探析周仲瑛教授辨治肿瘤的经验

概述了周仲瑛对肿瘤起病、发病的基本认识,总结了周老治疗各类肿瘤以辨证为主,有机结合辨病,扶正祛邪当有主次轻重,祛邪重在消除痰、气、瘀、毒,扶正重在补益气血阴阳等证治要点及临证体会,强调临证时应注意辨证与辨病、局部与整体、祛邪与扶正、攻毒与解毒的关系及遣方用药的注意事项。      

癌毒病机辨治体系的构建

程海波教授团队传承国医大师周仲瑛教授“癌毒”学术思想,创建了癌毒病机理论。近年来,为推广癌毒病机理论的临床应用,进一步构建中医肿瘤癌毒病机辨治体系。提出癌毒病机辨证要点首辨特异性病邪:癌毒,重在辨癌毒的致病特性、兼夹病邪、致病部位、邪气盛衰;其次辨非特异性病邪:郁、风、寒、热、湿、痰、瘀等;最后辨正虚,主要辨脏腑的虚损、气血阴阳的亏虚。提出恶性肿瘤的基本病机为“邪毒蕴结、正气亏虚”,治疗原则为“祛邪解毒、扶正固本”。祛邪即为祛邪复衡,主要包括理气、祛风、散寒、清热、祛湿、化痰、祛瘀法等;解毒即为抗癌解毒,主要包括理气解毒、化痰解毒、祛瘀解毒、祛湿解毒、清热解毒、祛风解毒、温阳解毒、以毒攻毒等八法;扶正固本主要包括益气、养阴、补血、温阳法和调补脏腑法。癌毒病机辨治体系的构建,通过提出以癌毒病机为核心辨证分型,解决目前中医肿瘤按病种辨证分型繁杂难以掌握的难题;提出癌毒病机临床辨识的四个要点,实现癌毒辨识诊疗技术瓶颈的突破;提出抗癌解毒法的学术内涵,形成抗癌解毒八法;提出抗癌解毒中药分类,推动中医肿瘤辨治的临床精准用药。      

虫类攻毒法、草木解毒法对小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤的抑制作用及其机制的研究

目的研究虫类攻毒法、草木解毒法对小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤的抑制作用及其作用机制。方法参照文献方法复制小鼠Lewis肺癌移植瘤模型,用虫类攻毒方、草木解毒方进行干预,观察其对小鼠体重、胸腺指数、抑瘤率以及瘤细胞增殖周期的影响。结果虫类攻毒方、草木解毒方均可减轻Lewis肺癌移植瘤对小鼠体重及胸腺指数的影响,并可抑制肿瘤的生长和瘤细胞的增殖周期,与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论虫类攻毒方、草木解毒方的抗肿瘤作用确切,虫类攻毒方抗肿瘤作用优于草木解毒方。其作用机制主要为：调控肿瘤细胞G0/S位点,使肿瘤细胞阻滞于G0期,不再进入有丝分裂,从而达到抑制肿瘤的作用;虫类攻毒方、草木解毒方可以通过激活胸腺功能,调节机体的免疫系统,从而起到增强免疫、对抗肿瘤的作用。     

基于癌毒病机理论探析扶正固本方药的应用思路及配伍规律

从癌毒病机理论出发梳理了周仲瑛教授辨治肿瘤的经验,阐述了"扶正补虚固本"与"祛邪抗癌解毒"之间的辩证关系,提出了以抗癌解毒为治疗核心,健脾和胃固本为辅的肿瘤辨治策略.结合癌毒易损正的病机特点,在扶正补虚中应尤为重视益气养阴治法和相关方药的应用,为临床抗肿瘤辨治提供指导和参考.     

刘伟胜辨治肝癌思路

总结刘伟胜教授辨治肝癌的临证思路。在肝癌的中医辨证治疗中,刘伟胜教授认为该病多因感受肝炎邪毒、七情内伤或饮食劳倦,致脏腑气血亏虚,肝郁脾虚,气滞、血瘀、湿热、痰毒交织,发而为病。其病位在肝,同时与脾、肾二脏密切相关。对于肝癌的治疗,刘伟胜教授主张采用中西医结合综合序贯治疗,强调中医药的全程运用以增效解毒。治疗上强调辨证、辨病、对症相结合;重视木土关系,尤重视实脾法的运用;强调疏理肝气,调畅情志;善用毒药攻毒散结,以改善患者生活质量,延长患者生存时间,实现"带瘤生存"。     

李平教授基于“毒生病络”理论治疗结直肠癌临证经验

中医药在结直肠癌全程治疗中发挥重要作用。李平教授总结多年临床经验认为元气化生异常、内生瘤毒是肿瘤形成的原因,毒生病络是肿瘤增殖的始动因素与基础,并从辩证论治出发,拟定益气养阴解毒通络方以益气扶正、攻击瘤毒,抑制病络的无序增生,在临床中取得很好的疗效。     

运用癌毒病机理论辨治胃癌的探析

胃癌是常见恶性肿瘤,中医药治疗肿瘤具有一定优势。国医大师周仲瑛教授首倡癌毒病机理论,运用癌毒病机理论辨治恶性肿瘤取得了良好的疗效。对运用癌毒病机理论辨治胃癌进行探讨,癌毒蕴胃是胃癌的关键病机,癌毒与痰瘀湿热搏结,形成复杂的复合病机;治疗时应以抗癌解毒为根本大法,根据兼夹病邪属性,配合其他治法,方能取得较好疗效。      

国医大师周仲瑛谈中医肿瘤防治的若干问题

基于当前中医防治肿瘤有关现状,周仲瑛教授提出了八个方面的论点:慎用攻伐,邪衰正耗;解毒攻毒,主次有别;精准治疗,重视个体;多法综合,减毒增效;改恶从善,逆转病变;后续治疗,杜其复发;心身调护,增加信心;饮食宜忌,因人而异。以期进一步为中医肿瘤临床辨治提供指导。      

论“扶正解毒”与“解毒复正”辨治恶性肿瘤异同

回溯历代中医典籍对“扶正解毒”与“解毒复正”理论内涵的分析,探讨“扶正解毒”与“解毒复正”辨治恶性肿瘤异同。“扶正解毒”和“解毒复正”皆以肿瘤生长转归的两大基础“正”与“毒”为依据。“扶正解毒”强调扶正以纠偏,偏去能匡正,正足则毒散,以“扶正”为第一要务,具体方法包括温阳养阴、理气开郁、补益脾肾等。“解毒复正”注重解毒以祛邪,邪去则正复,正足则复常,其关键在“解毒”,攻除实邪、寻因解毒、以毒攻毒等手段皆为此类。通过临床应用举例,体现两法的可行性与疗效肯定性,为临床肿瘤治疗提供新思路,具有重要的指导意义。     

运用“虚毒致癌”理论指导肺癌患者饮食治疗

中医食疗是中医药治疗肿瘤的重要组成部分,本文从机理和具体操作上探讨运用笔者提出的“虚毒致癌”理论,并用于指导肺患者饮食治疗。从肿瘤的发病机理上看,阴阳失调是总因,具体可分为“因虚致毒成,毒聚使癌生”。针对肿瘤（肺癌）的病机,在其食疗应用上主张从补虚扶正气和解毒攻癌毒两方面着手操作,同时主张遵循辨证施膳等原则以提高肺癌的食疗疗效。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.