织:6.67%(1/15)和0(0/15),各组间比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01);②中晚期(Ⅲ～Ⅳ期)、伴颈淋巴结转移的喉癌组织中PD4、Ki67阳性表达率均显著高于早期(Ⅰ～Ⅱ期)、无颈淋巴结转移的喉癌组织(P＜0.01).喉癌术后3年或5年存活病例PD4表达阳性率明显低于未存活病例(P＜0.01);而Ki67的表达阳性率在术后3年存活与未存活病例间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),5年存活率间比较有统计学差异为(P＜0.05);③PD4和Ki67在人喉癌组织中联合表达阳性率为32.41%(47/145),显著高于喉其他不同病变组织中联合表达的阳性率(2.81%,2/71,P＜0.01),两者在喉不同病变组织中表达呈正相关(相关系数r＝0.79).结论 PD4和Ki67联合表达与人喉癌的发生、发展及预后有一定的相关性.     

喉鳞癌中NO、iNOS的测定及其临床意义

目的 :探讨一氧化氮 (NO)、诱生型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS)在喉鳞癌中的表达及其临床意义。方法 :采用硝酸还原酶法测定健康人和喉癌患者血清 NO3和 NO- 2 之和 ;采用逆转录 -聚合酶链反应 (RT- PCR)技术检测 4 0例不同病理分化程度、临床分期的喉鳞癌组织、癌旁组织及 10例喉乳头状瘤、7例正常喉粘膜中诱生型一氧化氮合酶 (i NOS) m RNA的表达。结果 :喉鳞癌患者血清 NO含量显著高于正常对照组 ,喉癌组织 i NOS m RNA阳性表达率为 85 .0 0 % ,较对照组癌旁组织 (2 0 .0 0 % )、良性肿瘤组 (40 .0 0 % )、正常人组 (0 / 7)明显增高 (P <0 .0 0 0 1,P <0 .0 0 5 ,P <0 .0 0 0 1) ,有淋巴结转移组 (19/ 19)显著高于无淋巴结转移组 (71.4 2 % ) (P<0 .0 5 ) ,i NOS m RNA阳性表达与肿瘤原发部位及 T分级无关 ,与细胞分化程度呈负相关。结论 :喉鳞癌组织中存在 i NOS,它可能通过合成一氧化氮 (NO)在分子水平参与了喉癌的发生、发展     

细胞周期调控因子与喉癌癌变的相关性研究

目的 :探讨喉癌癌变过程中 Cyclin E、p2 1WAF1 /CIP1和 p5 3表达的临床病理学意义。方法 :用免疫组化检测 2 0例喉正常粘膜、40例喉不典型增生病变和 6 0例喉癌组织中 Cyclin E、p2 1WAF 1 /CIP1和 p5 3的表达。结果 :1Cyclin E阳性表达率在正常组、不典型增生组和喉癌组分别为 5 .0 % (1/ 2 0 )、2 0 .0 % (8/ 40 )、45 .0 % (2 7/ 6 0 ) ,喉癌组与正常组比较 ,其差异有极显著性意义 (P<0 .0 1) ;p2 1WAF1 /CIP1阳性表达率分别为 95 .0 % (19/ 2 0 )、75 .0 % (30 /40 )和 6 3.3% (38/ 6 0 ) ,喉癌组与正常组比较 ,其差异亦有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;p5 3阳性表达率分别为 0 (0 /2 0 )、30 .0 % (12 / 40 )和 6 1.7% (37/ 6 0 ) ,喉癌组与正常组比较 ,其差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 p2 1WAF 1 /CIP1在高、中、低分化的喉癌中阳性表达率逐渐降低 ,其差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。 3 Cyclin E和 p5 3阳性表达显著相关 ,p2 1WAF 1 /CIP1与 p5 3阳性表达无相关性。结论 :1Cyclin E和 p5 3异常表达是喉癌发生中早期分子事件。 2p2 1WAF 1 /CIP1 表达与喉癌细胞分化程度有关。 3细胞周期因子相互调控机制在喉癌发展中起重要作用。     

