美斯地浓磷脂复合物大鼠体内药代动力学研究

【摘要】 目的 研究美斯地浓磷脂复合物在大鼠体内药代动力学特征。 方法 健康SD雄性大鼠12只,分为2组,采用双周期交叉随机实验,分别灌胃给予美斯地浓磷脂复合物混悬液（含美斯地浓 1.5 mg/kg)和美斯地浓原料药（含美斯地浓1.5 mg/kg）,于不同时间点眼底静脉丛取血,采用高效液相色谱法测定各时间点血药浓度。采用DAS 2.1.1药动学程序对有关参数进行分析。 结果 美斯地浓磷脂复合物的药代动力学参数为:达峰时间(Tmax) 2 h,峰浓度(Cmax) 22.79 μg/mL, 药时曲线下面积(AUC0-∞) 7128.21 μg·min/mL,而美斯地浓原料药为:Tmax 2 h, Cmax 6.00 μg/mL, AUC0-∞ 1772.36 μg·min/mL,美斯地浓磷脂复合物相对生物利用度是原料药的410.98%。 结论 美斯地浓磷脂化后能明显提高其口服生物利用度。     

环维黄杨星D磷脂复合物药代动力学评价

目的 建立柱前衍生化HPLC/FLD法测定SD大鼠血浆中环维黄杨星D(CB)的含量,考察SD大鼠口服灌胃给予CB磷脂复合物(CBPC)药代动力学特征.方法 以溶剂挥发法制备CBPC.采用星点设计优化制备工艺,以磷脂/CB、主药浓度作为考察指标,以复合率为评价指标.雄性SD大鼠12只,随机分为2组,口服灌胃给予CBPC和CB(60mg/kg,以CB计)后,分别在15 min、30min、1、2、3、4、5、6、8、12、24 h等时间点于大鼠眼底静脉丛取血,以HPLC/FLD法测定血浆中CB的浓度.采用C1s色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm),以甲醇-水(85∶15)为流动相,流速1.0mL·min-1,荧光检测激发波长231nm,发射波长385 nm,柱温25℃.结果 CBPC和CB的主要药动学参数如下:AUC0-t为(1 703.81±549.38)μg·h·L-1和(619.93±75.67) μg·h·L-1;Tmax为(6.00±0)h和(4.33±0)h;Cmax为(82.32士9.55)μg·L-1和(69.27±8.66) μg· L-1.CBPC的相对生物利用度为274.84％.结论 磷脂复合物提高了CB的大鼠口服生物利用度.     

苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片药代动力学与相对生物利用度

目的 建立人体血浆中苯磺酸氨氯地平的高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法,用于研究苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片在人体的药代动力学及相对生物利用度.方法 20例健康男性志愿者单剂量口服苯磺酸氨氯地平分散片受试制剂或参比制剂10mg后,用高效液相色谱-质谱测定方法测定氨氯地平的血药浓度,用DAS 2.0药动学软件求算药动学参数,以双单侧t检验进行生物等效性评价.结果 受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数:Tmax为6.1±1.2小时, 6.9±1.7小时; Cmax分别为8.0±2.2 ng/(ml·h),8.0±2.0ng/ml;t1/2为30.4±5.9小时, 26.5±6.2小时; AUC0-t为259.1±37.8小时, 270.7±53.7ng/(ml·h), AUC0-∞为275.4±40.1 ng/(ml·h), 283.1±56.2 ng/(ml·h).相对生物利用度F=97.6%±14.8%.结论 两制剂为等效制剂.     

黎药材海南牛耳枫大鼠体内药动学研究

目的研究大鼠灌胃给药海南牛耳枫提取物后槲皮素在大鼠体内的药物动力学特征。方法采用LC-MS/MS法,测定灌胃给药后大鼠血浆中槲皮素的浓度变化,用DAS2.0药动学软件处理,计算药动学参数。结果大鼠灌胃给药海南牛耳枫提取物后槲皮素在大鼠体内动力学参数为Tmax=（0.195±0.155）h,Cmax=（35.00±15.30）ng/ml,AUC0-t=（66.82±21.77）ng/（ml·h）,t1/2=（5.736±2.513）h。结论该法选择性强、灵敏度高,适用于药材及制剂中槲皮素的体内药动学研究。     

