Association of elevated B-type natriuretic peptide levels with angiographic findings among patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels would be associated with a greater severity of angiographic disease and a greater extent of myocardium at risk. BACKGROUND: Elevations of BNP have been associated with increased risk of adverse outcomes in patients with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI). METHODS: Of the 2,220 patients with UA/NSTEMI enrolled in the Treat Angina with Aggrastat and Determine Cost of Therapy with an Invasive or Conservative Strategy-Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction-18 (TACTICS-TIMI-18) trial, 276 randomized to the invasive arm had both baseline BNP levels and angiographic core laboratory data. Patients were categorized according to their baseline BNP levels as < or =80 or >80 pg/ml. RESULTS: A total of 233 patients (84%) had BNP levels >80 pg/ml, and 43 (16%) had admission BNP levels >80 pg/ml. Patients with BNP >80 pg/ml had tighter culprit vessel stenosis on quantitative coronary angiography (median stenosis 76% vs. 67%, p = 0.004) and a higher (slower) corrected TIMI frame count (median CTFC 43 vs. 30, p = 0.018) in the culprit vessel. The median BNP level was higher in patients with a left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) versus non-LAD culprit lesion location (median BNP level 40 vs. 24 pg/ml, p = 0.005), and the culprit artery was more often the LAD in patients with BNP >80 pg/ml compared with < or =80 pg/ml (44% vs. 30%, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with UA/NSTEMI, elevated BNP levels are associated with tighter culprit stenosis, higher CTFC, and LAD involvement. These findings suggest that elevated BNP may be associated with a greater severity and extent of myocardial ischemic territory during the index event and may partly explain the association between elevated BNP and adverse outcomes.     

B型脑钠肽在评估非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者预后中的价值

目的:目前急性冠脉综合征中ST段抬高心肌梗死患者B型脑钠肽水平增高及意义已得到广泛的认同,但对于非ST段抬高心肌梗死(Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction,NSTEMI)和不稳定性心绞痛(Unstable ansina,UA)患者B型脑钠肽的变化及差别尚不肯定.本文通过分析其规律及与近期心血管事件的关系,用于危险分层评估. 方法:入选急性冠脉综合征患者138例,其中NSTEMI组69例,UA组69例,同时人选胸痛就诊但冠状动脉造影正常的患者30例作为对照组.所有患者于发病6小时从周围静脉中留取血样测定B型脑钠肽,同期测定全血肌钙蛋白I.随访3个月内主要不良心血管事件的发生率. 结果:①NSTEMI组、UA组、对照组B型脑钠肽水平分别为54.9 pg/ml(四分位区间为18.20 pg/ml至81.85 pg/ml)、13.9 pg/ml(四分位区间为8.00 ps/ml至26.45 ps/ml和9.4 pg/ml(四分位区间为5.00 pg/ml至12.6 pg/ml),3组之间比较差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.NSTEMI组B型脑钠肽水平最高,并且与全血肌钙蛋白I水平呈正相关(r:0.675,P<0.001).②随访3个月,138例中有30例患者(21.7%)发生主要不良心血管事件,发生者B型脑钠肽水平高于未发生者(31.3 pg/ml vs 19.35 pg/ml),P=0.001. 结论:非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者早期B型脑钠肽水平明显升高,并且B型脑钠肽水平与近期心血管事件的发生有一定相关性,可应用于危险分层的评估.     

急性心肌梗死患者血浆脑钠素浓度的变化及其临床意义

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）后血B型利钠肽（BNP）水平的变化及其临床意义。方法：顺序入选2010年1月至2011年10月在我院CCU病房住院的AMI患者200例,其中ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（STEMI）135例为STEMI组,非ST段抬高型心肌梗塞（NsTEMI）65例为NSTEMI组;另选择有心绞痛或冠状动脉无狭窄的患者110例作为心绞痛及正常对照组。采用美国博适公司Triage型BNP定量诊断仪测定BNP浓度。结果：①AMI组BNP浓度明显高于心绞痛及正常对照组[（467±645）pg／ml比（29±50）pg／mi,P〈0．01];②不同类型的心肌梗死（STEMI和NSTEMI）之间BNP水平无明显差异[（586±574）ng／ml比（460±435）ng／ml,P〉0．051。结论：检测B型利钠肽浓度对急性心梗患者的诊断、治疗有重要的临床意义。     

