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1.
The caudal ventrolateral medulla (VLM) has emerged during the last decade as one of the main components of the endogenous pain control system. Profound and long-lasting analgesia is produced by mild stimulation of the VLM. The VLMlat, the reticular formation located between the spinal trigeminal nucleus and the lateral reticular nucleus (LRt), appears to play a major role in that antinociceptive action. The projections to spinal cord laminae involved in nociceptive transmission originate exclusively in the VLMlat. The VLMlat participates in a disynaptic pathway involving spinally projecting pontine A5 noradrenergic neurons, which appears to convey alpha(2)-adrenoreceptor-mediated analgesia produced from the VLM. Neurons in the VLMlat and in lamina I are reciprocally connected by a closed loop that is likely to mediate feedback control of supraspinal nociceptive transmission. On the other hand, the LRt, which is targeted by ventral (lamina VII) and deep dorsal (laminae IV to V) horn inputs, projects to the premotor lamina VII. Nociceptive input ascending from the cord and increases in blood pressure are discussed as possible physiologic triggers of the analgesia produced by the VLM. The overall role of the VLM as a center for integration of nociceptive, cardiovascular, and motor functions is discussed. The putative therapeutic benefits of manipulating the VLM for the control of chronic pain are envisaged.  相似文献   

2.
BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody donor screening assays have predominantly included both immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) detection. However, since in the majority of cases both CMV IgG and IgM are detected concomitantly during early seroconversion, CMV assays based only on IgG are now widely applied for donor screening.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The performance of an automated microparticle CMV IgG assay (Abbott AxSYM CMV IgG microparticle enzyme immunoassay [MEIA]) was compared with an established total antibody blood screening assay (Abbott CMV Total AB EIA). Sensitivity and specificity were assessed using 5050 random blood donors and 13 seroconversion panels. A risk analysis was undertaken to estimate the residual risk of transfusion-transmitted CMV (TT-CMV) from presumptive seronegative blood components.
RESULTS: The EIA achieved marginally (but not significantly) better resolved sensitivity (100%) than the AxSYM IgG assay (99.93%). The AxSYM IgG resolved specificity (99.34%) was superior to the EIA (96.4%). This superiority was maintained (98.61%) when a modified cutoff was applied to the AxSYM IgG assay to achieve 100 percent resolved sensitivity. The seroconversion sensitivities of the EIA and the AxSYM IgG were equivalent, detecting the same bleed as positive in the majority of the seroconversion panels tested. The median TT-CMV residual risk estimate for the two assays was approximately 1 in 66,000 (range, 42,000-165,000).
CONCLUSION: The AxSYM IgG MEIA is suitable for blood donor screening and was optimized by applying a modified cutoff of 9 AU per mL. The modeling predicts that implementing the AxSYM IgG assay would not negatively impact the already very low risk of TT-CMV associated with seronegative blood components in Australia.  相似文献   

3.
Evidence is presented for the existence of a "switch" T cell derived from a patient with mycosis fungoides/Sezary's syndrome. The serum immunoglobulin profile in this patient revealed high IgG and IgA but no detectable IgM. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from this patient secreted only IgG and IgA in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. T cells (Trac) co-cultured with normal allogeneic non-T cells and pokeweed mitogen resulted in only IgG and IgA PFC, with little or no IgM secretion. There was no evidence of active suppression of IgM. Rather, these T cells appeared to induce an Ig class switch from IgM to IgG and IgA, when co-cultured with mu+ tonsillar B cells. Further evidence was obtained using mononuclear cells derived from a patient with immunodeficiency and hyper-IgM, a syndrome characterized by a lack of IgG and IgA secretion. The addition of Trac cells to either peripheral blood mononuclear cells or non-T cells from a patient with hyper-IgM syndrome resulted in new secretion of IgG, with a concomitant decrease in IgM secretion, whereas control T cells were not effective in inducing secretion of any isotype other than IgM. Isolated Tac+ T cells from Trac appear to be responsible for this effect.  相似文献   

