胸、腹主动脉病变的血管内治疗

目的探讨胸、腹主动脉病变不同血管内治疗方法的临床疗效。方法7例患者,其中DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层5例(4例行一体式支架腔内隔绝术,1例行内膜瓣开窗术);DebakeyⅢ型主动脉夹层外院外科人造血管置换术后降主动脉假性动脉瘤形成1例(行一体式支架腔内隔绝术);肾动脉开口以下腹主动脉瘤1例(行分体式支架腔内隔绝术)。结果5例一体式支架腔内隔绝术均获成功,2例出现Ⅰ型内漏,1例经球囊扩张后内漏消失,1例30 min后内漏减少,未处理;1例内膜瓣开窗术后患者双下肢缺血症状消失;1例分体式支架腔内隔绝术后造影提示动脉瘤消失,无内漏发生。结论应用血管内支架移植物或内膜瓣开窗术治疗胸、腹主动脉病变安全有效,其中分体式支架的临床应用具有更好的前景。     

主动脉夹层或瘤的腔内隔绝术临床评价(附23例报道)

目的:评价应用腔内血管支架治疗腹主动脉瘤的优点。方法:对24例患者行DSA和带膜血管腔内支架植入隔绝手术治疗,其中Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤19例,真性腹主动脉瘤4例,假性腹主动脉瘤1例。所有病例均采用TALENTTM带膜支架移植物系统。术后对所有患者行螺旋CT随访。结果:除1例因胸主动脉夹层破口位于左锁骨下动脉开口处,无法放置腔内血管支架而行开胸手术外,余23例均顺利放入,术后患者症状完全消失,全部患者在随访期间均未出现术前症状,未见相关并发症。结论:应用带膜支架治疗胸主动脉Stanford B型夹层、真性和假性腹主动脉瘤,其效果较单纯开放式手术效果好且不良反应小,值得在临床上推广和应用。     

肾下腹主动脉瘤的腔内治疗

目的：评价腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗肾下腹主动脉瘤早期临床疗效。方法：4例肾下腹主动脉瘤病人接受腔内人造血管隔绝术，其中1例合并双髂总、左髂内动脉瘤病人，在腔内隔绝术后行耻骨上髂外一股动脉转流术。术前均行彩超、DSA造影及三维重建螺旋CT检测。结果：术后即刻DSA造影显示：4例动脉瘤消失，近远端人造血管与宿主动脉结合处无内漏，腔内人造血管及转流血管通畅，无移植移位，4例病人临床均获成功。术后3个月、6个月彩超随访显示：腔内人造血管无移位、无内漏、动脉瘤残腔无增大及血流。结论：腔内人造血管隔绝术是一种创伤小、恢复快的治疗肾下腹主动脉瘤的安全、有效的新方法，但远期疗效有待随访。     

主动脉瘤的腔内隔绝术介入治疗

目的:讨论腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗主动脉瘤近期临床疗效。方法:4例肾下腹主动脉瘤和1例主动脉弓夹层动脉瘤病人接受腔内人造血管隔绝术治疗,术前均行彩超、三维重建螺旋CT检测。结果:术后即刻DSA造影显示:5例动脉瘤消失,近远端人造血管与主动脉结合处无内漏,腔内人造血管无移位,5例病人临床均获成功。术后3~6个月彩超及CT随访显示腔内人造血管无移位及内漏,动脉瘤残腔无增大及血流。结论:腔内人造血管隔绝术是一种创伤小、恢复快的治疗主动脉瘤的安全、有效的新方法,但远期疗效有待随访。     

血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤

目的：探讨血管腔内隔绝术治疗降主动脉夹层动脉瘤的技术方法和疗效。方法：对10例降主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行分析,其中2例为DeBakeyШa型,8例为DeBakeyШb型。1例夹层动脉瘤仅累及腹主动脉,合并真性动脉瘤。影像学资料显示全组有3例在不同部位有2个以上撕裂口。结果：1例腹主动脉混合型动脉瘤按腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术进行,2例将人工带膜支架封闭左锁骨下动脉口,另7例均顺利进行主动脉腔内隔绝术。随访2~16个月,全部病例均存活。结论：血管腔内置入带膜支架型人工血管是治疗主动脉夹层动脉瘤的简便、安全、有效的方法。     