氨基末端脑钠肽前体对不稳定型心绞痛和(或)非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变程度的预测

目的:评价氨基末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)和不稳定型心绞痛和(或)非ST段抬高心肌梗死(UA/USTEMI)患者冠状动脉病变程度的关系及NT-proBNP对3支病变或(和)左主干病变的预测价值。方法:入选因胸痛住院治疗并接受冠状动脉造影检查的患者174例,按NT-proBNP水平分为4个百分位数组,BNP≤P25(490 fmol/L)组、P25~P50(490~756 fmol/L)组、P51~P75(756~1 014 fmol/L)组和>P75(>1 014 fmol/L)组。分析各组间不同冠状动脉病变程度差异,以受试者工作曲线(ROC)来分析NT-proBNP预测三支病变或(和)左主干病变的价值。结果:>P75组冠状动脉3支病变或(和)左主干狭窄比率显著高于≤P25组、P26~P50组和P51~P75组,而单支病变比率显著低于上述3组;Gensini积分随着4组的NT-proBNP水平升高亦增高,且>P75组显著高于≤P25组和P26~50组。ROC分析示NT-proBNP用于判断三支病变或(和)左主干狭窄差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),NT-proBNP水平越高则3支病变或(和)左主干病变的可能性越大;NT-proBNP水平为780 fmol/L时,其预测3支病变或(和)左主干病变的灵敏度为71.6%,特异度为68.7%。结论:在UA/USTEMI患者中NT-proBNP水平越高,其冠状动脉病变程度越重,NT-proBNP可作为预测UA/NSETEMI患者3支病变或(和)左主干病变的一个有效指标。     

冠心病患者内皮素水平的变化及其与冠脉病变的关系

目的：探讨冠心病患者血浆内皮素（ET）水平变化与冠状动脉病变的关系.方法：选择2012年12月至2013年12月在我院心内科住院确诊的冠心病患者130例,其中稳定型心绞痛（SAP）、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）各40例,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死（NSTEMI）、ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）各25例;多支血管病变58例,单支病变72例.冠状动脉造影正常者50名为非冠心病正常对照组.检测各组ET浓度并进行比较分析.结果：（1）冠心病各组血浆ET水平均显著高于非冠心病对照组（P均＜0.01）;STEMI组、NSTEMI组血浆ET水平显著高于UAP组和SAP组[（95.6±14.7） pg/ml、（89.6±11.2） pg/ml比（67.2±8.5） pg/ml比（35.7±5.8） pg/m门,且UAP组显著高于SAP组（P均＜0.01）,STEMI组和NSTEMI两组间比较无显著差异（P＞0.05）;（2）冠心病组中多支血管病变组血浆ET水平显著高于单支血管病变组[（81.3±12.6） pg/ml比（64.5±10.3） pg/ml],P＜0.01.结论：冠心病患者血内皮素水平显著升高,其检测对于观察病情、判断预后有重要临床意义.     

炎症因子CTRP1血清水平与冠心病的研究

目的:探讨补体C1q肿瘤坏死因子相关蛋白1(CTRP1)血清水平与稳定型心绞痛(SA)和急性冠脉综合征(ACS)的关系。方法:将1263例在我院接受冠状动脉造影的患者分为正常对照组(n=396)、SA组(n=451)和ACS组(n=416)。再将ACS组分为ST段抬高型心梗组(STEMI)和不稳定型心绞痛/非ST段抬高型心梗(UA/NSTEMI)组。采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清CTRP1水平。结果:ACS组血清CTRP1水平明显高于其他两组,SA组血清CTRP1水平显著高于正常对照组。STEMI组血清CTRP1水平显著高于UA/NSTEMI组(P<0.01)。SA亚组分析显示,多支病变组血清CTRP1显著高于单支病变组。冠心病患者血清CTRP1水平与肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、高敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)水平呈正相关。结论:CTRP1可能参与冠心病发病。     