4.
Quantitation of red cell-associated IgG using an immunoradiometric assay   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
In this report, we describe a sensitive immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) for quantitating IgG on the surface of red cells. Washed red cells were prepared to a purity of greater than 99.9 percent. Varying dilutions of these cells were incubated with a fixed concentration of 125I-anti-IgG. After equilibrium was achieved, the unbound 125I-anti-IgG was measured by the addition of IgG covalently linked to agarose beads. The red cells were lysed by detergent, and the 125I-anti-IgG bound to the IgG- beads was measured. The amount of IgG on the red cells was determined by relating the concentration of test red cells causing 50 percent inhibition of binding of the 125I-anti-IgG to the IgG-beads to 50 percent inhibition of binding caused by the IgG standard. Using this assay, the red cell-associated IgG (RCA-IgG) of 20 healthy male and female controls with normal hemoglobin concentrations was 7.23 +/− 6.11 fg IgG per 10(3) cells (mean +/− 2 SD). The mean RCA-IgG on washed cells from 34 different tests performed on 19 anemic patients with clinically diagnosed autoimmune hemolytic anemia was 176.1 +/− 375.6 fg IgG per 10(3) cells. There was no correlation between the levels of RCA- IgG and the hemoglobin levels or reticulocyte counts in these patients.  相似文献   

5.
The laboratory diagnosis of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome currently requires two consecutive positive results in either lupus anticoagulant or anticardiolipin antibody assays. Antibodies against beta-2-glycoprotein I (abeta2-GPI) are suggested as a new marker for the syndrome. The inclusion of abeta2-GPI in the official diagnostic criteria has so far been precluded owing to lack of an international standard and also technical difficulties. Samples from 5367 consecutive patients sent to a national reference laboratory mainly because of various thrombotic events were studied. An IgG abeta2-GPI ELISA assay was performed in addition to lupus anticoagulant (dRVVT and PTT-LA) and IgG anticardiolipin antibody determinations to evaluate patient groups in which the new assay might be of value. From a total of 90 patients, 2.2% of the samples were abeta2-GPI positive; 51 patients had abeta2-GPI as the only positive antiphospholipid antibody marker; 20 patients had had a venous thrombosis and 14 an arterial thrombosis, 4 had pregnancy complications and 2 had thrombocytopenia. Relatively young patients with cerebrovascular ischaemic events seemed especially to present sole abeta2-GPI positivity. The abeta2-GPI positivity remained fairly constant in the 23 patients from whom follow-up samples were taken. It is concluded that the IgG abeta2-GPI assay seems to be a potentially important additional diagnostic tool for the antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.  相似文献   

6.
Measurement of apolipoprotein (apo) E-AII complex in human plasma is important in determining the role of apoE in lipoprotein metabolism. In this paper, we demonstrate a new and simple method to determine apoE-All complex by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-apoE IgG (goat) was used as a capture antibody, and captured apoE-All complexes were detected by an anti-apoAll (rabbit) horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (goat) system. With this method, apoE-All complex was specifically determined without the interference of apoAll and was not affected by apoE monomer less than 250 mg/L. The content of the complex in reference serum, a normolipidemic serum pooled from five subjects with phenotype E3/E3, was arbitrarily defined as 100%. The coefficients of variation were 3.5%-6.3% within assay and 8.8%-11.6% between assays.  相似文献   

7.
SARS患者恢复期血清中特异性抗体保护作用的研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3  
目的 观察半年恢复期严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者血清中 SARS抗体对 SARS病毒介导细胞病变的抑制作用。方法 用酶联免疫吸附试验 (EL ISA)测定 12例 SARS恢复期患者血清中 SARS抗体 (Ig G)的吸光度 (A)值 ;用维持液按 1∶ 8稀释恢复期患者的血清 ,并与分离、培养和鉴定后不同稀释度的SARS病毒 (SARS Co )上清作用 ,再加入 Vero E6细胞悬液进行培养 ,观察 Vero E6细胞病变的程度。结果  12例恢复期患者半年前的 SARS抗体 A值范围为 0 .79~ 2 .0 1,半年后的 A值范围为 0 .81~ 2 .0 6。其加入 12例恢复期血清的 SARS Co Vero E6细胞病变程度至少降低 2 5 %以上。结论  SARS患者半年后恢复期血清的 SARS抗体滴度有上升趋势 ,它还可抑制 SARS病毒介导的细胞病变 ,对 SARS病毒有中和作用 ,推测 SARS抗体是一种保护性抗体  相似文献   