胸主动脉覆膜支架联合八爪鱼技术腔内修复复杂胸腹主动脉瘤

目的 分析胸主动脉覆膜支架联合八爪鱼技术治疗复杂胸腹主动脉瘤的安全性和可行性.方法 采用胸主动脉覆膜支架联合八爪鱼技术完全腔内手术治疗1例47岁复杂胸腹主动脉瘤患者.手术在隔绝胸腹主动脉瘤的同时,成功重建双侧肾动脉和肠系膜上动脉血供.结果 术后CTA复查提示双侧肾动脉、肠系膜上动脉血流通畅,动脉瘤无内漏.术后患者未出现截瘫、肠缺血并发症,恢复顺利.结论 该技术治疗复杂胸腹主动脉瘤安全可行,尚需更多治疗例数和远期随访结果观察.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗外周动脉瘤

目的探讨外周动脉瘤应用覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗的疗效和安全性。方法对12例外周动脉瘤(真性动脉瘤5例,假性动脉瘤7例)患者行经股动脉穿刺插管造影,之后于病变部位放置覆膜支架行腔内隔绝术。结果 12例成功进行外周动脉瘤覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,其中11例动脉瘤腔完全封闭隔绝,1例动脉瘤治疗后有内漏,无手术相关并发症,即刻造影示置入覆膜支架远端动脉均血流通畅。随访观察3～36个月,无动脉瘤复发及动脉瘤相关并发症发生,1例3个月后发生覆膜支架腔内闭塞。结论覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗外周动脉瘤是一种创伤小、安全易行、疗效确切的治疗方法。     

腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤(附2例报告)

目的：探讨腔内隔绝术治疗腹主动脉瘤（AAA）的方法、疗效、并发症及存在的问题。方法：2例高龄、多病并存的AAA患者在全订及动脉造影的监控下，植入血管内支架－聚酯移植物复合体，对AAA进行腔内隔绝术。结果：术后定期复查彩超、CT及血管造影显示支架通畅，无移位、扭曲、支架外壁与瘤腔间充满血栓，未发现搏动的肠系膜下动脉及腰动脉，未发现渗漏。AAA外径无变化。患者腹部搏动性肿块消失。结论：腔内隔绝术治疗AAA避免了外科手术的各种缺点，具有简便、安全、疗效确定等优点。     

覆膜支架和密网支架在复杂内脏动脉瘤的治疗应用(附12例病例分析)

目的评价覆膜支架和密网支架在复杂内脏动脉瘤治疗中的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析12例内脏动脉瘤患者(脾动脉瘤6例,腹腔干动脉瘤3例,肠系膜上动脉动脉瘤2例,肠系膜下动脉瘤1例)临床及影像学资料,其中6例脾动脉动脉瘤患者行覆膜支架置入治疗,余6例行密网支架重叠置入,所有患者术后均给予抗凝治疗。术后1个月、6个月、1年、2年行CTA检查观察动脉瘤闭塞情况及支架和载瘤动脉通畅情况。结果 12例患者支架均成功置入,6例脾动脉瘤患者覆膜支架置入后造影显示支架管腔通畅,动脉瘤未再显影;其余6例内脏动脉瘤患者密网支架重叠置入后造影显示动脉瘤显影浅淡或基本不显影,穿支动脉未累及。术后近期随访(1个月),1例出现轻度腹痛,给予对症处理后症状消失,所有患者均未见动脉瘤破裂,支架内急性血栓形成等严重并发症。远期随访6例覆膜支架置入患者动脉瘤均未再显影,无内漏及支架内狭窄;6例密网支架置入者动脉瘤较前均缩小或消失,其中1例CTA显示支架轻度狭窄,狭窄<25%同时合并部分穿支动脉闭塞,但无明显临床症状,余患者支架、穿支动脉均通畅。结论覆膜支架和密网支架置入是治疗复杂内脏动脉瘤的安全、有效方法。     