脑钠肽对不稳定型心绞痛和(或)非ST段抬高心肌梗死患者冠状动脉病变程度的预测

目的:评价脑钠肽和不稳定型心绞痛和(或)非ST段抬高心肌梗死(UA/NSTEMI)患者冠状动脉(冠脉)病变程度的关系及脑钠肽对左主干狭窄的预测价值.方法:对资料完整的141例UA/NSTEMI按脑钠肽(BNP)水平分为4个百分位数组,BNP≤P25(78.0 ng/L)组、P26～P50(78.1～26.5 ng/L)组、P51～P75(265.1～368.0 ng/L)组和8＞P75(368.0 ng/L)组.对各组间不同冠脉病变支数的百分率进行X2检验,以受试者工作曲线(ROC)来分析BNP预测左主干狭窄的临床意义.结果:＞P75组冠脉3支病变比率显著高于≤P25组、P26～P50组和P51～P75组,而单支冠脉病变比率显著低于上述3组;Gensini积分随着4组的BNP水平升高亦增高,且＞P75组显著高于≤P25组和P26～P50组.ROC分析示BNP用于判断左主干狭窄有显著意义(P＜0.01),BNP水平越高则左主干狭窄的可能性越大;BNP水平为310 ng/L时,其预测左主干狭窄的灵敏度为84.2%,特异度为70.5%.结论:在UA/NSTEMl患者中BNP水平越高,其冠脉病变程度越重,BNP可作为预测UA/NSETEMI患者左主干狭窄的一个有效指标.     

床旁检测N末端脑钠肽前体对非ST段抬高性急性冠脉综合征患者的意义

目的探讨非sT段抬高性急性冠脉综合征（Non-STelevationacutecoronarysyndrome,NSTEACS）患者血浆N末端脑钠肽前体（N-terminalpro-B-typenatriureticpeptide,NT-pro-BNP）浓度与冠状动脉病变程度及住院期主要心血管事件的关系。方法入选NSTEACS患者129例,其中不稳定型心绞痛（UA）组84例,非ST段抬高性急性心肌梗死non-STelevationmyocardialinfarction,NSTEMI）组45例,另外选择同期住院的稳定型心绞痛（SA）组58例作为对照组。所有患者均测定血浆NT-pm-BNP浓度及左心室射血分数（LVEF）,行冠状动脉造影术,采用Gensini积分评价冠状动脉病变的严重程度,并记录住院期间主要心血管事件。结果NSTEMI组和不稳定型心绞痛组的血浆NT-pro-BNP浓度及Gensini积分明显高于稳定型心绞痛组,且NSTEMI组高于不稳定型心绞痛组,差异有统计学意义[1g（NT-pro-BNP）：（2．31±0．21）pg／mL vs．（1．92±0．17）pg／mLm（1．46±0．11）pg／mL,P〈0．05;Gensini积分：（36．3±16．7）分VS．（16．3±10．3）分US．（8．7±4．6）分,P〈0．05]。NSTE-ACS组的1g（NT-pro-BNP）与Gensini积分相关（r=0．57,P〈0．05）。NT-pro-BNP〉154pg／mL组主要心血管事件发生率增加。结论床旁检测NT-pro-BNP是预测NSTEACS患者的冠状动脉病变程度及短期预后的有效临床手段。     