8.
IgM antibodies are indicative for a recent infection, thus the detection of this isotype is of essential significance particularly in the diagnosis of infections with Toxoplasma gondii during pregnancy (primary infection, seroconversion). Numerous serological tests and test kits (e.g. indirect immunofluorescent assay/IFAT, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay/ELISA, Immunosorbent agglutination assay/ISAGA, Westernblot/WB) using different antigens and antigen preparations are provided by numerous companies. The sensitivities of such tests, however, variy considerably: The serological test results of four pregnant women with seroconversions and of three newborns from mothers with seroconversions are presented: VIDAS M and ISAGA M from one company yielded false negative results in three pregnant women whereas ISAGA M from another company could detect specific IgM. However, examination of the cord blood of the three newborns unanimously revealed IgM-negative results. Thus, our diagnostic strategy for pregnant women includes IIFT (or SFT) as basic test and ISAGA M (Toxotool I from Innogenetics) as well as IgG avidity test as additional tests; the serological diagnosis of suspected congenital infection comprises IFAT (or SFT), ISAGA M (from Innogenetics) and IgM/IgG Westernblot.  相似文献   

9.
In the United States most cases of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) are caused by the Sin Nombre virus (SNV) and are typically identified by serology. The goal of this study was to assess the performance of our hantavirus serologic testing algorithm by reviewing results generated over five years. Sera were screened for pan-hantavirus immunoglobulin (Ig)G and IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Screen IgG+ sera were then tested by immunoblot for SNV glycoprotein-specific IgG, and screen IgM+ sera were tested for SNV-specific IgM using an ELISA that measured differential reactivity to SNV and Seoul nucleocapsid proteins. Although only 13% of sera were positive in one or both screening assays, 85% of screen+sera lacked SNV antibodies. Nearly all (97%) screen IgM-IgG+ samples lacked SNV IgG, and 90% of screen IgM+IgG- samples lacked SNV IgM. However, SNV IgM testing of screen IgM+IgG- samples appears to be necessary, since this test identified nine of 37 patients with acute HPS (based on clinical feedback). A screen IgM+IgG+ result was a good predictor of SNV antibody detection and acute HPS. These findings were used to design a modified algorithm that identified all 37 patients with acute HPS, but reduced the number of specimens that required SNV antibody testing by 42%.  相似文献   

10.
A convenient method for measuring immune complexes between tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNSALP) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) (i.e., TNSALP-IgG) would be highly useful for routine analyses. Here, we identified a surface-active agent that would dissolve membrane but not dissociate TNSALP-IgG complexes. Next, we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for detecting TNSALP-IgG complexes with two monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs): 3-29-3R was coated on assay plates and captured TNSALP-IgG from a specimen; an horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-human IgG1 then reacted with captured TNSALP-IgG to form an "immunocomplex sandwich." The immunocomplex was detected via the absorbance of an HRP substrate, resulting in a semiquantitative assay. The mean absorbance of 0.195 (n=5) measured in sera from healthy donors was designated as an arbitrary unit (AU/mL) of TNSALP-IgG concentration. The ELISA values of patient sera known to contain TNSALP-IgG complexes were greater than those of normal sera (normal, 1.86 plusmn; 0.61; patient, 9.30 plusmn; 5.44), and these data were confirmed by electrophoresis. Thus, the ELISA could detect TNSALP-IgG complexes. The intraassay coefficient of variation (CV) was within 7.4% and analytical recovery was excellent. There was no significant interference from hemolytic, lipemic, or icteric serum. In summary, an ELISA using 3-29-3R MoAb and HRP-conjugated anti-human IgG1 constitutes a reliable and convenient method for the semiquantitative detection of TNSALP-IgG complexes in human serum.  相似文献   