家兔持续静脉输注HX0507的药代动力学研究

目的 观察家兔持续恒速静脉输注水溶性丙泊酚(HX0507)后,HX0507与其活性代谢产物PROPOFOLHX0507的药代动力学特征. 方法 30只成年家兔雌雄各半,随机分为高、中、低3个速率组,分别以3.0 mg/(kg·min)、2.5 mg/(kg·min)、2.0 mg/(kg·min)的速率持续恒速静脉输注HX0507 60 min.各组家兔分别于给药前后采集动、静脉血样,应用高效液相色谱-质谱检测法检测血浆中HX0507、PROPOFOLHX0507、甲酸盐的药物浓度,应用DAS ver1.0软件计算药代动力学参数.家兔的生命体征及生理反射作为其药效学的评价指标. 结果 高、中、低3个速率组HX0507的主要药代参数:t1/2α分别为(4.0±1.2) min、(4.1±0.9) min、(4.2±0.7) min;AUC∞分别为[(967.4±659.6)×104] mg/(L·min)、[(935.0±539.1)×104] mg/(L·min)、[(809.2±551.4)×104] mg/(L·min);Tmax分别为(38.2±18.2)min、(43.8±16.4) min、(28.2±14.6) min;Cmax分别为(238.3±190.7) mg/mL、(219.9±133.0) mg/mL、(179.4±113.2) mg/mL;高、中、低3个速率组PROPOFOLHX0507的主要药代参数:t1/2α分别为(7.5±3.8) min、(9.7±2.7) min、(9.7±2.9) min;AUC∞分别为(736.6±841.6) mg/(L·min)、(731.4±302.2) mg/(L·min)、(682.3±271.5) mg/(L·min);Tmax分别为(45.5±9.3) min、(53.0±11.6) min、(54.0±7.8) min;Cmax分别为[(12.2±9.0)×10-3] mg/mL、[(12.7±6.0)×10-3] mg/mL、[(10.3±3.7)×10-3] mg/mL.结论 HX0507、PROPOFOLHX0507均符合一级消除动力学的二室模型.     

西酞普兰片的生物利用度和生物等效性研究

目的 研究国产和进口西酞普兰片在健康男性体内的生物利用度与生物等效性.方法 采用双周期交叉实验设计,将18名男性健康受试者随机等分成2组,分别单次口服西酞普兰受试制剂或参比制剂40mg,在设计的时间点取静脉血.采用高效液相色谱法测定血浆中西酞普兰的浓度,由血药浓度数据获得各自时间曲线下面积(AUC)、峰浓度(Cmax)和达峰时间(Tmax)等药动学参数,以SPSS 10.0软件对主要药动学参数进行方差检验,以t检验进行生物等效性判断.结果 西酞普兰片受试制剂组和参比制剂组的AUC0→144、AUC0→∞、Tmax和Cmax分别为1665±318 ng·h/mL和167l±346 ng·h/mL、1806±372 ng·h/mL和1823±405 ng·h/mL、4.6±0.9 h和4.6±1.4 h、34.3±3.8 ng/mL和35.2±4.3 ng/mL.受试制剂对参比制剂的相对生物利用度为100.5%±10.8%.统计学处理表明受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数之间无明显差异,受试制剂与参比制剂为生物等效制剂.结论 受试制剂国产西酞普兰片与参比制剂进口西酞普兰片为生物等效制剂.     

黄连、吴茱萸药对中盐酸小檗碱在急性胃溃疡模型大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的比较黄连-吴茱萸药对提取液中盐酸小檗碱在急性胃溃疡模型大鼠与正常大鼠体内的药代动力学差异,探讨病理状态对盐酸小檗碱体内过程的影响。方法分别灌胃给予正常大鼠和急性胃溃疡模型大鼠黄连-吴茱萸(6:1)药对提取液,采用高效液相色谱方法测定大鼠体内盐酸小檗碱的血浆浓度,色谱柱:Diamonsil C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm);流动相:乙腈-甲醇-0.05mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液(23∶12∶65),流速:1.0ml/min;检测波长:345nm;柱温:30℃。结果盐酸小檗碱在正常组的药代动力学参数:Cmax=0.064±0.01μg/ml;Tmax=(0.42±0.13)h;t1/2=(5.96±1.16)h;AUC0-t=(0.42±0.08)μg/(ml.h);AUC0-∞=(0.45±0.09)μg/(ml.h)。盐酸小檗碱在模型组的药代动力学参数:Cmax=(0.069±0.01)μg/ml;Tmax=(0.54±0.11)h;t1/2=(5.11±1.78)h;AUC0-t=(0.60±0.17)μg/(ml.h);AUC0-∞=(0.63±0.18)μg/(ml.h)。结论黄连-吴茱萸药对在乙醇致急性胃溃疡模型大鼠中吸收减慢,但是吸收量多,体内滞留时间稍延长。     