急性冠脉综合征患者血浆脑钠素检测及其意义

目的观察急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者入院时血浆脑钠素(BNP)浓度,分析其与左室射血分数(LVEF)和心肌坏死标记物肌钙蛋白(IcTnI)的相关性,探讨其临床意义。方法73例急性冠脉综合征患者,按临床类型分为急性心肌梗死(AMI)组46例和不稳定性心绞痛(UA)组27例。同时从体检中心选择11例健康体检者作为健康对照组。ELISIA方法检测ACS患者血浆BNP和cTnI浓度,用超声心动图测定左室射血分数(LVEF),比较不同组别差异,并分析BNP与LVEF和cTnI的相关性。结果AMI组平均血浆BNP浓度明显高于UA组和正常对照组(P<0.01),UA组血浆BNP亦高于正常对照组(P<0.01)。AMI组BNP与LVEF呈负相关(r=-0.673,P<0.01),与cTnI呈正相关(r=0.398,P<0.05)。结论ACS患者入院时血浆BNP即明显升高,且各临床类型的血浆BNP水平存在差异,BNP水平不仅可以反映急性心梗患者心功能状态,而且也可以反映心肌坏死程度。     

B-type natriuretic peptide and extent of lesion on coronary angiography in stable coronary artery disease

OBJECTIVE: Although it is well established that plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels are higher in patients with acute coronary syndromes, the relationship between plasma BNP level and stable coronary artery disease is not clear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between plasma BNP levels and the extent of obstructive lesions on coronary angiography in stable coronary artery patients. METHODS: Plasma BNP concentrations were measured in 62 patients with a diagnosis of stable angina pectoris who had a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) >or=45% on echocardiographic evaluation. Coronary angiography was performed for all patients, who were than divided into two groups according to the results of the angiography. Group I consisted of the patients who had a lesion leading to an obstruction of the lumen in any coronary artery by less than 50% or those who had normal coronary arteries. All other patients constituted group II. RESULTS: In group I (n=26), the mean plasma BNP level was 64.8+/-29.5 pg/ml. In group II (n=36), it was 99.7+/-55.4 pg/ml. BNP was significantly higher in group II (P=0.007) than group I. The BNP concentration of the patients with one-vessel disease (n=12), two-vessel disease (n=16), and three-vessel disease (n=8) were 77.9+/-34.9 pg/ml, 109.3+/-67.9 pg/ml, 113.3+/-48.1 pg/ml consecutively. In this respect, the plasma BNP was significantly higher in the groups with more extended vessel disease (P=0.02). When we compared the patients according to involvement of left anterior descending artery (LAD), BNP levels were significantly higher in this group, (116.1+/-55.8 pg/ml versus 64.1+/-30.2 pg/ml; P=0.001). CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of BNP were higher in patients who have stable coronary artery disease with preserved left ventricular systolic function. The level of increase in plasma BNP concentration was positively correlated with the extent of lesion and LAD involvement on coronary angiography.     

Serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-2 and interleukin-10 activation in stable angina and acute coronary syndromes

BACKGROUND: Dynamic instability of coronary atherosclerotic plaque results in the development of both unstable angina and myocardial infarction. The aim of the study was to investigate the dynamics of serum concentrations of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-2 in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and unstable angina (UA) as compared to stable angina (SA) patients and healthy volunteers. METHODS: A total of 189 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were studied: 100 patients with SA (class II/III according to CCS), 57 patients with UA (Braunwald class IIIB; determinations at 6, 24, and 48 h after chest pain), and 32 patients with MI (determinations at admission, on the 7th and 30th days after MI). Twenty healthy volunteers acted as controls. RESULTS: Serum TNFalpha levels were elevated in all CAD groups (SA: 17.3+/-4; UA: 18.7+/-4; MI: 22.0+/-3 pg/ml; p<0.001) in comparison to the controls (8.3+/-1.4 pg/ml). However, the highest values were characteristic of MI patients, especially values obtained at admission (p<0.01 versus SA and UA). Mean serum concentrations of IL-2 were significantly higher in patients with MI and UA (89.6+/-40; 87.0+/-24 pg/ml, respectively; p<0.01) when compared to SA and the control group (58.3+/-49; and 51.5+/-39, respectively). Serum IL-10 levels were also higher in MI and UA patients. Levels of IL-2 and IL-10 measured following chest pain in unstable patients, as well as their consecutive determinations in MI patients did not show any change dynamics, that is, they were persistently elevated. CONCLUSIONS: When compared to stable CAD and healthy subjects, acute coronary syndromes are associated with long-term increase of serum concentrations of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. It seems likely that sudden CAD progression leading to acute coronary syndromes is triggered/accompanied by prolonged immune activation.     

Clinical significance of acute-phase brain natriuretic peptide in acute myocardial infarction treated with direct coronary angioplasty

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the relationship between brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) plasma concentration levels and the clinical course, mortality and success of left ventricular remodeling by direct percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. METHODS: One hundred thirty consecutive first-acute myocardial infarction patients were successfully reperfused by direct PCI. BNP plasma concentration levels were assessed at 24 hr from onset, and patients were divided into the high (> or = 290 pg/ml) plasma BNP group (H-BNP group; n = 65) or low (< 290 pg/ml) plasma BNP subset (L-BNP group; n = 65). Left ventriculography was performed in both the acute (following reperfusion therapy) and chronic (20 +/- 8 days after onset) stages to evaluate left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end-diastolic volume index (LVEDVI) and regional wall motion (RWM). Differences between the parameters at the two stages (chronic stage--acute stage) were expressed as delta LVEF, delta LVEDVI, and delta RWM. RESULTS: There were significantly more major complications in the H-BNP group than in the L-BNP group. There was significantly higher mortality in the H-BNP group (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified only BNP plasma concentration as an independent predictor of mortality (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences in left ventricular function in the acute stage between the groups, but LVEF, LVEDVI, and RWM were all significantly worse in the chronic stage in the H-BNP group compared with the L-BNP group. Moreover, delta LVEF (p < 0.001), delta LVEDVI (p < 0.05), and delta RWM (p < 0.01) were also significantly worse in the H-BNP group. CONCLUSIONS: Early-phase BNP plasma concentrations after successful PCI in patients with acute myocardial infarction may be correlated closely with major complications, and may be of prognostic importance. BNP plasma concentration may also be an indicator of left ventricular remodelling.     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者血运重建的预后

目的 入选2003年7月1日至2005年9月30日在我院接受血运重建治疗的6005例患者,1年后对患者进了解接受血运重建治疗的急性冠状动脉综合征患者的近期和长期预后.方法 行电话或门诊随访.比较ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)、非ST段抬高急性心肌梗死(NSTEMI)和不稳定性心绞痛患者的临床和预后[不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)包括伞因死亡、非致死性心肌梗死、非致死性卒中和再次血运重建]情况.结果 共4865例患者,其中STEMI患者955例,NSTEMI患者263例,不稳定性心绞痛患者3647例,3组患者的院内和18个月生存率(分别为96%、98%和98%)差异无统计学意义,不稳定性心绞痛患者18个月MACCE发生率较低(STEMI,NSTEMI和不稳定性心绞痛3组无事件生存率分别为86%、86%和89%).结论 接受血运重建的STEMI、NSTEMI和不稳定性心绞痛患者临床情况有所差异,但是近期和长期病死率相似,不稳定性心绞痛患者的长期MACCE发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate short-term and long-term prognosis of revascularization in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods A total of 6005 patients who received coronary revascularization in our institution between July 2003 and September 2005 were enrolled. The patients were followed up in clinic or by telephone after discharge between September 2006 and November 2006. The clinical and prognosis data of all-cause mortality, neo-myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, and rerevascularization of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( STEMI ) , non ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction ( NSTEMI) and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events ( MACCE) were analyzed. Results Among 4865 acute coronary syndrome patients, 955 cases were STEMI; 263 cases were NSTEMI; and 3647 cases were unstable angina ( UA) pectoris. There were no significant difference for in-hospital mortality and late mortality ( 18 month survival 96% , 98% and 98% ) between patients with STEMI, NSTEMI and UA. Patients with UA had lower MACCE rate (18 month non-MACCE survival of STEMI, NSTEMI and UA group were 86% , 86% , and 89% respectively). Conclusions Despite different clinical characteristics, patients with STEMI, NSTEMI and UA undergoing revascularization had similar short-term and long-term mortality. Patients with UA had lower MACCE rate.     

