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Park JW Kim HS Seo DD Jang JS Shin WG Kim KH Jang MK Lee JH Kim HY Kim DJ Lee MS Park CK 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2011,18(10):e475-e481
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term efficacy of entecavir (ETV) in adefovir (ADV)-refractory chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with prior lamivudine (LMV) resistance. A total of 55 ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance, who received rescue therapy with ETV 1 mg daily for at least 12 months, were consecutively enrolled and analysed. Forty-four patients were men, and their median age was 47 (25-69). Ten patients had liver cirrhosis and 46 patients were positive for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). Median hepatitis B virus DNA levels were 6.6 (4.3-8.0) log(10) copies/mL, and the median duration of ETV therapy was 24 (12-47) months. Cumulative virologic response rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 18%, 29%, 58% and 75%, respectively. HBeAg loss occurred in 10 (21.7%) of 46 HBeAg-positive patients. In multivariate analysis, only initial virologic response at 3 months remained as an independent predictor for virologic response (RR 3.143; 95% CI 1.387-7.120; P = 0.006). The patients with a virological response at 3 months had not only a significantly higher probability of achieving a virologic response (P < 0.001) but also lower probability of experiencing a virologic breakthrough (P = 0.043) than the patients without an early response. Viral breakthrough was observed in 29 patients during the follow-up period. Cumulative breakthrough rates at 6, 12, 24 and 36 months were 0%, 15%, 45% and 73%, respectively. ETV monotherapy may be considerably efficacious in cases with an initial virological response but its efficacy is attenuated by frequent emergence of ETV resistance in ADV-refractory CHB patients with prior LMV resistance. 相似文献
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S. W. Cho K. H. Koh J. Y. Cheong M. H. Lee S. P. Hong W. D. Yoo S.‐O. Kim 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2010,17(3):171-177
Summary. We determined the virologic response, incidence of entecavir resistance, and evolution of lamivudine and adefovir‐resistant mutants during entecavir (ETV) therapy in adefovir‐refractory patients with prior lamivudine resistance. Forty adefovir‐refractory chronic hepatitis B patients with prior lamivudine resistance who had received entecavir for ≥6 months were included and monitored for virologic response and entecavir resistance. Ten per cent of patients achieved HBV DNA < 50 copies/mL by PCR after 24 weeks of ETV therapy, and an initial virologic response was observed in 12 of 40 patients (30%). Higher pretreatment ALT (P = 0.039) and the presence of the rtL180M mutation (P = 0.038) were associated with an initial virologic response. During a mean follow‐up of 11.4 months, four patients (10%) experienced virologic breakthrough, while ETV‐resistant mutants were detected in six patients (15%). YMDD and adefovir‐resistant mutants were detected in 57 and 35% of patients at baseline, respectively. At 48 weeks of therapy, 96 and 4% of patients had YMDD and adefovir‐resistant mutants, respectively. These data suggest an early development of ETV resistance and low antiviral response during ETV therapy in adefovir‐refractory patients with prior lamivudine resistance. 相似文献