分体式支架-移植物治疗主动脉病变的初步报告

目的 介绍分体式支架-移植物（separating stent—graft）及其早期应用体会。方法 器械采用12F输送器，先后1次性经皮穿刺置入主动脉分体式支架-移植物的外、内两部分。4例患者为主动脉夹层StanfordB型、胸主动脉瘤与腹主动脉瘤。结果 1例夹层破口被封闭，病灶被隔绝；1例胸主动脉瘤病灶被隔绝，有轻度内瘘；2例腹主动脉瘤，瘤体均被隔绝。结论 分体式支架-移植物治疗主动脉夹层与主动脉瘤是1种有效、方便、更安全、更微创的治疗方法。     

双源CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤中的临床应用价值

目的：评价双源CT血管成像在腹主动脉瘤中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析33例接受双源CT血管造影及主动脉造影检查确诊为腹主动脉瘤患者的影像资料。所有图像均行三维重建后处理及分析,观察腹主动脉瘤的部位、形态、分型、范围,并对腹主动脉瘤进行分型及相关测量。结果：33例腹主动脉瘤中,5例为近肾型,28例为肾下型。双源CT对瘤体长度、大小,近端及远端瘤颈长度、直径。近端瘤颈与动脉瘤长轴夹角测量准确。结论：双源CT可准确诊断腹主动脉瘤,并且可以提供详细而准确术前信息,是腹主动脉瘤术前诊断和术前评价的首选影像学检查方法。     

胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤血管内支架介入治疗

目的探讨腔内隔绝术（EVGE）治疗胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤（TAD）的技术和方法。资料与方法TAD55例,支架为记忆合金自膨支架和超薄涤纶人工血管的复合体,直径根据螺旋CT血管造影（CTA）和主动脉数字减影血管造影（DSA）确定。在DSA引导下沿导丝经真腔将该复合体封闭内膜破口和假腔。结果55例共置入63个支架,其中置入1个支架48例,2个支架6例,3个支架1例。内漏9例。术中死亡1例,54例术后康复良好。手术后CT随访。结论术前准确影像学评价,选择适当口径、长度的支架和术中准确定位夹层裂口和正确判断夹层真、假腔是EVGE治疗成功的关键。肠系膜上动脉、肾动脉受累并不是绝对禁忌症。EVGE创伤小,安全度高,是当前治疗TAD的新颖、高效、首选的介入治疗方法。     

Initial experience of branched endovascular graft for abdominal aortic aneurysm with complex anatomy of proximal neck: planning and technical considerations

The purpose of this report was to demonstrate initial Japanese cases of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with complex anatomy of proximal neck treated using a Zenith fenestrated endograft with branched endovascular technique and to describe the device’s design and technical considerations. Planning and sizing of endografts were performed using high-resolution computed tomography on a three-dimensional workstation. Branched endograft technique combined with reinforced fenestrated device and balloon-expandable stent graft was used in two patients because of challenging morphology for the fenestrated device with a bare stent. Successful exclusion of the aneurysm sac was achieved in both patients with antegrade perfusion in incorporated visceral vessels. Endovascular repair using a fenestrated device with graft material incorporating the visceral arteries is feasible. The combination of the reinforced fenestration and the balloon-expandable stent graft can provide an adequate sealing effect for the compromised anatomy. Initial and midterm results are reported with further follow-up and patient accrual.     

Case report: Endovascular repair of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm under local anaesthesia

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a common degenerative condition affecting the elderly population. Rupture carries a high overall mortality. Elective endovascular stent graft repair is well described. We describe a patient with ruptured AAA and co-morbid conditions making him unfit for surgery and general or epidural anaesthesia, who was successfully treated by endovascular stent graft under local anaesthesia.     