Plasma levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide in patients with coronary artery disease and relation to clinical presentation, angiographic severity, and left ventricular ejection fraction

Comparative assessment of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-pro-BNP) across a wide spectrum of angiographic and clinical coronary artery disease (CAD) in a consecutive series of patients has not been reported. This study examined 879 subjects (684 patients who had angiographically proved CAD and 195 controls who did not have CAD). NT-pro-BNP concentrations were measured before an angiographic procedure that allowed diagnosis of CAD and measurements of left ventricular ejection fraction and end-diastolic blood pressure. Median values (25th and 75th percentiles) of NT-pro-BNP in patients and controls were 474.5 pg/ml (162.3 and 1,542.8) and 117.0 pg/ml (60.1 and 230.6), respectively (p <0.001). In patients who had stable angina, unstable angina, and acute myocardial infarction, NT-pro-BNP concentrations were 327.7 pg/ml (129.2 and 973.2), 660.6 pg/ml (201.2 and 1,563.5), and 1,045.0 pg/ml (323.8 and 2,486.0, p <0.001). NT-pro-BNP concentrations in subgroups with 1-, 2-, and 3-vessel CAD were 385.5 pg/ml (117.2 and 1,266.0), 463.0 pg/ml (135.0 and 1,480.5), and 533.8 pg/ml (221.8 and 1,809.4), respectively (p = 0.005). Multivariable analysis showed that NT-pro-BNP was an independent correlate of the presence of CAD (chi-square 10.8, odds ratio 1.08, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.13 for 100-pg/ml increase in concentration; p <0.001), acute coronary syndromes (chi-square 6.3, odds ratio 1.01, 95% confidence interval 1.00 to 1.02 for 100-pg/ml increase in concentration, p = 0.01) and a strong trend that was independently associated with angiographic severity (chi-square 3.68, p = 0.055). This study shows that NT-pro-BNP concentrations are high across the entire spectrum of CAD and parallel the clinical or angiographic severity of CAD.     

Rise and fall of B-type natriuretic peptide levels in patients with coronary artery disease and normal left ventricular function after cardiac revascularization

BACKGROUND: Recently, it was shown that B-type natriuretic peptide levels are increased in patients with acute coronary syndromes. AIMS: To assess the relation between B-type natriuretic peptide and ischemia in patients with stable and unstable angina pectoris with normal left ventricular function in relation to the extent of ischemia and response to revascularization. METHODS: Fifty-nine consecutive patients were enrolled in the study, patients were divided into two groups: stable angina patients (group I, n=18), and unstable coronary patients (group II, n=41). Baseline characteristics were compared with 15 age-matched and sex-matched participants. B-type natriuretic peptide levels were measured at baseline and 3, 7 and 90 days after coronary revascularization in group I and II. RESULTS: Patients with unstable angina pectoris had increased B-type natriuretic peptide levels compared with stable angina pectoris patients (B-type natriuretic peptide levels: controls 15.5+/-13 pg/ml, stable angina pectoris group 28.4+/-19 pg/ml, unstable angina pectoris group 104+/-81 pg/ml; P<0.01). A relationship between the number of affected coronary vessels and B-type natriuretic peptide was assessed (one-vessel 29.9+/-21 pg/ml, two-vessel 93.8+/-87 pg/ml, three-vessel 119+/-88 pg/ml; P<0.01). After revascularization, B-type natriuretic peptide levels decreased in groups I and II (25+/-20 vs. 39+/-28 pg/ml) and were similar after 90 days in percutaneous transluminal coronary angiograghy and in coronary artery bypass grafting groups (percutaneous transluminal coronary angiography 26+/-22 pg/ml, coronary artery bypass grafting 36+/-26 pg/ml; NS). CONCLUSIONS: B-type natriuretic peptide levels increase in unstable angina pectoris patients and are linked to the extent of coronary disease in patients with normal left ventricular systolic function, and returned to baseline level after surgical or catheter revascularization.     