喉鳞状细胞癌和喉乳头状瘤中Survivin表达的意义

目的：探讨Survivin蛋白在喉鳞状细胞癌和成人喉乳头状瘤中的表达及其意义。方法：应用免疫组化方法对46例喉鳞状细胞癌、24例癌旁组织和20例喉乳头状瘤以及16例正常喉粘膜标本中Survivin的表达进行检测。结果：Survivin蛋白在喉癌组织、癌旁组织和喉乳头状瘤中的阳性表达率分别为71.74%（33/46）、33.33%（8/24）和40.0%（8/20）,在正常黏膜组织中没有表达,喉癌组中的阳性表达率分别显著高于正常组织、癌旁组织及喉乳头状瘤中的表达率（均P〈0.01）。且发生恶变的喉乳头状瘤Survivin蛋白均为阳性表达。但Sur-vivin阳性表达与喉癌的发生部位、分级、分期、淋巴结转移以及病理分级没有关联。结论：Survivin在喉癌组织中过度表达,参与了喉癌的形成,是喉癌形成的一个早期事件,可望成为预测成人喉乳头状瘤恶变的一个诊断方法。     

喉癌组织中Caspase-3的表达及其临床意义

目的 通过对比Caspase-3在喉癌、喉癌前病变及声带息肉中表达的差异;探讨Caspase-3在喉癌中表达及其临床意义.方法 选取2011年2月～2016年12月在我院就诊的喉癌患者49例、声带息肉13例、喉癌前病变10例(含喉乳头状瘤6例,非典型增生4例)病理切片标本作为研究对象,采用免疫组化EnVision法检测...     

喉癌喉咽癌组织中诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达及临床意义

目的 :探讨诱导型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS)在喉癌喉咽癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法 :采用逆转录 聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)技术检测 4 0例喉癌及 12例喉咽癌 (喉癌喉咽癌组 )、5 0例癌旁组织 (癌旁组 )、12例良性肿瘤 (良性肿瘤组 )及 7例正常喉黏膜 (正常喉黏膜组 )组织中iNOSmRNA的表达。结果 :喉癌喉咽癌组阳性表达率为 78.85 % ,与正常喉黏膜组 (0 % )和癌旁组 (2 0 .0 0 % )比较 ,差异有极显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1) ;与良性肿瘤组 (4 1.6 7% )比较 ,差异亦有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。有局部淋巴结转移组 (95 .2 4 % )显著高于无局部淋巴结转移组 (6 7.74 % ) (P <0 .0 5 ) ;iNOSmRNA阳性表达与T分级呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与细胞分化程度呈负相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :喉癌喉咽癌组织中iNOSmRNA呈高表达 ,提示iNOS可能通过合成NO在分子水平参与了喉癌喉咽癌的发生、发展 ;NO供体药物和iNOS特异性抑制剂的开发 ,必将为肿瘤治疗带来可喜的前景。     

PCR和PCR产物斑点杂交技术检测成人咽喉病变中人乳头状瘤病毒感染

目的 :研究成人咽喉部良、恶性病变与人乳头状瘤病毒 (HPV)感染的关系。方法 :应用聚合酶链反应 (PCR)和斑点杂交技术 ,对 5 5例咽喉不同病变的新鲜组织标本进行 HPV6,1 1 ,1 6,1 8,33共 5型HPV- DNA感染的检测。结果 :在咽乳头状瘤组 HPV感染率为 6 0 % (6 / 1 0 ) ,喉乳头状瘤组为 70 % (7/1 0 ) ,喉鳞状上皮非典型增生组为 2 0 % (1 / 5 ) ,声带息肉组为 2 0 % (1 / 5 ) ,喉癌组为 2 0 % (1 / 5 ) ,声带小结组为 0 (0 / 1 0 )。HPV- DNA型别分布在咽喉良性病变中以 HPV6,1 1 型为主 ,喉癌中以 HPV1 6为主。结论 :本地区成人咽喉良、恶性病变的发生与 HPV感染密切相关。PCR结合核酸斑点杂交法检测 HPV,具有灵敏性高、特异性强的优点 ,值得推广应用。     

喉癌癌变过程中Cyclin E的表达及临床病理学意义

目的:研究喉癌癌变过程中Cyclin E的临床病理学意义.方法:用免疫组化检测20例正常喉粘膜,40例喉不典型增生和60例喉癌组织中Cyclin E的表达.结果:Cyclin E阳性表达定位于肿瘤细胞核.在喉癌癌变过程中,喉正常粘膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中Cyclin E阳性表达率分别为:5.0%(1/20),20.0%(8/40)和45.0%(27/60)(P＜0.001).喉癌淋巴结转移组Cyclin E阳性表达率明显高于非淋巴结转移组.结论:Cyclin E异常表达可能是喉癌发生中早期分子事件,对喉癌发展起重要作用.     

Histopathological analysis of apoptosis, and expression of p53, bcl-2, bax, and Ki-67 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas and dysplasia.