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目的总结阿德福韦酯(ADV)单药挽救治疗拉米夫定(LAM)耐药慢性乙型肝炎患者效果,分析疗效影响因素,探讨单药挽救LAM耐药的可行性。方法 60例慢性乙型肝炎应用LAM耐药后入组挽救治疗。收集患者的基本特征:如年龄、性别、肝生化指标、HBV DNA及HBV M。纪录治疗持续时间及应答,并进行分组对照。结果 60例中,HBV DNA定量反弹≥1log10拷贝/ml 20例,HBV DNA测序rtM204I/V、rtL180M位点变异40例。生化学突破的LAM耐药患者,给予ADV单药治疗。完成156周治疗者42例。HBV DNA低复制组(基线水平HBV DNA 103~105拷贝/ml)治疗后第12至156周HBV DNA转阴率均为80.0%,高复制组(基线水平HBV DNA≥106拷贝/ml)转阴率为40.7%~44.7%,两组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。HBV DNA转阴率随治疗时间延长渐增加。治疗156周时,HBeAg阳性血清学转换率24.1%。4例因检测出rtA181V/I/S位点变异改用恩替卡韦(ETV)。结论 ADV单药挽救治疗LAM耐药慢性乙型肝炎,具有一定的疗效,且更适合于低病毒载量患者。 相似文献
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目的探讨恩替卡韦与阿德福韦酯联合治疗高病毒载量慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)的疗效及安全性。方法收集2008年12月至2011年12月收治的高病毒载量CHB初治患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。对照组采用恩替卡韦(ETV)治疗,观察组采用ETV联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)治疗。观察2组患者治疗前和治疗3、6、12、24个月时的HBV DNA载量、HBsAg或HBeAg血清学转换、ALT复常及不良反应情况。计量资料2组间比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料2组间比较用χ2检验。结果观察组6、12、24个月时的HBV DNA载量(拷贝/ml)的对数值(3.4±0.4、2.6±0.3、1.2±0.4)比同期对照组降低程度更明显(3.7±0.3、2.9±0.4、1.6±0.7)(t值分别为3.339、5.657、2.806,P值均0.05)。观察组治疗12、24个月时HBV DNA阴转率(87.5%、95.0%)、HBeAg转阴率(80.0%、90.0%)明显高于对照组(70.0%、77.5%;55.0%、70.0%)(P值均0.05)。观察组治疗24个月时HBeAg血清学转换率及ALT复常率较对照组明显提高(77.5%vs 50.0%;82.5%vs 55.0%,P值均0.05)。治疗期间,2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组病毒学突破发生率明显低于对照组(0 vs 10.0%,P0.05)。结论初始联合ETV、ADV治疗高病毒载量CHB具有较强的抗病毒作用,可减少应答不佳和耐药的发生,长期临床疗效比单一使用ETV好,且安全可靠。 相似文献
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Takashi Toyama Hisashi Ishida Hiromi Ishibashi Hiroshi Yatsuhashi Makoto Nakamuta Masaaki Shimada Hajime Ohta Takeaki Satoh Michio Kato Taizo Hijioka Hirotsugu Takano Toshiki Komeda Michiyasu Yagura Hiroshi Mano Yukio Watanabe Masakazu Kobayashi Eiji Mita 《Hepatology research》2012,42(12):1168-1174
Aim: Add-on adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) therapy has been a standard rescue treatment for patients with lamivudine (LAM)-resistant chronic hepatitis B, but the overall benefits of long-term add-on ADV therapy are still limited. The aim of this study was to evaluate the long-term efficiency of add-on ADV treatment and to explore predictive factors associated with it. Methods: A total of 158 patients with LAM-resistant chronic hepatitis B were included in this retrospective, multicenter, nationwide study in Japan. After confirming LAM resistance, ADV was added to LAM treatment. Three types of events were considered as outcomes: virological response, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) clearance and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization. Virological response was defined as serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels of less than 3 log copies/mL. Baseline factors contributing to these outcomes were examined by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: The median total duration of ADV treatment was 41 months (range, 6–84). The rate of virological response was 90.8% at 4 years of treatment; HBeAg clearance and ALT normalization