Platelet-monocyte cross talk and tissue factor expression in stable angina vs. unstable angina/non ST-elevation myocardial infarction

Tissue factor (TF), the major procoagulant in vivo, is usually absent from blood cells. However, since both monocyte TF (MoTF) expression and platelet activation are present in acute coronary syndrome we hypothesized that MoTF expression may in part depend on monocyte platelet aggregate (MPA) formation in coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with unstable angina/non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI, n?=?20) had significantly higher levels of MoTF (17.4?±?3.1MFI) and MPAs (CD42b:273?±?183MFI; CD62P:256.3?±?48.5MFI) than patients with stable angina (SA, n?=?40; MoTF:13.2?±?2.2MFI, p?=?0.001; CD42b:160?±?113MFI, p?=?0.025; CD62P:118.7?±?24.5MFI, p?=?0.018) as measured by whole blood flow cytometry on CD14+-cells. TF-activity of isolated mononuclear cells (MNC) was elevated in UA/NSTEMI (75?±?27?pg/mL) in comparison to SA (47?±?17?pg/mL, p?=?0.001) as determined by chromogenic assay, and TF mRNA expression in isolated MNC was more frequent in UA/NSTEMI than in SA (50% vs. 18.2%; p?=?0.017). MoTF expression significantly correlated with the constitutive platelet marker CD42b (r?=?0.69, p?相似文献   

Revised guidelines for the management of non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes

Unstable angina (UA) and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) refer to a spectrum of acute severe cardiac disorders characterized by myocardial oxygen demand and supply mismatch, caused by atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes represent a major medical problem, accounting for 2.5 million hospitalizations and 500,000 deaths annually in the United States alone. Of these, 1.5 million have a final diagnosis of UA, and myocardial infarction (ST-segment and non-ST-segment elevation) accounts for the remaining 1 million. The management of UA/NSTEMI presents a challenge to the cardiologist because treatment strategies continue to evolve. A number of trials have now assessed the safety and efficacy of early revascularization strategies in the treatment of patients with UA/NSTEMI, whereas others have focused on pharmacologic adjunctive therapy. An optimal single strategy encompassing most patients’ needs is not clear. This review focuses on the revised American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association guidelines for the management of patients presenting with UA/NSTEMI.     

Effect of completeness of revascularization on clinical outcome in patients with multivessel disease presenting with unstable angina who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention

We evaluated the current short- and medium-term outcomes of complete revascularization, compared to culprit lesion percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in patients with multivessel coronary disease presenting with unstable angina. One hundred fifty-one patients with multivessel coronary disease presented to a tertiary cardiothoracic center with unstable angina/non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (UA/NSTEMI) between January 2000 and September 2001. In group A (n=71), the intended strategy was complete revascularization by multivessel PCI. In group B (n=80), culprit lesion PCI was intended despite the presence of other lesions amenable to PCI (B1) or due to confounding anatomical factors (B2). Clinical variables and endpoints were collected from patient notes, a dedicated database and telephone follow-up, and included recurrent stable and unstable angina, need for repeat PCI or elective coronary artery bypass graft, incidence of non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) and death. Baseline characteristics were similar in each group. Procedural success was achieved in over 95% of cases in both groups with high stent implantation rates (>96%). There was no observed difference in mortality or incidence of MI between the groups. Compared to group A, more patients in group B1 had residual angina [22.8% (13/57) versus 9.9% (7/71); p=0.041] and required further PCI [17.5% (10/57) versus 7.0% (5/71); p=0.045]. There was a non-significant trend toward fewer readmissions for UA and less long-term antianginal medication in group A [38.0% (27/71) versus 52.6% (30/57); p=0.043]. Complete and culprit lesion revascularization by PCI are safe methods of treating patients with multivessel coronary disease presenting with UA/NSTEMI. Reductions in residual angina, repeat PCI and need for antianginal therapies suggest that complete revascularization should be the strategy of choice when possible.     