The growth of neoplasia is determined by the proliferation and loss of cells. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of apoptosis in laryngeal carcinomas and to examine its relationship to the pathological parameters, including ki-67 expression, and to expression of p53, bcl-2, and bax protein. The materials are 67 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 22 cases of squamous dysplasia using biopsy and surgery specimens. Apoptotic cells were determined by the modified TUNEL method. Expressions of p53, bcl-2, and bax, i.e. apoptosis-related genes, and ki-67, a proliferation marker, were immunohistochemically examined. The relationships between apoptosis and the clinicopathological findings were studied. The stage of the carcinoma was not related to the apoptotic index. The expression of p53 was frequently detectable in the advanced carcinomas with T3, T4 and N-positive. The apoptotic index was not significantly related to recurrence, metastasis or histological differentiation. Apoptosis occurred frequently in the cornified areas of well differentiated SCCs. The expressions of ki-67 observed in the poorly differentiated SCCs was significantly higher than that observed in the well differentiated SCCs (P< 0.01). The apoptotic index increased after irradiation in the carcinoma. No relationship was found between apoptotic index, ki-67 index, and expression of p53, bcl-2 and bax. The apoptotic index obtained form the SCCs was significantly higher than that obtained form squamous dysplasias (P < 0.05). Various apoptosis-related findings including p53 expression were observed in the advanced type of laryngeal SCCs, and apoptosis of the carcinoma was suggested to be controlled by complicated factors including bcl-2.     

Ki-67和拓扑异构酶Ⅱα在喉鳞状细胞癌中的表达及意义

目的:检测喉鳞状细胞癌组织中Ki67、topoⅡα的表达,并分析其表达强度与喉鳞状细胞癌的组织学分级、临床分期及有无淋巴结转移的关系。方法:采用免疫组织化学法检测24例喉鳞状细胞癌及8例(对照组)声带息肉中Ki67、topoⅡα的表达。结果:喉鳞状细胞癌患者Ki67,topoⅡα的阳性率(43.86%,45.74%)明显高于对照组(5.66%,5.98%)(P<0.01),Ki67、topoⅡα的表达强度与癌组织的分化程度相关,topoⅡα/Ki67的比值与是否存在淋巴结转移差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:Ki67,topoⅡα的表达强度可判断癌组织分化程度,topoⅡα/Ki67可作为喉鳞状细胞癌患者预后的监测指标之一。     

Coinfection of HPV-11 and HPV-16 in a Case of Laryngeal Squamous Papillomas With Severe Dysplasia

Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6 and 11 have been associated with benign laryngeal papilloma, while HPV-16 is occasionally associated with laryngeal carcinoma. In this study, a case of laryngeal squamous papillomas with severe dysplasia was evaluated for the presence of HPV infection. The biopsy specimens were taken from a 58-year-old female patient at two different time points 3 months apart. Architecturally, the tumor showed papillary configuration reminiscent of squamous papilloma. Cytologically, the lesion showed morphologic features characteristic of severe squamous epithelial dysplasia. HPV infection was determined by DNA in situ hybridization using type-specific HPV-DNA probes. HPV-11 probes demonstrated homogeneous nuclear staining, suggesting productive viral replication. In contrast, HPV-16 probe produced a speckled pattern, suggesting HPV-16 DNA integration. Normal laryngeal epithelium did not yield specific hybridization. The presence of HPV-11 and HPV-16 was confirmed by PCR using HPV type-specific primers. Immunocytochemical staining was performed to detect Ki-67, a proliferation marker, and p53. Ki-67 expression was demonstrated throughout the whole thickness of epithelium. Staining for p53 was negative. This study suggests that multiple HPV infections can occur in the same lesion and that HPV-16 infection and its DNA integration may contribute to the occurrence of severe dysplasia in the lesion described.     

