热敏灸辅治COPD并发呼吸衰竭的循证护理

目的提高热敏灸辅助治疗COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者的效果,缩短住院时间降低医疗费用。方法将75例COPD并发呼吸衰竭应用机械通气的患者随机分为对照组40例和观察组35例,两组均行热敏灸辅助治疗。对照组采用常规方法护理;干预组运用循证护理,解决患者腧穴热敏化治疗穴位选择和操作问题,加强呼吸道管理与营养管理。结果两组撤离机械通气后1h心率、呼吸频率、血气分析值、血气改善时间、住院时间、抗生素应用时间及住院费用比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论对危重COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者运用热敏灸治疗,实施循证护理,可有效缩短治疗时间,提高护理质量。     

危重症专职护理小组干预提高COPD呼吸衰竭患者序贯机械通气治疗效果

目的探讨危重症专职护理小组在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)呼吸衰竭患者序贯机械通气治疗中的作用。方法将序贯机械通气治疗的102例COPD呼吸衰竭患者分为两组。对照组(n=51)实施常规护理干预;干预组(n=51)由危重症专职护理小组实施护理干预。比较两组干预前后血气指标、治疗效果、护理质量。结果干预后干预组血气分析结果显著优于对照组(均P0.05);干预组入住ICU时间、住院时间及机械通气时间较对照组显著缩短(P0.05,P0.01),护理质量评分较对照组显著上升(均P0.01)。结论将危重症专职护理小组干预运用于COPD呼吸衰竭患者序贯机械通气治疗中有助于提高临床疗效,有利于改善患者预后。     

护理干预对无创正压通气治疗COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭效果观察

目的观察护理干预对无创正压通气治疗COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的护理效果。方法 60例应用无创正压通气治疗的COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭患者随机分为观察组和对照组各30例,比较两组的动脉血气变化情况及护理效果。结果与对照组比较,观察组PaO2明显提高,PaCO2明显降低,住院时间缩短,护理满意度明显提高（P〈0.05）。结论护理干预对无创正压通气治疗COPD并Ⅱ型呼吸衰竭的护理效果显著,可以提高护理满意度,缩短住院时间。     

纤维支气管镜联合机械通气序贯治疗老年COPD严重呼吸衰竭的临床研究

目的：探讨纤维支气管镜联合机械通气序贯治疗老年COPD严重呼吸衰竭的临床效果。方法选择我科收治的116例老年COPD严重呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为纤维支气管镜联合机械通气序贯治疗组（简称观察组）以及单纯机械通气序贯治疗组（简称对照组）,每组各58例。观察两组患者的临床疗效,机械通气治疗后的相关指标以及切换时间窗时的血气分析指标。结果观察组患者有效率84.48%,优于对照组有效率70.69%,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与对照组比较,观察组的有创机械通气时间、总机械通气时间、呼吸衰竭纠正时间、感染控制窗出现时间、住院时间以及PaCO2均降低明显,PaO2和pH值则升高明显,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论纤维支气管镜联合机械通气序贯治疗老年COPD严重呼吸衰竭,可有效改善患者临床症状,缩短机械通气时间,提高疗效,具有临床推广价值。     

机械通气对食管癌术后呼吸衰竭患者血气分析指标及预后的影响

目的探讨机械通气治疗食管癌术后呼吸衰竭患者的效果及其对血气分析指标及预后的影响。方法 2011年1月至2014年1月选取80例行食管癌根治手术后发生呼吸衰竭的患者为研究对象,根据随机数字表分为观察组及对照组各40例,对照组术后给予有创机械通气,观察组应用无创机械通气辅助治疗,对比分析两组患者治疗前后血气分析指标、并发症及预后的情况。结果两组治疗后PaCO2、PaO2、SaO2、pH值较术前有明显改善(P0.05),治疗后观察组与对照组比较无显著差异(P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率及死亡率均低于对照组,观察组ICU时间及机械通气时间显著短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论对食管癌术后并发呼吸衰竭患者应用机械通气辅助治疗能有效改善患者血气分析指标,促进患者预后。     