腹主动脉复合动脉瘤的腔内隔绝术治疗

目的：讨论复合腹主动脉病变进行腔内隔绝术（EVE）的可行性。方法：1例腹主动脉并存真性、假性和夹层动脉瘤患者，经双侧股动脉切开、肱动脉切开引入贯穿导丝，利用导丝导向技术和牵张技术成功置入模块式支架-人造血管移植物，以隔绝瘤体。结果：腔内隔绝操作技术完全成功，3个瘤体同时被隔绝，未加用任何延伸移植，未出现内漏、移位等并发症，重建血流通畅。结论：本例为EVE扩大适应证提供了经验。     

腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后迟发型远端内漏Ⅱ期腔内治疗

目的：探讨腹主动脉瘤（AAA）腔内隔绝术EVE后迟发型远端内漏的Ⅱ期腔内治疗方法的价值。方法：为3例AAA EVE3年以后迟发型远端内漏患者进行了Ⅱ期延伸移植物置入治疗，2例经双侧动脉切开、两侧各置入1枚延伸移植物，1例经腹膜后径路和股动脉径路完成3枚延伸移植物置入。结果：3例均应用了贯穿导丝牵张技术，延伸移植物置入完成后均将内漏消除。结论：Vanguard支架-人造血管系统的结构特点可能是导致远期远端内漏的原因；延伸移植物是治疗的有效方法。导丝牵张技术有助于手术成功并节约手术时间。     

Descending thoracic aortic diseases: stent-graft repair

PURPOSE: To evaluate endovascular treatment of descending thoracic aorta with commercially available self-expanding stent-grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Seventy patients with aortic dissection, intramural hemorrhage, degenerative and posttraumatic aneurysm, penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer, and pseudoaneurysm underwent endovascular treatment. Eleven patients had impending rupture and were treated on an emergency basis. Stent-grafts were customized or selected on the basis of spiral computed tomographic (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging measurements. Preprocedure diagnostic angiography was performed in patients with aortic dissection and in other selected patients. All procedures were performed in an operating room and monitored with digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Follow-up was at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment and yearly thereafter. RESULTS: Stent positioning was technically successful in 68 cases. At DSA and TEE, complete aneurysm or false-lumen exclusion was achieved in 66 (97%) cases. No intraoperative mortality or complications occurred. In-hospital complications included transient monoparesis (one patient) and extension of dissection into ascending aorta (one patient) that was repaired surgically. Early endoleak was observed in five (7%) patients: In three (type 2), endoleak resolved spontaneously; in one (type 1), it was persistent; and in one (type 1), treatment was converted to surgery. At long term, one (1%) patient died of aortic rupture; another, of respiratory insufficiency. Five (7%) late endoleak (type 1, one caused by migration of the stent) cases were observed. In three (4%), endovascular treatment was successful; in two (3%), surgery was performed. In one patient with persistent postimplantation syndrome, treatment was converted to surgery after successful aneurysm sealing. Procedure failure (ie, aortic disease-related mortality or conversion to surgery) occurred in six (9%) patients. CONCLUSION: Endovascular stent-graft repair is less invasive in patients with chronic and acute descending thoracic aortic aneurysm and dissection.     

内漏对腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术后瘤腔内压力的影响

目的 探讨内漏状态下腹主动脉瘤(AAA)腔内隔绝术(EVE)后瘤腔内压力的变化。方法 通过建立犬AAA EVE后内漏模型，测定内漏存在前后瘤腔内压力的变化。结果 内漏状态下瘤腔内平均动脉压明显升高，而内漏封闭后压力显著下降，且曲线平直。结论 瘤腔内压力曲线可作为评估EVE后瘤壁所受负荷的变化，也可作为判断内漏存在的方法之一。     

Three-year follow-up of fenestrated thoracoabdominal stent graft bridging an endovascular thoracic stent graft and a surgical abdominal aortic graft

This case report describes repair of a type I endoleak at the distal landing zone of a thoracic aortic stent graft by endovascular placement of a thoracoabdominal fenestrated stent graft (Cook, Brisbane, Australia). The fenestrated stent graft was interposed between a previous abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) Gelsoft tube graft (Sulzer Vascutek Ltd, Inchinnan, United Kingdom) and two overlapping Zenith thoracic endografts (Cook Inc, Bloomington, Indiana). Placement was made more complex because the distal thoracic endograft had rotated into a horizontal position. At 3-year clinical and computed tomography (CT) follow-up, continued clinical and radiologic success was shown with no further intervention required.