bcl-2和bax基因在喉鳞状细胞癌细胞周期各时相的表达及其意义

OBJECTIVE: To detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of cell cycle in laryngeal carcinoma, and explore the relationship between the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of the cell cycle and the occurrence, development and prognosis in the carcinoma of larynx. METHODS: The immunohistochemical method, TUNEL technique and flowcytometry (FCM) parameter analyses were combined to detect the apoptosis and the expression of bcl-2 and bax in each phase of the cell cycle in 15 polyps of vocal cord and 387 laryngeal carcinomas. RESULTS: Total bcl-2 expression and bcl-2 expression in G0G1 stage in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in polyp of vocal cord. In contrast, the total bax expression and the bax expression in each phase of cell cycle in laryngeal carcinoma were all lower than that in polyp of vocal cord. The total apoptosis index in laryngeal carcinoma was obviously lower than that in polyp of vocal cord, and this phenomenon was mainly caused by the decrease of the apoptosis in G0G1 phase. The bcl-2, bax expression and the apoptosis wasn't notably related to clinical stage, clinical type and T grade. In poor-differentiated squamous carcinoma, the bcl-2 expression in S and G2M phase was obviously higher than that in well-differentiated and the moderate-differentiated squamous carcinoma. The total apoptosis index, the apoptosis in S phase and the apoptosis in G2M phase were obviously enhanced both in the group of recurrence and in the patients who died in 5 years after the operation, in the same samples, the significant increasing of bcl-2 expression in S and G2M phase was detected. CONCLUSIONS: The significant decreasing of the apoptosis in G0G1 phase caused by high expression of bcl-2 was an important affair in the initial stage of laryngeal carcinoma. Accompanying the significant increasing of the total apoptosis index, the apoptosis in S phase and the apoptosis in G2M phase could be regard as an indicator that the cancer of larynx was malignant with poor prognosis and need adjuvant therapy. The decreasing of bax expression may play a role in the occurrence of laryngeal carcinoma.     

Reduced expression of p27 is correlated with progression in precancerous lesions of the larynx

OBJECTIVES: Factors related to malignant transformation of laryngeal precancerous lesions remain largely unknown, so we investigated the relationship between the expression of p27 and precancerous laryngeal lesion. STUDY DESIGN: In this study we investigated the expressions of p27 and p53 protein in 56 cases with laryngeal precancerous or cancer lesions (20 cases of hyperplasia, 19 of dysplasia, and 17 of squamous cell carcinoma), and went on to evaluate the relationship between immunoreactivity of each of them and the histological findings. We also evaluated the correlation between immunoreactivity and proliferative activity with the aid of Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed in 56 cases (20 with epithelial hyperplasia, 19 with epithelial dysplasia and 17 with laryngeal cancer). Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate expression of p27, p53 protein and Ki-67 nuclear antigen staining, using the avidian-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. RESULTS: p27 immunostaining was observed in 12 out of 20 cases of hyperplasia (60%), six out of 19 cases of dysplasia (31%), and 2/17 (12%) of carcinoma. We found significant association between p27 immunostaining and the histological findings. On the other hand, p53 immunostaining was observed in 6/20 (30%) of hyperplasia, 3/19 (16%) of dysplasia, and 7/17 (41%) of carcinoma. No significant association was found between p53 and the histological findings. CONCLUSIONS: Our results revealed that immunohistochemical assessment of p27 in bioptic samples of laryngeal precancerous lesions might be useful in selective patients who should undergo a more specific follow-up evaluation.     

Argon laser use in papillomas of the larynx

Papillomas of the larynx are discussed, including the use of lasers. Argon lasers' differences from CO₂ lasers and techniques are outlined. Case reports are given in which laryngeal papillomas were removed from two patients with the argon laser and examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and stereoscanning electron microscopy (SSEM). The depth and width of morphological changes are noted. Peripheral to the laser impact site, four zones were observed: 1. coagulation necrosis, 2. contracted epithelial cells, 3. minimally damaged epithelial cells, and 4. morphologically undamaged epithelial cells. In Zone 2, cells were violently popped-off as heat was conducted through the epithelium. The potential for spread of papillomas was discussed and suction of the vapor plume recommended when removing laryngeal papillomas with the argon laser.     

Regulators of Proliferation and Apoptosis in Carcinoma of the Larynx

Expression of interrelated gene products regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis may be disordered in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx compared with normal squamous mucosa. Certain of these abnormalities, alone or in combination, may be of prognostic significance in low-stage carcinomas of the larynx. A retrospective study of archival material was made. Expression of the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis-related genes (bcl-2, bcl-X, mcl-1, and bax) and the proliferation- and apoptosis-related genes p53 and cyclin D-1 were determined in 40 low-T-stage laryngeal carcinomas and in uvular epithelium from patients without SCC. Among the antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, Bcl-X and Mcl-1 showed more intense and widespread staining than Bcl-2 itself in both normal squamous mucosa and SCC. The well-ordered expression patterns of Bcl-2-related proteins found in normal epithelium were lost in SCC, and patterns of expression varied widely among individual tumors. Also, mean expression levels for Bax and cyclin D-1 were significantly lower than in normal epithelium (P = .036 and P = .009, respectively), whereas expression of p53 was higher in tumors (P = .034). Expression of Bcl-X and Mcl-1 was greater in poorly differentiated than in well-differentiated tumors (P = .014 and P = .031, respectively). No associations were seen between marker expression patterns and clinical outcome in this group of patients. Bcl-x and Mcl-1 appear to be the most abundantly expressed antiapoptotic proteins of the Bcl-2 family in both normal squamous mucosa and SCC of the larynx. Multiple genes regulating proliferation and apoptosis are expressed abnormally in laryngeal SCC compared with normal epithelium. In particular, loss or measurable decrease in expression of the proapoptotic protein Bax in tumors may contribute to the deranged growth control of SCC. Further study is needed to evaluate the prognostic significance of particular patterns of disordered expression of proteins regulating proliferation and apoptosis in SCC of different head and neck sites.     