无创正压通气治疗老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床疗效观察

目的：探讨无创正压通气治疗老年COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者的临床效果。方法选取我院收治的老年COPD并合并有呼吸衰竭的患者60例,随机分为A组与B组,B组患者行鼻导管持续低流量吸氧和常规药物治疗,A组患者在B组基础上增加机械通气面罩正压通气。比较两组患者血气分析结果、病死率、治疗周期和治疗后肺功能指标间的差异。结果 A组患者血气分析指标和治疗后肺功能指标显著优于B组（ P＜0.05）,病死率显著低于B组（P＜0.05）,治疗周期显著短于B组（P＜0.05）。结论无创正压通气可以有效提高老年COPD并发呼吸衰竭患者的临床治疗效果。     

无创机械通气治疗COPD合并呼吸衰竭临床疗效分析

目的探讨无创通气治疗用于COPD合并呼吸衰竭的临床疗效。方法选取笔者所在医院120例COPD合并呼吸衰竭患者,随机分为两组,每组60例,观察组采用无创机械通气治疗,对照组采用标准治疗方法,对两组患者的住院时间及病死率进行比较。结果观察组平均住院时间（11.7±3.9）d,对照组平均住院时间（15.9±4.5）d,两组差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组死亡4例（6.7%）,对照组死亡11例（18.3%）,两组气管插管率及死亡率组间比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论无创机械通气可明显改善患者的呼吸状况,疗效显著,且具有无创、感染少等优势。     

循证护理在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的应用

目的:探讨循证护理在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎中的意义.方法:将100例机械通气患者随机分为实验组和对照组,对照组患者只实施常规护理,实验组患者在此基础上增加循证护理内容,比较两组患者机械通气后1周、2周VAP的发生率以及机械通气时间.结果:实验组机械通气1周、2周,VAP发生率显著低于对照组(X2=6.02,4.98,P＜0.05),且机械通气时间显著短于对照组(t=3.15,P＜0.01).结论:循证护理可显著减少机械通气1周、2周VAP的发生,同时可显著缩短机械通气时间.     

肺泡表面活性物质辅助治疗新生儿持续肺动脉高压的疗效观察

目的观察肺表面活性物质（PS）联合呼吸机机械通气治疗新生儿持续肺动脉高压（PPHN）的疗效。方法将40例达到机械通气标准的PPHN患儿分成2组。治疗组18例在常规机械通气基础上、采用从气管插管内滴入PS治疗,对照组22例给予常规机械通气治疗,其余治疗相同。比较分析两组肺动脉压、平均气道压、吸入氧浓度、血气分析、机械通气时间、氧疗时间、住院时间。结果治疗组与对照组在肺动脉压、平均气道压、吸入氧浓度、血气分析、机械通气时间、氧疗时间、住院时间方面均有显著性差异（P均〈0.05）。结论 PS联合呼吸机机械通气治疗PPHN能迅速缓解临床症状,缩短氧疗时间及住院时间。     

吸湿冷凝加湿器联合密闭式吸痰预防呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果

目的观察吸湿冷凝加湿器联合密闭式吸痰在预防呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的意义。方法将入住ICU行机械通气超过48h的96例患者,按随机数字表法分为观察组(49例)和对照组(47例)。观察组采用吸湿冷凝加湿器联合密闭式吸痰,对照组采用加温加湿器联合开放性吸痰。比较两组VAP发生率、VAP发病时间及住院时间,机械通气不同时间通气参数及血气指标。结果观察组VAP发生率显著低于对照组,出现VAP的时间显著长于对照组,住院时间显著短于对照组(P0.05,P0.01);不同机械通气时间两组通气的各项参数及血气分析指标比较,差异无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论吸湿冷凝加湿器联合密闭式吸痰,能够延缓并降低VAP的发生,缩短患者住院时间。     

杭州健康女性定量骨超声测定原发性骨质疏松

目的 评价杭州健康女性骨超声速度(SOS)值随增龄减少和骨质疏松患病率，建立杭州地区女性骨超声速度值参考数据库。方法 定量超声法测定1208例杭州地区健康女性桡骨远端(RAD)，第3指骨近节(PLX)，第V跖骨(MTR)和胫骨中段(TIB)的超声速度值。结果 RAD、PLX、MTR和TIBSOS峰值(Peak of SOS)均出现在40-45岁，TJB的SOS峰值出现在35—40岁，此后随年龄增长而下降。绝经后妇女在绝经后早期和晚期各有1个SOS快速减少期，前见于桡骨近端，平均年减少率为2．4％，后见于胫骨中段，平均年减少率为1．8％。各部位骨SOS累积减少率随年龄增长而增加，到85岁4部位累积减少为13％-18％。60岁以后骨质疏松性症(OP)检出率为45％-70％，OP检出率以桡骨远端最高，60-70岁平均为67％，第3指骨近端次之约50％，胫骨中段最低为36％；75岁以后分别为70％，65％和45％。结论 全身各部位骨超声速度值到达峰值的年龄不同，峰值也各有差异。绝经后妇女骨超声速度值随年龄增加减少较快，应予激素和补钙治疗，桡骨远端为本地区SOS检测和OP检出的敏感部位。     

