黄芪、赤芍对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨黄芪、赤芍注射液对卡介苗(Bacillus Calmette Guerin,BCG)和脂多糖(lipopolysaeeharide,LPS)诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型的保护作用.方法:采用静脉注射BCG和LPS制备小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,观察黄芪、赤芍注射液单用及两药配伍对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的影响,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)及小鼠肝组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果:黄芪、赤芍注射液及二者配伍应用均显著降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST、LDH含量,明显提高肝组织SOD活性,降低MDA活性,配伍用药的小鼠ALT、AST、LDH、SOD、MDA五项指标变化均优于黄芪注射液单用(P0.05)、优于赤芍注射液单用(P<0.01、P>0.05、P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.05).结论:黄芪、赤芍注射液对BCG和LPS所致免疫性肝损伤有保护性作用,黄芪注射液配伍赤芍注射液对免疫性肝损伤保护性作用优于两药单用.     

当归补血汤不同配比组方的抗肝纤维化作用

目的：观察黄芪、当归不同配伍比例（5：1，1：1，1：5）的当归补血汤对大鼠肝纤维化的作用及其对肝脂质过氧化的作用特点。方法：将Wistar雄性大鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、芪归5：1方组、芪归1：1方组、芪归1：5方组及N-乙酰半胱氨酸对照组（NAC组）。以四氯化碳（CCl4）与高脂低蛋白饮食复合因素诱导大鼠肝纤维化模型，自造模之日起各药物组予灌胃6g／kg相应药物。干预6周后，观察肝组织炎症与脂肪变性及肝组织胶原沉积；测定血清肝功能指标，以及肝组织丙二醛（MDA）、羟脯氨酸（Hyp）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽-S转移酶（GST）活性；Westem印迹法分析肝组织Ⅰ型胶原蛋白表达。结果：与正常大鼠比较，模型大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）水平与总胆红素（TBIL）含量明显升高，白蛋白（Alb）含量明显降低；肝组织脂肪变性与胶原沉积明显，GST活性增强，MDA含量增加，SOD活性降低。各中药配比组均能改善模型大鼠肝组织脂肪变性与胶原病理沉积，降低肝组织Hyp含量，提高血清Alb含量和SOD活性；其中芪归5：1方组较其他配比组的综合疗效较佳，在改善模型大鼠肝组织脂质过氧化损伤（MDA含量、SOD与GST活性）、抑制肝脏Ⅰ型胶原表达、改善血清肝功能（ALT水平与TBIL含量）等方面优于其他两种配伍比例组。结论：黄芪当归5：1，1：1，1：5不同配比的当归补血汤均有良好的抗实验性大鼠肝纤维化作用，但以黄芪当归5：1的经典配比方剂综合效果较好；其作用机制与抗肝脏脂质过氧化损伤有关。     

丹参滴丸联合苦参素治疗大鼠肝纤维化的实验研究

目的 观察丹参滴丸联合苦参素对大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用.方法 60只大鼠随机分成3组,每组20只.对照组不制作模型,模型组和实验组采用CCI4四复合因素法诱导肝纤维化大鼠模型.各组每天给药1次,对照组和模型组给予蒸馏水灌胃;实验组给予丹参滴丸联合苦参素治疗,3组连续给药7周.分别于治疗前、治疗后检测各组大鼠血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性及血清总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、丙二醛(MDA)透明质酸(HA)、层粘蛋白(CN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)和Ⅳ型胶原(CⅣ)含量水平.结果 丹参滴丸联合苦参素能明显抑制肝纤维化大鼠血清中ALT、AST、SOD活性的升高,增加TP和ALB含量,降低MDA、HA、CN、PCⅢ和CⅣ含量.结论 丹参滴丸联合苦参素有明显的抗肝纤维化作用.     

不同方法提取的复方芍芪多苷对小鼠免疫性肝损伤保护作用比较

目的:比较不同方法提取的复方芍芪多苷(SQDG)对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用。方法:在建立卡介苗 脂多糖诱导免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型的基础上,用分光光度法检测血清中丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平和肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧物酶(GSH-PX)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量。结果:SQDG中剂量组与白芍总苷(TGP) 黄芪总皂苷(ASTs)中剂量组相比较,在降低小鼠血清中升高的ALT,AST水平及降低肝匀浆MDA水平上,组间差异具有显著性,对其余指标的影响无显著性。结论:SQDG120 mg/kg和TGP 105 mg/kg ASTs 15 mg/kg对免疫性肝损伤小鼠模型具有一定的药效学差异。     

水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 探讨水飞蓟素对大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤的保护作用及其作用机制.方法 32只雄性SD大鼠被随机分为4组,以乙醇灌胃法建立大鼠急性酒精性肝损伤模型,检测血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和肝匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)含量,观察肝脏病理形态学改变,并测定肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达.结果 与模型对照组比较,水飞蓟素各剂量组肝脏脂肪变性明显减轻,血清ALT活性、肝匀浆MDA水平明显降低(P＜0.01和P＜0.05),SOD活性升高(P＜0.05),肝组织中TNF-α和IL-1β表达明显减少(P＜0.01),水飞蓟素高剂量组血清AST活性也明显降低(P＜0.05).结论 水飞蓟素对大鼠急性乙醇所致肝损伤具有保护作用.     