"Smoker's paradox" in patients with acute myocardial infarction receiving primary coronary intervention

OBJECTIVES: Smokers with acute myocardial infarction have lower mortality rates than non-smokers despite increased risk for coronary artery disease. This study assessed the effects of smoking on complications and outcomes after acute myocardial infarction, and investigated the relationship between the clinical factors and the paradoxical effects of smoking in patients receiving primary coronary intervention. METHODS: Subjects were 367 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction who were admitted within 24 hr of onset and underwent successful coronary intervention, 165 (45%) of whom were smokers. RESULTS: The smoking group contained significantly more male patients, and the smoking group was significantly younger than the non-smoking group (p < 0.0001). The value of acute phase brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) were significantly lower (BNP: 250 +/- 366 vs 448 +/- 513pg/ml, p = 0.0002; ANP: 48 +/- 77 vs 74 +/- 82pg/ml, p = 0.005) in the smoking group. Peak creatine kinase time from onset was significantly earlier (12.9 +/- 9.3 vs 16.1 +/- 10.0 hr, p = 0.049) in the smoking group. Left ventricular ejection fraction in the chronic phase was significantly better in the smoking group (58 +/- 13% vs 52 +/- 14%, p = 0.03). The early ST-segment resolution rate was higher in the smoking group (81% vs 67%, p = 0.003), and there were significantly fewer patients with heart failure in the smoking group than in the non-smoking group (28% vs 41%, p = 0.01). The cardiac mortality rate during 6 months was significantly lower in the smoking group (3% vs 9%, p = 0.01). The beneficial effects of smoking on the prognosis were related with the differences in sex and age of the study group. CONCLUSIONS: The reason why smokers with acute myocardial infarction have lower mortality rates than non-smokers, the "smoker's paradox", may be related to less damage to the microvascular function after primary coronary intervention, with lower BNP and better left ventricular ejection fraction.     

Brain natriuretic peptide and other risk markers for outcome assessment in patients with non-ST-elevation coronary syndromes and preserved systolic function

Several emerging cardiac markers constitute strong predictors among patients with coronary artery disease. In particular, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), troponin T (TnT), and C-reactive protein (CRP) are related to increased risk of recurrent ischemic events and death. However, little is known about the utility of these biomarkers in combination. This study examined risk assessment in patients with coronary artery disease and preserved systolic function. We studied 208 consecutive patients (138 men, 70 women) with stable angina, unstable angina, and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction whose plasma BNP, TnT, and CRP levels were measured at hospital admission. All recruited patients underwent echocardiographic examination, and selective coronary angiography was performed. After adjusting for clinical presentation, age, gender, and common risk factors, BNP was demonstrated as a strong predictor of heart failure (6 months, odds ratio [OR] 2.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24 to 2.9, p <0.01; 12 months, OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.69 to 3.5, p <0.001) and mortality at 3, 6, and 12 months (p <0.001). BNP was also significantly related to extent of coronary artery disease and left anterior descending artery involvement (p <0.01). Patients with a BNP level >80 pg/ml in all 3 groups had a significantly poorer prognosis with increased incidence of heart failure and death. CRP was related to recurrent ischemic events (infarct or recurrent angina, OR 1.4, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.08, p <0.01) and was associated with major cardiac revascularization at 12 months (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.29 to 1.73, p <0.001). TnT demonstrated a mild correlation with recurrent infarct or angina at 12 months (OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.22, p <0.05) but appeared related to multivessel coronary artery disease (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.99, p <0.01). In conclusion, BNP appears to be associated with a long-term increased risk of mortality and heart failure in patients with apparently mild risk. BNP is also associated with a larger extent and greater severity of myocardial ischemia. Early BNP measurement could provide incremental information to TnT and CRP, and it may be the strongest independent predictor of cardiac outcome in subjects without left ventricular dysfunction or enlargement.