were achieved by 34.0% and 82.7%, respectively, at the end of follow up. Each outcome had different predictive factors: baseline HBV DNA and albumin level were predictive factors for virological response, history of interferon therapy and ALT level for HBeAg clearance, and sex and baseline albumin level for ALT normalization. Conclusion: Long-term add-on ADV treatment was highly effective in LAM-resistant chronic hepatitis B patients in terms of virological and biochemical responses. Lower HBV replication and lower albumin level at baseline led to better outcomes. 相似文献
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目的观察替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯与PEG-IFNα-2a联合恩替卡韦治疗HBe Ag阳性的高病毒载量的慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效差异。方法选取2012年11月-2015年11月在青岛市第六人民医院就诊的HBe Ag阳性、高病毒载量的慢性乙型肝炎初治患者共80例,随机分成两组,每组40例。A组为替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯抗病毒组,B组为PEG-IFNα-2a联合恩替卡韦抗病毒组。观察两组患者分别服药12、24、48周时生化学、病毒学及血清学转换率有无差异。观察两组患者病毒耐药率及不良反应发生情况。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ~2检验。结果两组患者在12、24、48周时病毒学、生化学应答率差异均无统计学意义(P值均0.05)。12、24周时两组血清学转换率无明显差异,而48周时B组HBe Ag阴转率及血清学转换率均高于A组且差异均有统计学意义(45.0%vs 67.5%,22.5%vs 45.0%,χ~2值分别为4.114 3、4.528 3,P值均0.05)。B组患者出现的不良反应高于A组。结论 PEG-IFNα-2a联合恩替卡韦和替比夫定联合阿德福韦酯均可有效抑制高载量HBV DNA的复制,延缓病情进展,实现HBe Ag的血清学转换。但两种方案各有利弊,需根据临床实际情况加以选择。 相似文献
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目的研究拉米夫定(LAM)耐药后联合阿德福韦酯(ADV)抗病毒治疗中发生病毒学突破的慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者的耐药位点和基因分型。方法收集2010年6月-2013年6月河南省人民医院收治的89例单用LAM耐药后,联合ADV抗病毒治疗的CHB患者的血清,应用实时定量PCR进行HBV拷贝检测,通过测序进行基因分型,并对rt N236T、rt A181V、rt M204V、rt L180M耐药位点进行检测。计量资料组间比较采用t检验,计数资料组间比较采用χ2检验。结果 89例患者单用LAM治疗后均发生LAM rt M204V位点突变,联合ADV治疗后,9例发生ADV rt N236T单位点突变,5例发生ADV rt A181V单位点突变,8例发生rt A181V+rt N236T双位点联合突变,累计ADV耐药率为24.7%(22/89)。89例患者的HBV基因分型中,C基因型82例,其中8例发生rt A181V+rt N236T双位点联合突变;B基因型7例。结论与B基因型相比,C基因型CHB患者单用LAM耐药后,联合ADV治疗中更易发生rt A181V+rt N236T双位点联合突变。 相似文献
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目的观察阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎的不良反应。方法 2007年12月至2012年2月慢性乙型肝炎患者共120例,排除失代偿性肝病、原发性或继发性泌尿系统疾病。所有病例治疗前无尿常规及肾功能异常。其中单一使用常规剂量阿德福韦酯治疗的初治病例85例(A组),其余35例患者予以拉米夫定或恩替卡韦治疗(B组)。治疗过程中起初12周每4周复查血尿常规及肝肾功能,之后每12周复查血尿常规、肝肾功能、血磷、血清肌酸激酶及淀粉酶等。结果 A组9例(10.59%)出现尿常规异常,包括蛋白尿、镜下血尿等,其中一过性异常5例(5.88%),持续异常4例(4.71%)。B组有1例(2.86%)一过性尿蛋白阳性。两组尿检异常率及持续尿检异常率对比差异均无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。A组5例(5.88%)尿素氮(BUN)升高,B组1例(2.86%)BUN升高,均为一过性,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。无血清肌酐(SCr)升高病例,未见其他不良反应。结论常规剂量阿德福韦酯治疗慢性乙型肝炎安全性良好。少数病例出现持续性尿检异常,可考虑换药。 相似文献
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Tenofovir versus tenofovir plus entecavir for chronic hepatitis B with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance 下载免费PDF全文
S. Lee S. H. Ahn K. S. Jung D. Y. Kim B. K. Kim S. U. Kim O. Baatarkhuu H. J. Ku K. Han J. Y. Park 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2017,24(2):141-147
We compared the viral suppressive efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) mono‐rescue therapy (TDF group) and TDF plus entecavir (ETV) combination‐rescue therapy (TDF + ETV group) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance. One hundred and thirty‐three CHB patients with lamivudine and entecavir resistance were investigated. Ninety‐six patients were treated with TDF and 37 with TDF + ETV for at least 6 months. We compared the virologic response rate (HBV DNA level <20 IU/mL) between the two groups and identified the predictive factors of treatment outcome. There were no significant differences between the two groups in demographic characteristics. Up to 24 months [median: 18 (range 6‐24) months], 85.4% and 89.2% of the TDF group and TDF + ETV group, respectively, achieved a virologic response (P=.068). Only the HBV DNA level at baseline was significantly associated with a virologic response in the multivariate analysis. In a subanalysis of patients with HBV DNA levels ≥4 log (IU/mL) at baseline, a higher proportion of patients in the TDF + ETV group than the TDF group achieved a virologic response (92.9% vs 68.3%; P<.001), while 90% of patients with HBV DNA (IU/mL) levels <4 log in all both TDF and TDF + ETV groups achieved a virologic response. TDF mono‐rescue therapy is a reasonable option in patients with lamivudine resistance and entecavir resistance. However, the combination strategy should be considered in patients with high baseline HBV DNA levels. 相似文献
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抗病毒基础上应用糖皮质激素治疗慢性重型乙型肝炎临床分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的 评价在抗病毒治疗的基础上应用糖皮质激素治疗早期慢性重型乙型肝炎的临床疗效.方法 选取63例早期慢性重型乙型肝炎患者,随机分为治疗组33例,对照组30例,其中治疗组在综合治疗的基础上应用拉米夫定或恩替卡韦抗病毒及地塞米松等糖皮质激素治疗.对照组30例采用拉米夫定或恩替卡韦抗病毒及常规综合治疗.观察两组治疗前后的临床症状、血清总胆红素、凝血酶原活动度、HBVDNA及并发症等情况.结果 8周后与对照组比较,治疗组患者血清总胆红素明显降低(P<0.05),凝血酶原活动度提升幅度大(P<0.05),肝性脑病、肝肾综合征等并发症减少(P<0.05),临床症状明显好转.4周后血清PCRHBVDNA阴转率为87.1%与对照组的85.1%相比,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗组的治疗失败率为15.2%(5/33)明显低于对照组的40.0%(12/30)(P<0.05).结论 在抗病毒治疗的基础上应用糖皮质激素对早期慢性重型乙型肝炎疗效显著,安全性好. 相似文献
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我国现有慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)患者约2000万例,其中HBeAg阳性CHB患者近60%,常常表现为ALT持续或间歇升高,HBV复制活跃,肝组织重度炎症坏死,与HBeAg阴性患者相比,有较高的肝硬化比率[1]及较快速的病情进展[2]。而持续的高病毒载量又与肝细胞癌(HCC)直接相关[3],那么最大限度地长期抑制HBV,减轻肝细胞炎症坏死及纤维化,延缓和减少肝脏失代偿、肝硬化、HCC及其并发症的发生,从而改善生存质量和延长生存时间[4]成为CHB治疗的总体目标。核苷和核苷 相似文献
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Overlap lamivudine treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B receiving adefovir for lamivudine-resistant viral mutants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Adefovir dipivoxil is effective against lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains. Whether short-term overlap lamivudine is beneficial remains unknown, particularly in patients with decompensated chronic hepatitis B. We enrolled 30 patients who underwent 48-week adefovir treatment (10 mg daily) for exacerbation of hepatitis B, associated with lamivudine-resistant mutants. Nineteen (63.3%) patients had baseline evidence of hepatic decompensation. Lamivudine was combined for or=6 months in 12 (group III). We analysed their serial alanine aninotransferase (ALT) levels, Child-Pugh (CP) score, serum viral load and lamivudine-resistant strains. We found that serum ALT became normalized in 20 (66.7%) and HBV-DNA decreased to or=2 months might lead to better virological but not biochemical outcomes in patients receiving adefovir for lamivudine-resistance HBV. As our sample size was small and the study was not randomly controlled, further studies are needed. 相似文献
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Shin HS Kim SU Park JY Kim do Y Han KH Chon CY Baatarkhuu O Ahn SH 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2012,27(9):1528-1534
Background and Aim: Little information is available about the antiviral efficacy of lamivudine (LAM) and entecavir (ETV) in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Thus, we compared the antiviral efficacy of LAM and ETV in these patients. Methods: The medical records of 134 antiviral therapy‐naïve patients with HBV‐related advanced HCC (modified Union for International Cancer Control [UICC] Tumor, Nodes, and Metastases [TNM] stages III–IV) treated between January 2005 and September 2009 were reviewed. After HCC diagnosis, 87 (64.9%) and 47 (35.1%) patients received LAM and ETV, respectively. Results: The mean age of patients (115 men, 19 women) was 53 years. Sixty‐five (48.5%) and 69 (51.5%) patients had TNM stages III and IV HCC, respectively. Treatment outcomes during follow‐up, including virologic, biochemical, and serologic responses and appearance of antiviral resistance, were similar in the LAM and ETV groups (all P > 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified Child–Pugh class, α‐fetoprotein, and TNM stage as independent predictors of overall survival (all P < 0.05). Antiviral agent type (LAM vs ETV) did not influence overall survival (median 9.6 months in LAM vs 13.6 months in ETV group; P = 0.493). HCC treatment was not interrupted due to HBV flare up in any patient. Conclusions: The antiviral efficacy of LAM and ETV was similar and the type of antiviral agent did not influence overall survival in patients with HBV‐related advanced HCC. Thus, LAM, which is less expensive than ETV in Korea, might be sufficient to control HBV in these patients. 相似文献
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目的观察拉米夫定(LAM)与阿德福韦酯(ADV)联合应用和单用ADV治疗LAM耐药HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者的疗效及安全性。方法收集2006年1月至2011年12月在本院就诊的LAM耐药HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者40例,单药组与联合组各20例,分别以ADV与LAM联合或单用ADV进行治疗。观察治疗24周、48周时的血清HBV DNA水平及转阴率、HBeAg转阴率、ALT复常率以及治疗过程中药物的不良反应和耐药性。组间比较计量资料采用t检验,计数资料采用卡方检验。结果两组患者在性别、年龄、治疗前的HBV DNA及ALT水平上差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗结束时联合组的血清HBV DNA转阴率和ALT复常率分别为90%及95%,而单药组的血清HBV DNA转阴率和ALT复常率分别为60%及65%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗结束时联合组血清HBeAg转阴率为45%,单药组为35%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.417,P=0.519)。结论 ADV联合LAM或ADV单药治疗LAM耐药HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎患者均有较好的临床疗效,但ADV与LAM联合治疗可提高HBV DNA转阴率及ALT复常率,其安全性良好,值得借鉴。 相似文献
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目的:观察恩替卡韦治疗慢性乙型肝炎(CriB)肝硬化失代偿期患者的近期疗效及安全性。方法:选取44例CHB肝硬化失代偿期患者,随机分为恩替卡韦组(22例)和拉米夫定组(22例)。两组患者均给予综合治疗,其中恩替卡韦组患者加用恩替卡韦0.5mg/次口服,1次/d;拉米夫定组患者加用拉米夫定100mg/次口服,1次/d。每周检测两组患者HBVDNA、ALT、Alb、TBil、PTA(凝血酶源活动度)及乳酸(Lactate)等指标变化,连续8周。结果:两组患者HBVDNA水平均从治疗第2周开始逐渐下降,但恩替卡韦组患者HBVDNA水平在治疗后第5周下降到低于检测下限(〈5×10^2拷贝/m1),明显快于拉米夫定组。从治疗第5周开始,恩替卡韦组患者Alb、TBil及PTA指标较拉米夫定组患者有更明显的改善。在8周的观察期内,有9例患者死亡(MELD评分均〉25),其中恩替卡韦组4例,拉米夫定组5例,两组之间病死率比较差异无显著性意义(P〉0.05)。9例死亡患者均有不同程度的高乳酸血症(2.0~4.0mmol/L),但无乳酸酸中毒发生。结论:恩替卡韦较拉米夫定有更显著的抗病毒活性,可在短期内较迅速改善CHB肝硬化失代偿期患者病情。恩替卡韦或拉米夫定均无明显的药物不良反应。血清乳酸水平的升高主要与患者病情严重有关。 相似文献
19.