喉鳞状细胞癌中细胞周期素E的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨细胞周期素E（cyclin E）在喉鳞状细胞癌的表达及临床病理学意义。方法：采用免疫组织化学技术检测10例声带息肉、20例不典型增生病变和50例喉鳞状细胞癌组织中cyclinE的表达。结果：cyclin E阳性表达定位于细胞核,cyclin E在喉癌细胞的阳性表达率为6％（3／50）,同声带息肉组10％（1／10）,不典型增生组15％（3／20）比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,但cyclin E在喉癌间质血管内皮细胞阳性表达意义显著,同临床分期及淋巴结是否转移相关（均P〈0．01）。结论：cyclin E在喉癌组织呈非特异性表达,或许并不参与喉癌细胞的恶性转化事件,但cyclin E对于间质中血管增生相对敏感,参与血管内皮细胞分裂增殖,其阳性高表达或可用来间接评估喉癌的恶性进程。     

The role of host immune response and apoptosis in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma

PURPOSE: To determine whether the combined use of markers of host immune response (HLA-DR) and apoptosis (bax and bcl-2) can predict prognosis in laryngeal carcinoma patients. PROCEDURES: Immunohistochemical staining for HLA-DR, bax and bcl-2 proteins was investigated retrospectively in 37 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Seven healthy adult males were used as the control group. RESULTS: HLA-DR antigen expression was detected in the tumor cells of 18 patients (48.6%). Another 18 patients (48.6%) expressed HLA-DR antigen in the peritumoral inflammatory infiltrate, while bax and bcl-2 protein expressions were detected in 17 (45.9%) and 9 (24.3%) patients, respectively. None of the controls expressed any of the proteins studied. bcl-2 and HLA-DR protein expressions of the tumor infiltrate were statistically significant independent prognostic factors suggesting improved survival (p = 0.0272 and p = 0.0285, respectively). bax+/bcl-2- patients demonstrated an unfavorable clinical outcome (p = 0.0298), followed by a significantly increased mean HLA-DR antigen expression observed both in the tumor and the stroma cells (p = 0.024 and p = 0.045, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: bcl-2 and HLA-DR proteins independently predict a dismal prognosis among laryngeal carcinoma patients. The bax+/bcl-2- protein coexpression pattern correlates with elevated immunohistochemical expression of HLA-DR antigen both by tumor and peritumoral stromal cells. MESSAGE: bcl-2 and HLA-DR are significant prognostic markers in laryngeal carcinoma patients. Further prospective investigation is required to validate our findings.     

Expression of selected markers for apoptosis, proliferation and metastasis in evaluation of laryngeal cancer invasiveness dynamics

Evaluation of the biology of laryngeal cancer cell is connected either with many process inside the cell or reactions between cancer cell itself and extracellular matrix. The main purpose in this paper was the evaluation of p53 protein, bcl-2 protein, Ki-67 antigen and CD44 adhesive molecule expressions in comparison to clinical and histopathological features in patients with laryngeal cancer. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections from 89 patients with laryngeal cancer were stained with a monoclonal antibody raised against p53 and bcl-2 proteins, Ki-67 and CD44 antigens using a peroxidase-labelled streptavidin-biotin kit. There were statistically significant relationships between p-53 protein over-expression and pT, histological grading, survival and Ki-67 and CD44 antigens expressions. There were no correlation between bcl-2 protein expression and clinical and histopathological features. We observed statistically significant correlation between Ki-67 expression and pT, histological grading, recurrences and survival. Expression of CD44 statistically significant correlated only with tumour size. We conclude that comparison of data covering mentioned tumour markers expression gives valuable evaluation of biological activity of cancer cells and may allow to create the immunological panel of tumour markers which simplify the prognosis about nodal metastases, recurrences and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer.