某保健食品胶囊减肥功能人体试食试验

目的了解某保健食品胶囊是否具有减肥作用。方法单纯性肥胖受试者100例,随机分为2组,试食组50例,对照组50例。试食组服用保健食品胶囊35 d,对照组不服用任何保健食品。所有对象均于试验开始及结束时均测试各项功效性指标。结果试食组在试用后体重平均下降2.45 kg,体脂总量平均下降1.69 kg,体脂百分率平均下降1.04%;皮下的脂肪厚度有2个测定位点减少,其中上臂减少了1.29 mm,脐旁3 cm处减少2.60 mm,腰围减少2.21 cm,与试食前比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对照组这些指标在试验前和后无差异。结论测试保健食品胶囊具有减肥功能。     

左旋肉碱对肥胖人员减肥作用的效果观察

[目的]观察左旋肉碱对肥胖人员减肥作用的效果。[方法]采用自身对照及组间对照法对肥胖受试者进行为期35d的人体试验。[结果]试验后，左旋肉碱组的体重下降0．7kg，腰围减少3．0cm，臀围减少3．1cm，体脂总量减少0．6kg，各点皮下脂肪厚度均有减少，试验前后体重、腰围、臀围、体脂总量、右三角肌下缘臂外侧正中点处皮下脂肪厚度、右脐旁3cm处脂肪厚度的减少值左旋肉碱组均大于对照组（P〈0．01或〈0．05）。[结论]左旋肉碱能降低肥胖人员的脂肪量，达到去脂减肥的目的。     

糖尿病社区综合防治效果评价

[目的 ]　通过社区糖尿病综合防治 ,使糖尿病病人病情稳定 ,并发症减少 ,病人生活质量提高 ,医药费用降低。以此观察社区卫生服务在糖尿病综合防治中的实际效果。　 [方法 ]　对糖尿病人进行防治糖尿病健康教育 ,并饮食和运动的量化干预 ,建立科学的生活方式 ,纠正不良的生活习惯 ,控制可能导致糖尿病并发症发生的危险因素 ,配合必要的药物治疗。　 [结果 ]　综合管理 3个月 ,83例病人综合防治前后自身对照糖尿病防治知识及自我保健能力方面平均提高 89.16% (P <0 .0 1) ,纠正不良生活方式和不良生活习惯 79.3 2 % (P <0 .0 1) ,糖尿病自测率提高 71.0 8% (P <0 .0 1) ,体重平均下降 1.80kg(P <0 .0 1) ,腰围平均下降 1.77cm(P <0 .0 1) ,臀围平均下降 1.0 4cm(P <0 .0 1) ,体重指数 (BMI)平均下降 0 .68(P <0 .0 1) ,收缩压平均下降 11.19mmHg(P <0 .0 1) ,舒张压平均下降 5 .61mmHg(P <0 .0 1) ,空腹血糖平均下降 3 .3 3mmol/L(P <0 .0 1) ,餐后 2h血糖平均下降 3 .5 4mmol /L(P <0 .0 1) ,患者医药费用平均每人减少 97.0 5元。　 [结论 ]　社区卫生服务综合防治糖尿病 ,能提高疗效 ,提高患者的生活质量和降低医药费用     

运动、营养联合干预8～18岁肥胖儿童效果观察

[目的]通过运动和营养联合干预,观察8～18岁肥胖儿童的减肥效果。[方法]为受试者制定运动和饮食处方,服用营养补充剂,统一吃、住、运动训练1个月。[结果]在试验期间,受试者每日运动强度中等(达目标心率的60%～75%),1日摄入总能量为8.6 MJ(2 058 kcal)蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物的供能百分比分别为17.8%、19.6%和62.6%。11名受试者干预后体重共减少106 kg,平均每人减少9.6 kg,BMI平均值下降了3.9 kg/m2。[结论]通过运动与营养方式对肥胖学龄期儿童进行联合干预取得显著效果。     

富铬茶叶对血糖的调节作用研究

[目的 ]　研究富铬茶叶调节血糖的功能作用。 [方法 ]　动物实验中正常动物和高血糖模型动物各设 3个剂量组 ,分别为 0 .3 4、0 .67、2g/kg ,另设蒸馏水空白对照组。给样途径 :灌胃 ;人体试食实验采用双盲法 ,设自身及安慰剂两种对照 ,随机分组 ,试验组和对照组分别进食受试产品和安慰剂 ,每天服用 2次 ,每次 2 g。[结果 ]　富铬茶叶能降低正常动物试验中糖耐量血糖差值试验中 2～ 0 .5h时相血糖差值和由四氧嘧啶引起的高血糖模型动物糖耐量试验中 2h时相血糖含量和糖耐量血糖差值试验中 2～ 0 .5h时相的血糖差值 ;人体试验试验组与对照组的降糖疗效差异有显著性 ,试验组试验后的空腹血糖、餐后 2h血糖比试验前下降差异有显著性。对照组差异均无显著性。 [结论 ]　富铬茶叶具有调节血糖的功能作用     

复方氯化血红素纠正贫血的疗效观察

[目的 ]　观察复方氯化血红素对纠正缺铁性贫血的疗效。　 [方法 ]　随机选取两组各 3 0例贫血者 ,试验组每天服用复方氯化血红素 2片 ,共 3 0d ,对照组服用安慰剂 ,测定服用前后两组血红蛋白、红细胞内原卟啉浓度、血清铁蛋白、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 ,并进行统计学分析。　 [结果 ]　试验组试验末血红蛋白量较试验前平均上升 2 1.8g/L ,红细胞内原卟啉浓度较试验前下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,血清铁蛋白含量升高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,红细胞平均血红蛋白浓度升高 (P <0 .0 5 )。　 [结论 ]　复方氯化血红素治疗缺铁性贫血是安全、有效的。     

苜蓿胶囊对肥胖大鼠减肥作用的试验研究

目的了解苜蓿胶囊对营养性肥胖大鼠的减肥作用。方法喂饲大鼠高脂营养饲料,建立营养性肥胖大鼠模型后．随机分成4个组,每组10-11只动物,分别给予苜蓿胶囊0、250、490、1470mg/kg,连续42d,实验期内每周称重2次,并记录每只动物的给食量、剩食量及撒食量。实验结束前称量动物体重,计算摄食量和饲料利用率;处死后分离睾丸及肾周脂肪并称重,计算脂／体比值。结果食用苜蓿胶囊的1470mg／kg剂量组动物第6周的体重与模型对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;各荆量组动物的总饲料进食量和食物利用率与模型对照组比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,低、高剂量组动物的体重增重与模型对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）：3个剂量组动物的睾丸及肾周脂肪重量和脂肪／体重比与模型对照组比较均明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论食用苜蓿胶囊对肥胖大鼠有减肥作用：     

颐宁多肽胶囊的毒理学安全性研究

目的:对颐宁多肽胶囊的食用安全性进行毒理学评价。方法:采用急性毒性实验、遗传毒性实验(小鼠骨髓微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、Ames实验)和30天喂养试验进行评价。结果:颐宁多肽胶囊小鼠经口急性毒性LD50>21.5 g/kg.bw,属无毒级物质,3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性;以5.0 g/kg.bw、7.5 g/kg.bw、10.0 g/kg.bw 3个剂量的样品连续给大鼠灌胃30 d,实验期间动物生长发育良好,血液学、生化、脏器比及组织病理学各项检测指标未见异常。结论:颐宁多肽胶囊急性毒性分级属无毒级,无遗传毒性,最大无损害作用剂量(NOAEL)大于10.0 g/kg.bw,相当于人体推荐量的100倍。在本实验条件下颐宁多肽胶囊属于安全性保健食品。     

中长链脂肪酸食用油对不同程度高甘油三酯血症患者体脂的影响

目的 观察中长链脂肪酸食用油对不同程度的高甘油三酯血症患者体脂的影响.方法 将112例高甘油三酯血症患者随机分为两组,分别食用含长链脂肪酸和中长链脂肪酸的食用油,于试验前及试验8周后分别测量身高、体重、腰围、臀围、三头肌皮褶厚度、肩胛下皮褶厚度、体内脂肪重量、脂肪百分比、腹部总脂肪面积、内脏脂肪面积和皮下脂肪面积及血中甘油三酯(TG)水平,并计算体质指数(BMI)、腰臀比,组内以,TG 2.3mmol/L,为界分层.比较试验前后上述指标两组间的差异.结果 食用中长链脂肪酸食用油8周后,与食用长链脂肪酸食用油相比,TG≤2.3 mmol/L者的体重、BMI、腰围、体内脂肪重量、腹部总脂肪面积、内脏和皮下脂肪面积均降低(P＜0.05),而TG＞2.3 mmol/L者的所有人体测量指标两组间均无统计学意义;此外,食用中长链脂肪酸食用油8周后高甘油三酯血症患者血中TG水平均降低(P＜0.05).结论 合理使用中长链脂肪酸食用油可使TG≤2.3 mmol/L的高甘油三酯血症患者的体脂降低.但对TG＞2.3 mmol/L者降低体脂的效果不明显.     

某高级中学住宿生膳食与营养状况调查

[目的 ]　为创建我区学生膳食示范点 ,为今后发展中学学生膳食探索经验。 [方法 ]　用记帐法和称量法调查2 71名住宿学生的膳食情况 ,并结合人体测量指标评估其营养状况。 [结果 ]　平均每日男女生能量和各种营养素摄入量分别为 :能量 (32 5 0± 16 4)kcal,(2 5 80± 172 )kcal;蛋白质 (112 .1± 10 .3) g ,(97.0± 9.7)g ;脂肪 (137.6± 11.5 ) g ,(136 .0± 10 .9) g ;碳水化物 (390 .6± 17.9)g ,(2 37.8± 18.0 ) g。蛋白质 /脂肪 /碳水化物供能比为 13 .8∶38.1∶48.1;15 .0∶47.4∶36 .9。脂肪供能占总热量比例超过 30 %。碳水化物供能比低于 5 0 %。来自动物及豆类的蛋白质占总蛋白质的 5 0 %以上。早中晚三餐热能分配为 2 1∶38∶41和 2 7∶35∶38。常量及微量元素中铁、钠、钾、磷、碘、铜、硒、锰均达中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量(DRIs)要求 ;钙、锌男女生摄入量分别为DRIs 的 5 8.90 %和 5 6 .6 0 %、79.47%和 78.71%。维生素E、C和尼克酸均达DRIs要求 ;VitA摄入量男女分别为DRIs 的 6 3 .9%和 73 .1%。VitB2 摄入量男女分别为DRIs 的 83 .33 %和 90 .83 %。 [结论 ]　膳食结构基本合理 ,但应减少脂肪摄入 ,增加主食和菜果的供给量。     

Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or body fat regain

BACKGROUND: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is marketed as a safe, simple, and effective dietary supplement to promote the loss of body fat and weight. However, most previous studies have been of short duration and inconclusive, and some recent studies have questioned the safety of long-term supplementation with CLA. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to assess the effect of 1-y supplementation with CLA (3.4 g/d) on body weight and body fat regain in moderately obese people. DESIGN: One hundred twenty-two obese healthy subjects with a body mass index (in kg/m2) > 28 underwent an 8-wk dietary run-in with energy restriction (3300-4200 kJ/d). One hundred one subjects who lost >8% of their initial body weight were subsequently randomly assigned to a 1-y double-blind CLA (3.4 g/d; n = 51) or placebo (olive oil; n = 50) supplementation regime in combination with a modest hypocaloric diet of -1250 kJ/d. The effects of treatment on body composition and safety were assessed with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and with blood samples and the incidence of adverse events, respectively. RESULTS: After 1 y, no significant difference in body weight or body fat regain was observed between the treatments. The CLA group (n = 40) regained a mean (+/-SD) 4.0 +/- 5.6 kg body weight and 2.1 +/- 5.0 kg fat mass compared with a regain of 4.0 +/- 5.0 kg body weight and 2.7 +/- 4.9 kg fat mass in the placebo group (n = 43). No significant differences in reported adverse effects or indexes of insulin resistance were observed, but a significant increase in the number of leukocytes was observed with CLA supplementation. CONCLUSION: A 3.4-g daily CLA supplementation for 1 y does not prevent weight or fat mass regain in a healthy obese population.     

Dietary conjugated linoleic acid reduces adiposity in lean but not obese Zucker rats

Recent studies have demonstrated a reduction in body fat in growing animals fed conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Two experiments were conducted to extend these observations to obese rats so that the mechanism of the actions of CLA might be more easily elucidated. In experiment 1, male lean and obese Zucker rats were fed diets containing either 0 or 0.5% CLA for 5 wk. There was no effect of diet on growth rate or food intake. Dietary CLA reduced retroperitoneal and inguinal fat pad weights in the lean rats but increased fat pad weights in the obese genotype (diet x genotype interaction; P < 0.05). Determination of fat pad cellularity indicated that these changes in fat pad weight were due to a reduction or increase in average fat cell size for the lean and obese Zucker rats, respectively. In experiment 2, we sought to reproduce these effects on fat pad size, as well as to determine the effect of dietary CLA on the catabolic response to bacterial endotoxin injection in obese Zucker rats. Growing female lean and obese Zucker rats were fed diets containing 0 or 0.5% CLA for 8 wk. On d 28, each rat was injected intraperitoneally with lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli serotype 055:B5 (1 mg/kg body weight) and body weight was determined over the next 96 h. There was a diet x genotype interaction (P < 0.05) for the body weight response to lipopolysaccharide 24 h postinjection. Lean rats fed CLA lost less weight than did lean controls, but obese rats fed CLA lost more weight than did obese controls. As in the first experiment, there was a diet x genotype (P < 0.05) for the effect of treatment on retroperitoneal fat pad weights determined at the end of the experiment. Lean rats fed CLA had smaller RP fat pads than did lean controls, but obese rats fed CLA once again had heavier RP fat pads than did obese controls. These results indicate that CLA reduces body fat and catabolic response to endotoxin injection in lean Zucker rats but not in the obese genotype. The observed interaction between diet and genotype warrants additional investigation into the specific mechanism(s) of the biological activities of CLA.     

Conjugated linoleic acid reduces body fat accretion and lipogenic gene expression in neonatal pigs fed low- or high-fat formulas

Childhood obesity is an increasing problem and may predispose children to adult obesity. Weight gain during infancy has been linked to excessive weight later in life. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) have been shown to reduce fat gain and body fat mass in animal models and in humans. The effects of CLA in a piglet model of human infancy have not been determined. The objective of this experiment was to examine the regulation of body composition and lipid metabolism in pigs fed low- and high-fat milk formulas supplemented with CLA. Twenty-four piglets were fed low- (3%) or high-fat (25%) diets with or without 1% CLA in a 2 x 2 factorial design. Formulas were fed for 16-17 d. Piglet body weight gains did not differ, although pigs fed the low-fat diets consumed greater amounts of diet. Piglets fed the high-fat formula accreted 50% more body fat during the feeding period than low-fat fed piglets and CLA reduced body fat accretion regardless of dietary fat content. Liver and muscle in vitro oxidation of palmitate was not influenced by dietary treatments. Adipose tissue expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase-alpha and lipoprotein lipase were significantly reduced by CLA treatment. Overall, CLA reduced body fat accretion without influencing daily gain in a piglet model of human infancy. Results indicate that inhibition of fatty acid uptake and synthesis by adipose tissue, and not increased fatty acid oxidation in liver or muscle, were involved in reducing body fat gain.     

Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation for 8 weeks does not affect body composition, lipid profile, or safety biomarkers in overweight, hyperlipidemic men

The usefulness of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a nutraceutical remains ambiguous. Our objective was, therefore, to investigate the effect of CLA on body composition, blood lipids, and safety biomarkers in overweight, hyperlipidemic men. A double-blinded, 3-phase crossover trial was conducted in overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m(2)), borderline hypercholesterolemic [LDL-cholesterol (C) ≥ 2.5 mmol/L] men aged 18-60 y. During three 8-wk phases, each separated by a 4-wk washout period, 27 participants consumed under supervision in random order 3.5 g/d of safflower oil (control), a 50:50 mixture of trans 10, cis 12 and cis 9, trans 11 (c9, t11) CLA:Clarinol G-80, and c9, t11 isomer:c9, t11 CLA. At baseline and endpoint of each phase, body weight, body fat mass, and lean body mass were measured by DXA. Blood lipid profiles and safety biomarkers, including insulin sensitivity, blood concentrations of adiponectin, and inflammatory (high sensitive-C-reactive protein, TNFα, and IL-6) and oxidative (oxidized-LDL) molecules, were measured. The effect of CLA consumption on fatty acid oxidation was also assessed. Compared with the control treatment, the CLA treatments did not affect changes in body weight, body composition, or blood lipids. In addition, CLA did not affect the β-oxidation rate of fatty acids or induce significant alterations in the safety markers tested. In conclusion, although no detrimental effects were caused by supplementation, these results do not confirm a role for CLA in either body weight or blood lipid regulation in humans.     

短期强化训练对单纯性肥胖儿童人体成分改变的影响

目的 探讨短期强化训练对单纯性肥胖儿童人体成分改变的影响。方法 选取参加2012、2013年7月郑州市儿童医院减重夏令营的肥胖儿童60例,男28例,女32例,年龄8岁6月～14岁。减重方案包括有氧运动、合理饮食。有氧运动的方案根据不同学生设计不同治疗方案,采用循序渐进的原则,逐渐达到控制体重要求。同时利用人体成分分析仪分别于训练前、训练后对单纯性肥胖儿童进行测量身高、体重、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、身体水分、蛋白质、无机盐、脂肪、体脂百分比、肌肉。利用SPSS 16.0统计软件对以上数据进行减重训练前后配对t检验。结果 经过3周的减重训练后,体重[(64.97±17.89)kg]、BMI[(27.42±5.24)kg/m²]、脂肪[(26.68±10.88)kg]、体脂百分比[(39.49±9.38)%]较减重训练前[(68.06±20.19)kg、(29.09±6.41)kg/m²、(30.02±12.22)kg、(42.40±8.61)%]均明显降低(P＜0.05),而身高[(152.64±10.28)cm vs (151.61±10.15)cm]、无机盐[(2.70±0.66)kg vs(2.61±0.65)kg]均明显增加(P均＜0.05),但身体水分[(28.07±6.27)kg vs (27.98±6.72)kg]、蛋白质[(7.50±1.68)kg vs(7.45±1.80)kg]、肌肉[(20.67±5.06)kg vs (20.50±5.44)kg]均无明显变化(P＞0.05)。结论 短期强化训练通过减脂作用有效达到控制肥胖儿童的体重,同时还有利于儿童身高的提升和体质增强。     

Supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid for 24 months is well tolerated by and reduces body fat mass in healthy, overweight humans