外源性硫化氢对大鼠慢性肝纤维化的保护作用

目的观察外源性硫化氢(H2S)对四氯化碳(CCl4)致大鼠肝纤维化的保护作用。方法 CCl4复制大鼠肝纤维化模型后分为模型组和预防组,模型组给予生理盐水腹腔注射,预防组给予NaHS腹腔注射,观察各组大鼠血清中透明质酸(HA)、层黏连蛋白(LN)、Ⅲ型前胶原(PCⅢ)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)及白蛋白(Alb)的变化,以及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)活性变化及丙二醛(MDA)含量变化,并应用HE和Masson染色观察各组肝组织病理学改变。结果与模型组比较,预防组大鼠血清ALT、AST、HA、LN、PCⅢ及肝组织MDA含量均降低,而血清中Alb及肝组织中SOD及GSH-Px活性升高;病理学检测肝纤维化程度显著减轻。结论外源性H2S对CCl4诱导的大鼠慢性肝损伤具有保护作用,其机制可能与抑制肝内胶原合成、减少自由基生成、减轻脂质过氧化及抑制肝星状细胞增殖活化有关。     

丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤的保护作用

[目的] 探讨丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤目的保护作用及其机制.[方法] Wistar大鼠,随机分为3组,即正常对照组、炯熏组、丹酚酸B预防组.分别测定3组大鼠血清巾谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及乳酸脱氧酶(LDH)目的含量.同时分析血清及肝组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)目的活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量目的改变.[结果] 烟熏组与正常对照组相比,大鼠血清中AST、ALT、LDH、MDA及肝组织中MDA含量均显著增加,SOD活性显著降低(P<0.01);经丹酚酸B预处理后,与烟熏组相比,血清中AST、ALT、LDH、MDA含量及肝组织中MDA含量均降低,而SOD活性增高(P<0.05).[结论] 丹酚酸B对被动吸烟大鼠肝损伤有一定目的保护作用,其机制可能主要与抗氧自由基目的损伤有关.     

黄芪注射液对大鼠急性肝损伤保护作用的量效关系

目的观察不同剂量黄芪注射液对硫代乙酰胺(TAA)所致大鼠急性肝损伤的影响。方法将50只雄性大鼠随机分为5组,给药后测定血清中谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性,取肝组织作病理学检查。结果不同剂量组的黄芪注射液均可明显降低TAA所致大鼠血清中ALT和AST活性升高,并呈明显的量效关系。黄芪注射液组肝组织变性、坏死的程度与对照组比较明显减轻(P<0.001)。结论黄芪注射液对TAA所致大鼠急性肝损伤具有明显的保护作用。     

大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清及肝组织ALT、AST的影响

目的观察大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清和肝组织丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)及天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的影响。方法建立卡介苗(BCG)加脂多糖(LPS)诱发的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型，测定小鼠血清和肝组织ALT、AST。结果大蒜多糖C能使免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST活性显著降低，肝组织ALT、AST活性显著升高。结论大蒜多糖C对免疫性肝损伤具有保护性作用。     

山莨菪碱对小鼠免疫性肝损伤的保护作用

目的 研究山茛菪碱对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤的保护作用及可能的机制.方法 建立卡介苗与脂多糖(BCG LPS)诱导的小鼠免疫性肝损伤模型,测定血清丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT),天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平和肝匀浆丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-px)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量,计算肝脏、脾脏重量指数,并进行肝脏病理组织检查.结果 小鼠腹腔注射山莨菪碱,连用7 d,可显著降低免疫性肝损伤小鼠血清ALT、AST水平(P＜0.01),使升高的肝指数降低(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),脾指数也呈降低趋势;山莨菪碱还可明显降低肝匀浆MDA含量,使降低的肝匀浆GSH-px、SOD活性升高(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),减轻肝组织病理损伤程度.结论 山莨菪碱对小鼠急性免疫性肝损伤有明显的保护作用,保肝机制可能与其增强抗氧化活性等有关.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.