11.
A dot-immunobinding assay for the detection of antiglomerular basement membrane antibodies has been developed. The globular domain NC1 of basement membrane collagen type IV was used as antigen. The assay proved to be specific, sensitive, and reproducible. Circulating antibodies in each of 12 sera from patients with florid Goodpasture's syndrome could be demonstrated, whereas sera from patients with Goodpasture's syndrome in clinical remission and various control sera showed no reactivity. The advantages of the dot-blot assay are: the usage of the purified Goodpasature target antigen NCI reduces unspecific binding of IgG; only minimal amounts of antigen are required to give a positive signal; evaluation of the assay is possible without expensive laboratory equipment; precoated nitrocellulose sheets can be stored for several months without loss of activity.  相似文献   

12.
目的 探索应用重组汉坦病毒核蛋白 (rNP)的免疫滴金法 (CGIDA)对肾综合征出血热 (hemorrhagicfeverrenalsyndrome ,HFRS)的诊断价值。 方法 制备纯化汉坦病毒核蛋白抗原 ,构建了HTN型汉坦病毒的核心区域 (334个碱基 ) ,克隆至原核表达载体 pGEX 4T 1中进行原核表达及纯化。在相同的CGIDA系统中 ,比较研究rNP与天然汉坦病毒核蛋白 (NP)的抗原功能。并与酶联免疫吸附试验 (ELISA)和间接免疫荧光法 (IFA)对比检测。结果 用rNP和天然NP平行检测HFRSIgM符合率达 89.7% ,HFRSIgG符合率达92 .3% ;CGIDA法检测HFRSIgM的敏感性为 75 .0 % ,特异性为 10 0 % ;CGIDA法检测HFRSIgG的敏感性为 83.1% ,特异性为10 0 %。结论 重组核蛋白的CGIDA对HFRS的早期诊断具有较好的应用价值。  相似文献   

13.
The clinical and public health utility of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) serologic testing requires a better understanding of the dynamics of the humoral response to infection. To track seroconversion of IgG and IgM antibodies in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and its association with patient and clinical factors and outcomes. Residual patient specimens were analyzed on the Abbott ARCHITECT i2000 instrument using the Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay and prototype SARS-CoV-2 IgM assay. Age, sex, comorbidities, symptom onset date, mortality, and specimen collection date were obtained from electronic medical records. Three hundred fifty-nine longitudinal samples were collected from 89 hospitalized patients 0 to 82 days postsymptom onset. Of all, 51.7% of the patients developed IgG and IgM antibodies simultaneously; 32.8% seroconverted for IgM before IgG. On average, patients seroconverted for IgG by 8 days and for IgM by 7 days postsymptom onset. All patients achieved IgG seropositivity by 19 days and IgM seropositivity by 17 days. Median time to IgG and IgM seroconversion was prolonged and initial levels of IgG were lower in immunocompromised patients and patients <65 years of age compared to immune competent patients and those ≥65 years of age. Immunocompromised patients also had persistently lower levels of IgM that peaked on day 17.6 and decreased thereafter compared to immune competent patients. IgM seroconversion in patients who died reached significantly higher levels later after symptom onset than in those who recovered. SARS-CoV-2 infected patients have similar time to seroconversion for IgG and IgM. However, differences in immune status and age alter time to seroconversion. These results may help guide serologic testing application in COVID-19 management.  相似文献   

14.
目的确定1例大疱性类天疱疮并获得性血友病 A 患者的临床和实验室诊断;通过体内外干预实验观察获得性血友病 A 患者体内的 FⅧ抑制物对正常人血浆及兔 FⅧ凝血活性(FⅧ:C)的影响;确定患者 FⅧ抑制物的 TgG 亚型和结构表位,以揭示该病发病的分子机制。方法用Ⅰ期法测定患者血浆 FⅧ:C;以 Bethesda 单位(BU)表示 FⅧ:C 抑制物滴度;用蛋白 A-琼脂糖柱纯化患者及正常人血浆 IgG;用活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)分析其对 FⅧ:C 的抑制作用;观察 FⅧ抑制物对兔血浆 FⅧ:C 活性的抑制作用;分别用抗 IgG_1、IgG_2、IgG_3、IgG_4抗体作 Western blot,结合灰度扫描确定患者血浆 IgG 亚型相对表达量;散射比浊法测定患者及正常人体内各 IgG 亚型浓度;用 FⅧ/FⅧ抑制物固相结合试验及 Western blot 鉴定患者 IgG 抗体(FⅧ抑制物)作用于 FⅧ的具体“表位”。结果①患者 APTT 明显延长,正常血浆不能纠正;FⅧ:C<1.5%,FⅧ抑制物滴度为147.8 BU;②纯化的患者 IgG 以剂量依赖方式抑制正常人混合血浆 FⅧ:C;动物实验显示患者血浆能以时间依赖方式延长兔血浆 APTT;③Western blot 结果显示 FⅧ抑制物成分主要为 IgG_4,其次为 IgG_1,FⅧ抑制物作用于FⅧ:C 的结构相对分子质量为44×10~3。散射比浊法测定结果显示患者体内 IgG_4、IgG_1含量明显高于正常人。结论研究结果证明大疱性类天疱疮并获得性血友病 A 患者体内 FⅧ抑制物对 FⅧ:C有抑制作用,FⅧ抑制物的 IgG 亚型主要为 IgG_4,其次为 IgG_1;患者 FⅧ抑制物作用于 FⅧ的表位为相对分子质量为44×10~3的肽段,揭示了该获得性血友病 A 发生、发展的分子机制。  相似文献   

