新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间普通科室医务人员院内感染的防控

自2019年12月湖北武汉市出现新型冠状病毒肺炎以来,全国其他地区和境外也相继出现了疫情,严重影响广大人民的生命健康。据报道,除发热门诊、感染科等,一些普通科室医务人员也出现了新冠肺炎院内感染的发生。针对此疫情,在国家卫生健康委员会制定的新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎诊疗方案指导下,普通科室通过严格的个人防护,细致的环境管理,严谨的工作流程,科学的工作安排,以及充分的人文关怀,做好院内感染的防控,避免医务人员新型冠状病毒院内感染的发生。     

对2019年新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控的思考

新型冠状病毒肺炎的暴发为人类敲响了一记警钟。新发传染病因其病原体的未知性、流行过程的复杂性、传播速度的快速性给公众健康、社会经济都带来了巨大损失，其防控更是传染病防控的重点。One Health策略是21世纪快速发展的应对全球公共卫生问题的新型措施，它注重人类、动物、环境间的关联性，强调跨学科、跨部门、跨领域的合作，在新发传染病防控方面具有重要意义。本文从One Health的角度对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的防控措施进行探讨，进一步阐明One Health策略在新发传染病防控中的重要作用。     

由新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情引发的关于口腔感染控制的思考和建议

口腔诊疗过程中患者口、鼻全程暴露,操作中易产生飞沫、气溶胶,治疗医务人员与患者近距离、长时间接触等特殊性,均给新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间防控工作带来极大的困难和挑战。基于疫情防控部门及口腔各级专业学会陆续出台的疫情期间口腔感染控制建议及口腔医务人员个人防护指南,并结合传染病医院口腔科工作经验,本文从诊室布局、工作服穿脱流程、防护装备及诊疗关键细节等的改进方面进行思考,为今后口腔医疗机构接诊普通患者、传染病患者,尤其是在应对突发公共卫生事件时做到有效控制感染提出相关参考建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间糖尿病基层管理专家建议

自2019年12月以来,我国发生新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情。糖尿病患者COVID-19感染风险增高,且预后差。COVID-19疫情期间,基层医疗在糖尿病预防和血糖控制管理方面面临严峻挑战。中国糖尿病专家、基层医疗服务提供者和公共卫生管理者提出专家建议,旨在提高全国基层医疗卫生机构在COVID-19疫情期间的临床诊治能力并提供标准化的基本公共卫生和医疗服务。本建议的主要内容包括管理的基本要求、健康管理的工作流程、转诊、治疗和长期随访。     

口腔门诊护理危机管理在新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控中的应用

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控形势严峻复杂,且口腔门诊因其诊疗特殊性,感染风险较高。实施护理危机管理,加强预检分诊管理从而有效识别传染病可疑患者,树立护理人员感染防控意识,诊疗操作中严格执行标准预防措施,对环境、物体表面、器械设备等进行规范管理,可降低感染风险。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎防疫期老年人口腔健康管理

新型冠状病毒肺炎传染性强,疫情发展迅速,已被世界卫生组织认定为突发公共卫生事件。老年人群感染易发重症和死亡,应高度重视防护。老年人口腔疾病发病率高,疫情期老年人心理应激状态易加重口腔病症。口腔门诊诊疗中,医患近距离接触,操作中产生大量气溶胶,为避免发生交叉感染,保障防疫工作,目前口腔治疗仅做急症处理。本文依据老年人心理状态及口腔特点,分析了口腔健康对防疫的重要意义,提出老年人新型冠状病毒肺炎疫期口腔疾病的治疗要点和预防措施,为特殊时期老年人口腔诊疗提出建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间心血管植入型电子器械术后患者的线上管理探讨

目的:探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）疫情防控期间应用"起搏患者在线"微信公众号对心血管植入型电子器械（CIED）术后患者进行随访管理的可行性。方法:2020年1月30日至2020年3月29日应用"起搏患者在线"微信公众号对在北部战区总医院心内科行CIED治疗的部分患者进行线上随访管理,完善"起搏患者在线"应用...     

老年肿瘤患者新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间的防控应对措施

2019年12月,新型冠状病毒肺炎迅速在中国蔓延。据报道,有基础疾病的老年人死亡风险较高,而其中老年肿瘤患者群体,因其基础身心状态的特殊性,则需承受相比常人更大风险。笔者旨在探讨当前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情时,老年肿瘤患者的防控应对措施,帮助其进行科学防疫。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控期间非疫区急性心肌梗死患者救治策略

急性心肌梗死发病急、最佳救治窗口期短,患者死亡率高,预后差,需要积极救治。新型冠状病毒人群普遍易感,目前全国各地医疗机构都把防控疫情作为重中之重,特殊时期的隔离措施对疫情防控发挥了重要作用,但急性心肌梗死患者的救治不可避免地受到一定影响。该文在新型冠状病毒肺炎防控指南基础上,结合现有胸痛中心区域协同救治急性心肌梗死的模式,对已发布的心血管危重症中急性心肌梗死救治策略要点进行梳理,供非疫区医院参考。     