After 12 mo in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplementation (2 groups received CLA as part of a triglyceride or as the free fatty acid, and 1 group received olive oil as placebo), 134 of the 157 participants who concluded the study were included in an open study for another 12 mo. The goals of the extension study were to evaluate the safety [with clinical chemistry analyses and reported adverse events (AEs)] and assess the effects of CLA on body composition [body fat mass (BFM), lean body mass (LBM), bone mineral mass (BMM)], body weight, and BMI. All subjects were supplemented with 3.4g CLA/d in the triglyceride form. Circulating lipoprotein(a) and thrombocytes increased in all groups. There was no change in fasting blood glucose. Aspartate amino transferase, but not alanine amino transferase, increased significantly. Plasma total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were reduced, whereas HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were unchanged. The AE rate decreased compared with the first 12 mo of the study. Body weight and BFM were reduced in the subjects administered the placebo during the initial 12 mo study (-1.6 +/- 3.2 and -1.7 +/- 2.8 kg, respectively). No fat or body weight changes occurred in the 2 groups given CLA during the initial 12 mo. LBM and BMM were not affected in any of the groups. Changes in body composition were not related to diet and/or training. In conclusion, this study shows that CLA supplementation for 24 mo in healthy, overweight adults was well tolerated. It confirms also that CLA decreases BFM in overweight humans, and may help maintain initial reductions in BFM and weight in the long term.     

Effects of milk supplementation with conjugated linoleic acid (isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12) on body composition and metabolic syndrome components

The effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on body weight and body composition in man are controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of milk supplementation with CLA on body composition and on the biochemical parameters of the metabolic syndrome. This was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Subjects were randomised to a daily intake of 500 ml milk supplemented with 3 g CLA (using a mixture of the bioactive isomers cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12, marketed as Tonalin, Naturlinea; Central Lechera Asturiana) or placebo for 12 weeks. Sixty healthy men and women (aged 35-65 years) with signs of the metabolic syndrome participated (BMI 25-35 kg/m2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure body composition (week 0 baseline and week 12). Total fat mass in the CLA-milk subgroup with a BMI < or = 30 kg/m2 decreased significantly while no changes were detected in the placebo group (approximately 2 %, P = 0.01). Trunk fat mass showed a trend towards reduction (approximately 3 %, P = 0.05). CLA supplementation had no significant effect on the parameters of the metabolic syndrome, nor was it associated with changes in haematological parameters or renal function. The supplementation of milk with 3 g CLA over 12 weeks results in a significant reduction of fat mass in overweight but not in obese subjects. CLA supplementation was not associated with any adverse effects or biological changes.     

Efficacy of conjugated linoleic acid for reducing fat mass: a meta-analysis in humans

BACKGROUND: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to be an effective supplement for reducing fat mass in animals, whereas results in humans have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: This is a meta-analysis of human studies in which CLA was provided as a dietary supplement to test its efficacy in reducing fat mass. DESIGN: We searched the PubMed database (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD) and references from the resulting search to identify studies in which CLA was provided to humans in randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trials and in which body composition was assessed by using a validated technique. RESULTS: We identified 18 eligible studies. Of these, 3 were single-isomer studies, and results comparing CLA isomers were inconclusive. We compared the length of treatment by using studies in which a mixture of purified isomers were used and those in which purified trans-10,cis-12 isomers were used. This comparison indicated that the effect of CLA was linear for up to 6 mo and then slowly approached an asymptote at 2 y. An analysis of the dose effect indicated that fat loss compared with placebo was -0.024 kg x g CLA(-1) x wk(-1) (P=0.03). After adjustment to the median dose of 3.2 g CLA/d, CLA was effective and produced a reduction in fat mass for the CLA group alone (0.05 +/- 0.05 kg/wk; P<0.001) and for the CLA group compared with placebo (0.09 +/- 0.08 kg/wk; P<0.001) CONCLUSION: Given at a dose of 3.2 g/d, CLA produces a modest loss in body fat in humans.