15.
Summary.  Background :   Diagnosis of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is difficult as a result of limited specificity of existing assays for detecting clinically relevant antiphospholipid antibodies. Anti-beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2GPI) antibodies play a central role in the disease process of APS. Objectives :   We have investigated the relation between antiphospholipid antibodies with specificity for domain I of beta2GPI and thrombosis/pregnancy morbidity in an international multicenter study. Patients/methods :   Four hundred and seventy-seven patients derived from nine different centres met the inclusion criterion of having anti-beta2GPI antibodies in their plasma/serum. Clinical data and results of tests for lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin antibodies and anti-beta2GPI antibodies were established at the different centres of inclusion. After being re-tested for the presence of IgG and/or IgM anti-beta2GPI antibodies, the samples were tested for the presence of IgG-directed against domain I of beta2GPI and results were correlated with the thrombotic and obstetric history. Results :   Re-testing for the presence of anti-beta2GPI antibodies resulted in inclusion of 442/477 patients. IgG class anti-domain I antibodies were present in plasma of 243/442 patients (55%). 201/243 (83%) had a history of thrombosis. This resulted in an odds ratio of 3.5 (2.3–5.4, 95% confidence interval) for thrombosis. Anti-domain I IgG antibodies were also significantly correlated with obstetric complications [odds ratio: 2.4 (1.4–4.3, 95% confidence interval)]. Conclusion :   In this multicenter study, the detection of IgG antibodies that are directed against domain I of beta2GPI proved to be more strongly associated with thrombosis and obstetric complications than those detected using the standard anti-beta2GPI antibody assay.  相似文献   

16.
Pustowoit B  Liebert UG 《Intervirology》1998,41(4-5):170-177
In an attempt to define diagnostic criteria that may help to distinguish the congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) from subclinical intrauterine rubella virus (RV) infection, maternal and fetal serum samples were analyzed using (1) enzyme immunoassay employing RV synthetic peptides as antigen, (2) IgG avidity assay, and (3) immunoblot under nonreducing conditions, in addition to hemagglutination inhibition and commercial enzyme immunoassays. Infants born with CRS and their mothers were shown to reveal low or undetectable levels of E2-specific antibodies and deficient IgG recognizing the major neutralizing antibody-inducing epitope on the E1 protein (SP15). Antibody responses were normal in mothers with presumed RV reinfection as well as in asymptomatic infants born after maternal primary rubella. The results indicate that the maturation of specific humoral immune responses is obviously less efficient when intrauterine RV infection results in CRS. The detection of high avidity IgG, conformational E2-specific as well as SP15-reactive antibodies may serve as a potential predictor for a benign outcome of intrauterine RV infections.  相似文献   