Importance of echocardiography in prognosis of surgical outcomes in cholecystitis in elderly patients

The authors propose to use more often echocardiography (EchoCG) in examination of elderly (over 60 years) of age patients with cholecystitis that permits to increase surgical activity to 92.4%. Left ventricular ejection fraction is the most informative. When this fraction is lower than 45% surgery must be recommended on vital indications only. EchoCG was used in 155 patients with cholecystitis, 131 of them were operated. 2 (1.52%) patients died due to acute cardio-vascular insufficiency and pulmonary artery thromboembolism.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

目的 评价脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用.方法 健康雄性C3H/He小鼠40只,周龄8～10周,体重18～22 g,随机分为4组(n=10):假手术组(S组)、骨癌痛组(B组)、PBS组(P组)和米诺环素组(M组).S组跟骨骨髓腔内注射PBS 10 μl;余3组跟骨骨髓腔内注射含2×105个骨纤维肉瘤细胞的PBS 10 μl制备骨癌痛模型,于造模前即刻开始PBS组鞘内注射PBS 5μl,M组鞘内注射米诺环素(用PBS溶解为0.2 mmol/L)5μl,1次/d,连续11 d.于造模前1 d、造模后即刻、3、5、7、9、11 d时测定机械痛阈;于造模后3、7、9、11 d机械痛阈测定结束后测定冷痛阈.痛阈测定结束后处死小鼠,取脊髓组织,测定神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)和CD11b的表达水平.结果 与S组比较,B组和P组造模后3-11 d时、M组造模后3、5 d时机械痛阈升高,B组、P组和M组造模后7～11 d时冷痛阈升高,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达上调(P<0.05).与B组比较,M组造模后3-11 d时机械痛阈降低,造模后7-11 d时冷痛阈降低,脊髓CD11b和GFAP表达下调(P<0.05).结论 脊髓胶质细胞(星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)的激活参与了小鼠骨癌痛的形成.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.     

脊髓胶质细胞在小鼠骨癌痛形成中的作用

Objective To evaluate the role of gliocyte in the spinal cord in the development of bone cancer pain (BCP) in mice. Methods Forty male C3H/He mice aged 8-10 weeks weighing 18-22 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 10 each) : group I sham operation (group S) , group II BCP, group Ⅲ PBS and group IV minocyline (group M) . In group BCP, PBS and M, bone cancer pain was produced by injection of NCTC2472 fibrosarcoma cell suspension (2 x 105 cells) 10 μl into medullary cavity of calcaneus bone, while in group S, PBS solution 10 μl was injected instead of cancer cell suspension. In group PBS and M, PBS 5 μl and minocyline 5 μl (dissolved to 0.2 mmol/L in PBS)_were given IT immediately before cancer cell inoculation once a day for 11 consecutive days respectively. Mechanical pain threshold was measured at 1 d before cancer cell inoculation, and at 0, 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. Cold pain threshold was measured at 3, 7, 9 and 11d after cancer cell inoculation. The animals were killed after measurement of pain threshold and L4-6, segment of spinal cord was removed for determination of GFAP and CD11b expression by Western blot. Results Compared with group S, mechanical pain threshold was significantly increased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation in group BCP and PBS, and at 3 and S d after cancer cell inoculation in group M, and cold pain threshold was significantly increased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was up-regulated in group BCP, PBS and M ( P < 0.05) . Compared with group BCP, mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, cold pain threshold was significantly decreased at 7-11 d after cancer cell inoculation, and expression of CD11b and GFAP was down-regulated in group M ( P <0.05) . ConclusionThe activiton of gliocyte in the spinal cord is involved in the development of bone cancer pian in mice.