隐丹参酮单剂量和多剂量给药在大鼠体内药代动力学研究

目的 评价单剂量和多剂量灌胃隐丹参酮(Cryptotanshinone,CTS)的药动学特征.方法 将20只SD雄性大鼠随机分为单剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,1d)、多剂量组(隐丹参酮10 mg/kg,每天1次,连续10 d)给予灌胃后,用LC-MS/MS法测定血浆中隐丹参酮的浓度.血药浓度数据用DAS 2.0药代动力学软件处理,按两室模型拟合并求算药代动力学参数.结果 隐丹参酮单剂量给药后,Cmax为(12.16±14.11)ng/mL,Tmax为(2.88±2.56)h,T1/2为(3.70±3.50)h,MRT为(6.69±0.54)h,AUC0-24为(58.40±25.73)ng·h/mL;多剂量给药后,Cav为(1.95±0.61)ng/mL,Tmax为(3.20±2.08)h,T1/2为(7.12±5.06)h,AUCss为(46.74±14.51)ng·h/mL,DF为2.42±0.28.单剂量和多剂量的AUC0-24、Tmax、T1/2差异无统计学意义.结论 隐丹参酮长期给药后无蓄积风险.     

2,3-吲哚醌在大鼠体内的药代动力学研究

目的考察单次静脉注射和口服给予大鼠2,3-吲哚醌后的药代动力学,为该药的新药开发提供依据。方法大鼠给药后经眼眶静脉采大约0.25 ml血液,采集时间点为：给予受试物前（0hr）和给予受试物后5 min,15min,30 min,1 h,2 h,4 h,6 h,8 h和24 h。血液样本采集后置于冰上,并立即取出50μl全血采用甲醇蛋白沉淀进行预处理,奎硫平作为内标。预处理后样品采用LC/MS/MS法进行测定,并用药动学处理软件WinNonlin 5.2采用非房室模型计算相关药代动力学参数。结果 Sprague Dawley大鼠静脉注射和口服两种制剂的药动学参数（平均值±标准偏差）如下。静脉注射：Tmax为0.83±0.29 hr,Cmax为141.53±10.99μg/L,T1/2为1.68±0.84 hr,AUC0-t为1068.15±389.06μg.hr/L,AUC0-∞为1211.19±469.18μg.hr/L,Vz为4.13±1.41 L/kg,CLz为1.89±0.94 L/hr/kg;口服：Tmax为0.05±0.00 hr,Cmax为1725.53±469.70 ng/ml,t 1/2为4.21±2.78 hr,AUC0-t为7711.21±2533.12μg.hr/L,AUC0-∞为7986.07±2623.38μg.hr/L,以AUC0-t计算,生物利用度平均为57.75±18.97%。结论 2,3-吲哚醌大鼠体内消除较快,可能存在非线性消除,口服吸收较好。     

吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统的大鼠体内药动学研究

目的 研究吲哚美辛口服自微乳化给药系统(IDM-SMEDDS)在大鼠体内的药动学特征.方法 大鼠灌胃给予IDM-SMEDDS(给药剂量按IDM计为8.0 mg/kg),采用HPLC法测定IDM在大鼠血浆中的药物浓度,以IDM原料药制备混悬液作为参比,绘制两者血药浓度-时间曲线,DAS Ver2.0药动学软件计算药动学参数.结果 IDM-SMEDDS的药动学过程符合二室模型,权重因子为1/C2,IDM混悬液的药动学过程符合一室模型,权重因子为1/C2;大鼠口服IDM-SMEDDS的Cmax为42.56 μg/mL、Tmax为1h、AUC0-48h为814.25(μg·h)/mL,口服IDM混悬液的Cmax为9.72 μg/mL、Tmax为6h、AUC0-48 h为134.57(μg·h)/mL.结论 自微乳化给药系统可以提高吲哚美辛的口服生物利用度.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.