Suzuki F Toyoda J Katano Y Sata M Moriyama M Imazeki F Kage M Seriu T Omata M Kumada H 《Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology》2008,23(9):1320-1326
Background and Aim: Entecavir is a potent inhibitor of both wild-type and lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus (HBV) with proven clinical efficacy. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, multicenter study in Japan (ETV-052) evaluating the efficacy and safety of two doses of entecavir in adult patients with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B infection.
Methods: Eighty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B who were refractory to lamivudine therapy were switched from lamivudine to daily oral doses of 0.5 mg entecavir (41 patients) or 1 mg entecavir (43 patients) for 52 weeks.
Results: The proportions of patients achieving the primary end-point (≥2 log10 reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline by polymerase chain reaction assay or undetectable HBV-DNA levels [<400 copies/mL] at week 48) were 90% and 93% for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively, with 33% of patients in each dosing group achieving <400 copies/mL. The mean reduction in HBV-DNA from baseline was 3.58 and 3.75 log10 copies/mL for entecavir 0.5 mg and 1 mg, respectively. High proportions of patients achieved alanine aminotransferase normalization at week 48 (0.5 mg 86%, 1 mg 78%). Histological improvement was observed in most patients (0.5 mg 52%, 1 mg 60%). Virological breakthrough (increase in HBV-DNA of ≥1 log10 copies/mL from nadir) was observed in one patient but was not associated with selection of entecavir-associated resistance substitutions. Entecavir was well tolerated, with no patients discontinuing study drug due to adverse events.
Conclusions: These findings indicate that entecavir is safe and effective for the treatment of Japanese adults with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B. 相似文献
Methods: Eighty-four patients with chronic hepatitis B who were refractory to lamivudine therapy were switched from lamivudine to daily oral doses of 0.5 mg entecavir (41 patients) or 1 mg entecavir (43 patients) for 52 weeks.
Results: The proportions of patients achieving the primary end-point (≥2 log
Conclusions: These findings indicate that entecavir is safe and effective for the treatment of Japanese adults with lamivudine-refractory chronic hepatitis B. 相似文献
20.
Two years of lamivudine therapy in anti-HBe-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
M. Buti M. Cotrina R. Jardi E. Cruz de Castro F. Rodriguez-Frias F. Sánchez-Avila R. Esteban & J. Guardia 《Journal of viral hepatitis》2001,8(4):270-275
There is no standard therapy for patients with anti-HBe-positive chronic hepatitis B. The aims of this study were to analyse the efficacy of lamivudine therapy for two years in these patients and to study the sequence variations in the precore and polymerase hepatitis B virus (HBV) regions in relation to therapy. Sixteen patients with chronic anti-HBe-positive hepatitis were treated with lamivudine (100 mg) once daily for 2 years. Levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), HBV-DNA and HBsAg were monitored during therapy. The polymerase and precore genes were amplified by polymerase chain reaction and their products were sequenced directly. Thirteen of 16 patients (81%) had a virological and biochemical response after 1 year of therapy and 11 (69%) maintained the complete response after 2 years of lamivudine therapy. Among the three patients without initial virological or biochemical response at year 1, prolonging therapy to 2 years was not associated with an increase in the response. YMDD variants were detected in 19% of cases in the first year and in 44% in the second year: YVDD being the most frequent mutations detected during year 1 and YIDD during year 2 of therapy. YMDD variants were found in 7–27% of cases with complete response depending on the duration of therapy. Our results show that prolonging lamivudine therapy is safe, well tolerated and maintains viral inhibition in anti-HBe-positive patients. However, its efficacy tends to decrease overtime and it is associated with an increase in YMDD variants, even in some cases, of complete response. 相似文献