腹腔镜胆囊切除术Luschka胆管损伤的原因及对策

腹腔镜胆囊切除术（LC）发生胆漏，有一部分为Luschka胆管（以下称迷走胆管）损伤造成。文献报道，其发生率为0．51％～2．4％。随着腹腔镜胆囊切除术的广泛开展，会有更多的腔镜医师遇到这一问题，如果处理不当将会造成严重的后果。现将实际操作中所遇到的8例情况总结如下，并就诊治体会做初步探讨。     

Luschka胆管损伤致迟发性胆漏的临床分析

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)中Luschka胆管损伤引起迟发性胆漏的预防及处理方法。方法:回顾分析3例患者LC术中Luschka胆管损伤引起迟发性胆漏的临床资料。结果:3例患者均经手术治疗痊愈,随访10～28个月,恢复良好,均无发热、畏寒、腹痛、腹胀、黄疸等不适发生。结论:LC术中Luschka胆管损伤引起迟发性胆漏是可减小或预防的,腹腔冲洗引流术是治疗Luschka胆管损伤引起迟发性胆漏的主要方法。     

Luschka胆管损伤的诊断与处理

目的 探讨胆囊切除术时Luschka胆管损伤的诊断及处理。方法 回顾性分析2039例胆囊切除术中26例Luschka胆管损伤的情况。结果 26例中15例于术中发现胆漏点．行缝扎止漏成功，5例行缝扎失败者和3例未找到胆漏点者．经引流后痊愈。术后发现3例，其中1例经鼻胆管引流治愈；1例经再手术引流治愈；1例再手术后发生心肌梗塞死亡。结论 胆囊切除术时Luschka胆管损伤较难避免．术中发现并及时治疗效果最好；术后发现应及时行剖腹探查和充分引流。     

医源性胆管损伤25例临床分析

目的：探讨医源性胆管损伤的原因、诊治及预防。方法：回顾性分析25例医源性胆管损伤。结果:医源性胆管损伤多发生于胆囊切除术，主要原因有人为因素、胆管解剖变异、局部病理因素等。胆管一旦损伤，如果首次处理不当，则可引发一系列严重并发症。各种类型的胆管损伤应采取不同方法及早处理，对胆漏、腹腔感染较重者先行胆道及腹腔引流术，3个月后再作胆道重建或修复术，手术方法以胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术最为理想。结论：提高医生对胆管损伤的警觉性，术中细致地解剖和规范的操作，是预防医源性胆管损伤的关键。     

胆囊切除术致胆管损伤lO例临床分析

目的探讨胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的原因、临床表现、处理方法及预防措施。方法叫顺性分析10例胆囊切除术致胆管损伤的临床资料。结果2例术中发现胆管损伤即时修复,方式为胆管修补加胆管引流,1例术后1a出现胆管狭窄,8例为术后发现胆管损伤,均先行腹腔加胆管引流术,3个月后再行胆管-空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术。术后均无胆漏出现,随访2～5a,仅1例发生反复发发作胆管炎,余均无并发症发生。结论术者应熟悉胆道的解剖及变异,严格掌握手术指征,应根据胆管损伤的时间及类型选择手术方式。术中辨清肝囊管、肝总管及胆总管是预防医源性胆管损伤的关键。     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术Luschka胆管损伤的原因及对策

目的:探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术(laparoscopic cholecystectomy,LC)Luschka胆管损伤的原因、预防方法及处理措施。方法:回顾性分析8例LC Luschka胆管损伤患者的临床资料。结果:术中发现Luschka胆管损伤7例,其中6例经迷走胆管漏处再上钛夹后治愈,1例经ENBD治愈;另1例术后发生胆漏、胆汁性腹膜炎,再次经腹腔镜探查并在胆囊壶腹部迷走胆管漏口处上钛夹,并经腹腔引流后治愈。结论:提高对Luschka胆管的认识,是预防迷走胆管损伤和减少术后误诊的关键;建立通畅的腹腔引流、胆管引流、腹腔镜探查是治疗LC Luschka胆管损伤后胆漏的主要方法。     

LC胆管损伤11例临床分析

<正>腹腔镜胆囊切除术(Laparoscopic Choleoysleclomy LC)最常见的并发症为胆道损伤,总体发生率为0~2%[1]。我院自2003年9月至2009年12月开展LC 3846例,发生胆管损伤11例,发生率为0.28%,现报告如下。1临床资料1.1一般资料11例胆管损伤中男3例,女8例,年龄22~76岁,平均49岁。均为慢性结石性胆囊炎,其中8例     

二裂胆囊并Luschka胆管1例

正患者男,38岁。因反复右上腹疼痛5年再发伴巩膜黄染3d于2017年8月23日入院。体检:皮肤巩膜轻度黄染,腹平软,右上腹轻压痛,Murphy氏征阴性,无肝区叩击痛,肠鸣音正常。血生化:ALT530U/L,TBIL71.0μmol/L,DBIL49.4μmol/L,UBIL21.60μmol/L。上腹部MRI(MRCP)     

医源性胆管损伤27例分析

目的 探讨医源性胆管损伤的原因、诊治及预防。方法 回顾性分析２７例医源性胆管损伤。结果 医源性胆管损伤多发生于胆囊切除术，原因主要有人为因素及客观原因，包括胆道解剖异常、局部病理因素、术中出血及手术麻醉情况等。对术后黄疸的病人，ＰＴＣ及核磁共振胆道成像（ＭＲＣＰ）检查可明确诊断并能确定梗阻部位，各种类型的胆管损伤应采取不同方法及早处理，对胆漏先行胆道及腹腔引流术，３个月后再作胆道重建术，手术方法以     

Heterogeneity of Subvesical Ducts or the Ducts of Luschka: A Study Using Drip-infusion Cholangiography-Computed Tomography in Patients and Cadaver Specimens

The objective of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of the subvesical duct or the ducts of Luschka as well as the reliability of drip-infusion cholangiography with computed tomography (DIC-CT) for their identification. DIC-CT was used in 277 consecutive patients (135 men, 142 women) and for the dissection and histologic study of 10 cadaver livers. We found 32 subvesical ducts in 28 (10.1%) of 277 patients. Irrespective of whether the terminals were extra- or intraparenchymal, the subvesical ducts often (17/32 ducts, 15/28 patients) drained into a subsegmental duct of S5 or S4. Notably, some displayed an intermediate course along the gallbladder fossa with an intraparenchymal origin and terminated at S5. Such ducts tended to be seen in the elderly. Another 15 ducts drained into a thick, centrally located duct, such as the right sectorial or hepatic duct. The anatomic study demonstrated that the subvesical duct likely included the cystic vein-concomitant duct. A major type of subvesical duct, characterized by an intermediate course along its bed, appeared to result from degenerative exposure of a peripheral duct with aging. The subvesical duct draining into the thick duct included both a daughter branch, such as seen in the lung, and the so-called anomaly. Such ducts can be demonstrated with DIC-CT, but the incidence might be limited. However, the cystic vein/concomitant duct was difficult to identify radiologically. Consequently, although presurgical radiology is useful for avoiding bile leakage after laparoscopic cholecystectomy, surgeons should be aware of its limitations.     

芦山地震所致胸部外伤17例临床分析

摘要目的总结“4·20”芦山地震胸部外伤的救治经验。方法回顾性分析华西医院胸外科2013年收治的芦山地震伤员17例的临床资料,其中男14例,女3例;年龄（57.3±16．1）岁。胸部外伤的诊断主要根据病史、体格检查、胸部x线片或胸部CT,分析其临床特点和治疗效果。结果重物砸伤12例（70．6％）,摔伤4例（23．5％）,车祸伤1例（5．9％）。胸部受伤情况包括皮肤软组织挫伤17例（100．0％）,肋骨骨折15例（88．2％）,1例伴有反常呼吸;肺挫伤15例（88．2％）,血气胸11例（64．7％）,胸骨骨折1例（5．9％）,双侧气胸伴广泛皮下气肿1例（5．9％）。13例（76．5％）分别合并颅脑、腹部、骨折及神经损伤。1例因左侧凝固性血胸,左下肺不张行左侧凝固性血胸清除,肋骨内固定术。17例均得到及时、有效治疗,无死亡病例。结论地震伤由于致伤机制多样,伤员往往为多发伤。胸部损伤以肋骨骨折及肺挫伤为主。胸腔闭式引流术是一种简单有效的治疗手段,良好的镇痛及积极的纤维支气管镜治疗可帮助伤员有效清理呼吸道,保持呼吸道通畅。     