17.
BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate IgM and IgG ELISAs and an IgG Western blot test for the serological detection of human infections with Andes virus (ANDV), the major cause of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) in South America. METHODS: The entire nucleocapsid (N) protein-encoding sequence of ANDV (strain AH-1) was cloned and expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The polyhistidine-tagged recombinant N (rN) protein of ANDV was purified by nickel-chelation chromatography and characterized by its reactivity with different N-specific monoclonal antibodies. To detect an antibody response directed against ANDV in humans, indirect IgM and IgG ELISAs and an IgG Western blot test based on ANDV rN antigen were developed. The evaluation of the tests was performed using a negative serum panel and 63 blinded sera from Argentina and Chile, containing acute-phase and convalescent sera from HCPS patients. RESULTS: The specificities and sensitivities for the IgM and IgG ELISAs were demonstrated to be very high. The IgG ELISA data were confirmed by the IgG Western blot assay based on the same rN antigen. Almost all anti-ANDV-positive sera reacted to higher endpoint titers with N protein of ANDV than with those of Sin Nombre, Laguna Negra or Puumala virus. The cross-reactivity of anti-ANDV-N IgG-positive sera to rN proteins of other hantaviruses was found to be increased with time after the onset of HCPS. CONCLUSION: The high sensitivity of the novel assays should facilitate early diagnosis of ANDV infections and might contribute to a successful treatment of HCPS patients.  相似文献   

18.
Studies were carried out with the serum IgG from a mother and her two children who developed neonatal Graves' disease several weeks after birth. The maternal IgG: (a) stimulated the human thyroid in vitro, but maximal stimulation was found only with dilution of the IgG; (b) was very potent in the long-acting thyroid stimulator (LATS)-protector assay, but only when an inhibitor of the system was diluted out; (c) inhibited a standard preparation of LATS in the mouse bioassay; (d) was biphasic in the thyrotropin-binding inhibition (TBI) assay, i.e., enhanced binding at low concentrations of IgG and inhibited binding at high levels. Enhancement in the TBI assay was found only with particulate preparations of human thyroid membranes as receptor and not when that material was solubilized, nor with guinea pig fat cell membranes as receptor. Serial blood samples from the second child were obtained at birth and until 3 mo of age. In the thyroid slice (cyclic AMP) assay system there was a negative dose-response relationship in testing IgG until age 45 d when it became positive, coinciding with the clinical recognition that hyperthyroidism had developed. The data are compatible with a concept that this mother's IgG contained thyroid-stimulating antibody (TSAb) and another moiety that inhibited TSAb through an action on the thyroid cell membrane, thus delaying the onset of hyperthyroidism in the neonate until the inhibiting IgG was metabolically cleared to an ineffective concentration.  相似文献   

19.
We describe a turbidimetric assay for quantifying total immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum with use of a single monoclonal antibody. The reaction, monitored by a centrifugal analyzer, is technically simple, rapid, and precise. Buffer of low ionic strength and polyethylene glycol are required for formation of detectable antibody-antigen complexes. We measured IgG concentrations in 49 polyclonal sera (Group 1) and 84 sera containing monoclonal IgG (Group 2) in assays in which we used either of two anti-IgG monoclonal antibodies (HG6 or HG8). Results compared well with those obtained with a nephelometric assay involving polyclonal antiserum, except for sera from four persons of Group 2 whose immunoglobulins were not detected by antibody HG6. HG6 bound IgG from these four sera in a solid-phase binding assay. HG6 and HG8 recognize epitopes on the Fab and Fc regions of IgG, respectively, and they do not compete for binding to the whole molecule. However, use of the two monoclonal antibodies combined failed to improve the sensitivity or range of the assay. We conclude that light-scattering assays of IgG can be validly performed with a single monoclonal antibody.  相似文献   

20.
A quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method has been developed to assay the levels of IgG subclasses to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharides (PCP) by using a reference standard. This standard solution containing specific antibodies to a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine (Pneumovax) was purified from the serum of an immunized healthy adult by affinity chromatography. In order to determine the predominant response to Pneumovax in the four IgG subclasses, specific IgG subclasses in preimmune and postimmune sera from six healthy adults were assessed quantitatively by the ELISA. With regard to peak concentrations after immunization, there was a marked increase in the IgG2 subclass, compared with those of IgG1 and IgG3. Such a quantitative assay of Pneumovax-specific IgG subclass antibodies is useful for the direct evaluation of immune responses to immunization with a polyvalent pneumococcal vaccine, and at the same time, for estimating the IgG2 response to PCP antigens in individuals.  相似文献   

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