冠状病毒及新型冠状病毒肺炎防控策略

随着科学技术的发展和医学研究不断取得新进步,人们认识到病毒引发的传染性疾病仍然对人类健康构成巨大威胁,据世界卫生组织(World Health Organization,WHO)宣布,地球上对人类危害最大的有九大病毒:(1)克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒(Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus,CCHFV);(2)埃博拉病毒(Ebola virus,EBOV);(3)马尔堡病毒(Marburg virus,MBV);(4)艾滋病病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus,HIV);(5)寨卡病毒(Zika virus,ZKV);(6)狂犬病毒(rabies virus,RBV);(7)流感病毒(influenza virus,FLV);(8)尼帕病毒和裂谷热病毒(Nipah virus and riftvelley fever virus,NV-RFV);(9)冠状病毒(coronavirus,CoV),其中包括中东呼吸综合征(Middle East respiratory syndrome,MERS)和重症急性呼吸综合征(severe acute respiratory syndrome,SARS)等。特别是EBOV和CoV传播较快,病死率高,造成了严重公共健康危机[1-3]。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间医疗救治定点医院妇产科孕产妇心理状况调查

目的　通过分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（新冠肺炎）救治定点医院的妇产科住院孕产妇心理状况,为其实施有针对性、个性化的干预措施提供依据,以调整其心理状态,避免发生新冠肺炎的院内感染,确保母婴安全。方法　选取2020年1月23日—2月17日在中国人民解放军总医院第五医学中心妇产科住院孕产妇（均为非新型冠状病毒感染者）41例为调查对象,自主设计心理状况的调查问卷,对其进行问卷调查。结果　41名被调查孕产妇的陪护人员中,丈夫占最大比例,为85.4%;照顾住院孕产妇或新生儿有经验的仅占24.4%;获取疫情相关信息和疾病知识来源主要为微信、网站和电视;对新冠肺炎疾病传染源、传播途径、临床症状等知识掌握程度非常了解的仅占7.3%;对预防和保护措施掌握程度非常了解的仅占4.9%;从医务人员处获取更多新冠肺炎相关知识需要程度的为100%;对新冠肺炎疫情非常关注的占100%。41例孕产妇中,对住院环境安全性不同程度担心者占97.6%,对诊疗环境不同程度担心者占95.1%;对自身健康受到威胁不同程度担心者占100%,对胎儿/新生儿健康受到威胁不同程度担心者占100%;对陪护照顾能力不同程度担心者占90.3%,对护士照顾能力不同程度担心者占85.3%;对产后自我康复管理能力不同程度担心者占87.8%,对新生儿管理能力不同程度担心者占95.1%。结论　新冠肺炎疫情流行期间,早期识别住院孕产妇心理状况,及时给予有针对性、个性化的干预措施具有重要意义。护理人员在疫情期间须要格外关注孕产妇这一重点人群的心理状况和需求。     

Effect of remote management on comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 epidemic

ObjectiveWe learned about the health condition of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 epidemic through a questionnaire survey. We conducted a randomized controlled study to confirm the effectiveness of remote management using the mobile phone WeChat app on comprehensive management of diabetes mellitus during the COVID-19 epidemic.MethodsWe distributed questionnaires that collected information on the health condition of people with diabetes during the COVID-19 epidemic through the WeChat app. We assigned 90 cases to the intervention group and 90 cases to the control group. The intervention group was managed remotely through the WeChat app, and the control group received traditional medical treatment. The blood glucose, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), time in range (TIR) and incidence of hypoglycemia were compared after three months of follow-up.ResultsThe BMI and postprandial blood glucose (PBG) of the control group at 3 months was significantly higher than that at baseline (P < 0.001), and TIR decreased at 3 months (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in blood pressure compared with baseline in the control group, while blood pressure decreased in the intervention group (P < 0.05). In the intervention group, fast blood glucose(FBG) and PBG decreased compared with their baseline values, and the TIR level increased, both of which were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The FBG, PBG, and TIR of the intervention group were better than those in the control group at 3 months (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the incidence of hypoglycemia between the two groups.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 epidemic, diabetes treatment has been facing new challenges, and the traditional treatment mode is limited. Remote management can increase TIR without increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. Remote management can prevent weight gain and improve patients’ self-management and compliance during the COVID-19 epidemic.     

COVID-19 and its manifestations in the oral cavity: A systematic review

Background:SARS-CoV-2 is the virus responsible for coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) disease, which has been shown to trigger multiple affectations. One of the first tissue areas to come into contact with the virus is the oral cavity, which develops various alterations. Hence, the objective of this systematic review was to identify the main signs and symptoms of this disease in the oral cavity, and the following research question was established: What are the main oral signs and symptoms in COVID-19-positive persons?Methods:The electronic databases of PUBMED, SCOPUS, and SCIENCE DIRECT were analyzed, the keywords “ORAL DISEASES,” “ORAL MANIFESTACTIONS,” and “COVID-19” were used taking into account the following inclusion criteria: studies whose main objective was oral manifestations secondary to the confirmation of COVID-19, plus clinical cases, case series, and retrospective or prospective studies. For the assessment of the risk of bias the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Case Series tool was used.Results:A total of 18 studies were included, the most common initial signs/symptoms after contagion of SARS-CoV-2 were dysgeusia, dry mouth, and burning mouth, and the main signs/symptoms were the presence of ulcerative lesions, dysgeusia, and Candida albicans infections.Conclusions:It is very important to detect any alteration in the mucosa in patients with COVID-19 and to provide assertive treatment to avoid complications, and try to maintain adequate oral hygiene throughout the course of the disease to avoid the colonization of opportunistic microorganisms and to avoid complications both orally and systemically.     

新冠肺炎疫情形势下医学寄生虫学课程在线教学的探索与应用

2019年底,突发的新型冠状病毒引起的肺炎疫情迫使2020年春季高校开学日期推迟.根据教育主管部门"推迟开学不停学"的指导意见,笔者通过中国大学慕课平台开展了医学寄生虫学课程的在线教学工作.本文就教学准备、教学设计、教学过程、阶段考试、实验教学、案例教学以及成绩构成等方面进行了探索和应用,以期为同行教学提供参考.