Analysis of 203 Patients with Penetrating Neck Injuries

Background  Selective nonoperative management (SNOM) of penetrating neck injuries (PNI) has steadily gained favor, but indications for surgery and adjunctive diagnostic studies remain debated. The purpose of the present study is to validate a protocol of SNOM of PNI based on physical examination, which further dictates complementary investigations and management. Patients and methods  A prospective observational study was conducted in a South African tertiary urban trauma center with a high prevalence of penetrating trauma. All consecutive patients admitted with penetrating neck injuries over a 13-month period were included. Results  A total of 203 patients were included in the study: 159 with stab wounds and 42 with gunshot wounds. A vascular injury was identified in 27 (13.3%) patients, pharyngoesophageal injury in 18 (8.9%) patients, and an upper airway injury in 8 (3.9%) patients. Only 25 (12.3%) patients required surgical intervention. A further 8 (3.9%) patients had therapeutic endovascular procedures. The remaining 158 (77.8%) patients, either asymptomatic or with negative work-up, were managed expectantly. There were no clinically relevant missed injuries. Conclusions  Selective nonoperative management of neck injuries based on clinical examination and selective use of adjunctive investigational studies is safe in a high-volume trauma center.     

老年髋部损伤的围手术期风险预测

目的探讨老年髋部损伤高风险的相关因素,提高对患者手术风险的预测性。方法对172例髋部损伤的患者进行回顾性调查,调查包括:一般情况、病史、受伤情况、临床检验、手术情况以及手术后并发症的发生情况等。对调查结果进行多元回归分析、比较分析,进行统计检验。对目前2种评分方法进行验证。结果发生并发症的患者中,伤前活动差、血红蛋白含量及总蛋白含量较低(有显著差异)。结论老年髋部损伤的治疗选择中,年龄不是手术的禁忌证,血红蛋白、总蛋白的检验结果在一定程度上反映了老年患者的机体状况,在手术风险的预测中有重要意义。     

腘动脉闭合性损伤17例的临床分析

目的:探讨腘动脉闭合性损伤的特点、误诊原因.方法:观察血管损伤后的肢体血运变化的过程,分析误诊原因和治疗上的教训.结果:治疗成功7例.漏诊10例,其中肢体坏死7例,缺血性肌挛缩3例.结论:由于血运假象存在,本病容易漏诊,肢体坏死率高.密切观察血运变化、积极的血管探查与及时行深筋膜切开术是本病治疗的重点.     

睾丸损伤31例报告

目的:报告我院收治的31例32个睾丸损伤,总结诊治经验。方法:在31例睾丸损伤中,闭合性损伤26例,开放性损伤5例。保守治疗9例(其中2例改为手术治疗),直接手术治疗22例。结果:随访25例(26个睾丸),其中保守治疗9例,手术治疗16例。随访时间7个月~9年。保守治疗组和手术组各有2例睾丸萎缩;无1例睾丸硬化和慢性疼痛。结论:对任何阴囊、会阴外伤均应考虑睾丸损伤的可能,常规首选B超检查;在B超的密切监护下实施保守治疗;对手术探查应持积极的态度。     

Management of Patients with Granulomatous Mastitis: Analysis of 31 Cases

BACKGROUND: Granulomatous mastitis is a benign recurrent disease. Accurate diagnosis is only by histopathology. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 31 cases with histological diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 42.4 months for recurrent and 27.8 months for non-recurrent cases. Etiology was tuberculosis in 1 case. 5 cases (16%) relapsed. 6 patients (19.3%) treated with abscess drainage healed completely, but 50% relapsed. Relapses were treated with excision or steroids. Steroid therapy was the initial treatment in 12 cases (38.7%), with 1 relapse (8.3%) which was treated in the same manner. 2 patients had incomplete response necessitating excision, and another 2 developed abscesses which were treated with steroids or excision after drainage. Surgical excision was preferred in 12 cases (38.7%) due to suspicion for carcinoma in 8 patients (25.8%) and/or low probability of poor cosmetic outcome. All healed without complication, and recurrence was observed in 1 case (8.3%) which was treated with re-excision. CONCLUSION: Both excision and steroid therapy had low and similar relapse rates, but excision was superior to steroid therapy in providing strict diagnosis with much faster healing and fewer complications. In refractory cases, and when deformity is inevitable, steroid therapy should be preferred.     

脊髓损伤病人医院感染的防护

对12例脊髓损伤病人行针对性护理,以预防医院感染.结果病人平均住院57.0 d,发生医院感染4例,占33.3%.提示脊髓损伤病人护理任务艰巨,须采取综合性有效措施以降低医院感染率.