Effect of sodium succinate on histomorphological changes of autodermic grafts in rats

Sodium succinate was found to increase the viability of epithelial cells in autodermic transplants. It stimulated the proliferation of epidermal cells of the basal layer, enhanced the activity of succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and adenosine triphosphatase, intensified the formation of keratin, and activated the ingrowth of blood vessels through the generation of functioning endothelial cells. Translated fromByulleten' Experimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 126, No. 11, pp. 555–560, November, 1998     

Histochemical characteristics of experimental moniliasis under specific sensitization conditions

The role of specific sensitization in the pathogenesis of experimental moniliasis was studied histochemically. Activity of several enzymes of the fungus and of infiltrating inflammatory cells was determined and assessed quantitatively. Tissue changes in visceral moniliasis were found to correspond to changes in the active substances in cells of the fungus and of the focus of inflammatory infiltration. In the early stages of parasitism increased activity of fungal enzymes was observed, followed by a decrease, which coincided with a decrease in the number of vegetative forms. Preliminary administration of monilial allergen induced increased sensitivity to subsequent infection. Changes in specifically sensitized rats developed against the background of marked vascular disorders and followed a hyperergic type of course.Department of Pathological Anatomy and Department of Microbiology and Medical Mycology, S. M. Kirov Leningrad Postgraduate Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. P. Avtsyn.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 8, pp. 1009–1011, August, 1976.     

Concerning the mechanism of succinate oxidation in albino rat liver

Experiments with deuterated succinate (2,3-dideuteriumbutanediacid) prove that succinate is oxidized via the peroxide pathway. After the addition of deuterated succinate to liver centrifugate, heavy water is formed as a result of its dehydration. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 121, No. 5, pp. 524–525, May, 1996     

State of the nutritive circulation in rats after prolonged hypokinesia

After prolonged hypokinesia for 80–100 days considerable disturbances of the nutritive circulation were observed in experiments on rats: reduction of the network of true capillaries, emptying of the terminal arteries and arterioles, direction of the terminal blood flow mainly along the developing network of arteriovenous anastomoses, by-passing the nutritive vessels. A tendency was noted for the buffer bases to be low in the venous blood and for respiratory alkalosis to be present in the arterial blood. The hemorheological stages were not significant.Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Extremal States, Institute of General Pathology and Pathological Physiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR A. M. Chernukh.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 83, No. 4, pp. 403–405, April, 1977.     

Catabolic effect of anabolic steroid in skeletal muscle under conditions of impaired neurotrophic regulation

Effect of anabolic steroid nandrolone (Phenobolin) on fast (plantar) and slow (soleus) skeletal muscles was studied in guinea pigs with impaired neurotrophic regulation (denervation, axonal transport blockade) or after tenotomy. Immunohistochemical analysis with monoclonal antibodies to fast myosin heavy chains showed that injection of anabolic steroid did not modify the relative content of fast and slow muscle fibers in the studied muscles under all experimental conditions. Injection of anabolic steroid did not modify the weight of the studied muscles and did not prevent its drop after denervation or tenotomy. Axonal transport blockade by colchicine application on the nerve induced the appearance of fast muscle fibers in the slow soleus muscle and an increase in its weight; in the slow muscle, nandrolone did not prevent the induction of fast myosin synthesis. Under conditions of axonal transport blockade, the agent exerted a catabolic effect and considerably reduced the muscle weight. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol.127, No. 5, pp. 569–572, May, 1999     

Ammonium succinate is an effective corrector of cerebral circulatory hypoxia

It is demonstrated that ammonium succinate is capable of increasing the survival of rats with acute brain ischemia. In transient brain ischemia therapeutic injection of ammonium succinate prevents the development of postischemic hypoperfusion and hypooxygenation of the brain. The antiischemic effect of ammonium succinate is due to a decrease of the oxygen affinity of hemoglobin and to limitation of the accumulation of malonic dialdehyde, a secondary product of lipid peroxidation, in the brain. No vasotropic activity of ammonium succinate is revealed. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 276–278, September, 1994 Presented by E. D. Gol'dberg, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on the regional circulation and nervous regulation of vascular tone

The effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate (40, 100, and 200 mg/kg) on the cirulation in the aorta and the carotid, mesenteric, and femoral arteries (using electromagnetic recording of the blood flow), the tonic activity in the sympathetic nerves, and the EEG was studied in experiments on anesthetized and unanesthetized cats and also on immobilized, unanesthetized dogs. Decreased activity of the sympathetic nerves and synchronization of the EEG under the influence of sodium hydroxybutyrate were found to be associated with a marked increase in the circulation in the regional vessels (of the brain, intestine, and limb) and by a decrease in their resistance, which was particularly marked in the system of the common carotid arteries. An effect of sodium hydroxybutyrate on the central regulation of vascular tone is postulated.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Zakusov.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp. 71–74, August, 1975.     

Microcirculation of the small intestine in various phases of its motor activity

Experiments on guinea pigs, rabbits, and rats with simultaneous recording of motor activity of the small intestine and the state of its microcirculation showed that the diameter of the intramural vessels of the intestine depends on its contractile activity. On the basis of their data the authors suggest an explanation for the mechanism of disturbance of the secretory and absorptive function of the small intestine after blocking of its nervous reflexes and transplantation.Department of Anatomy, Patrice Lumumba Peoples' Friendship University. Laboratory of Physiology, Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. V. Kovanov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 3, pp. 261–263, March, 1976.     

Phospholipase A2 activity and lipid peroxidation during endotoxemia under conditions of experimental peritonitis

The severity of endotoxemia in peritonitis depends on morphofunctional state of the intestine determined by the intensity of free-radical lipid peroxidation and phospholipase A₂ activity, which are the highest on day 1 postoperation. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 129, No. 1, pp. 31–33, January, 2000     

Reactivity of capillaries and pyramidal neurons in rat cortex under conditions of acutely reduced circulation

A study of capillaries and pyramidal neurons of the cortex in white rats subjected to ligation of the common carotid artery reveals that acute reduction of the circulation is characterized by a decreased activity of alkaline phosphatase and Na, K-ATPase as well as a reduced number of capillaries marked with these enzymes, and a lower activity of butyrylcholine esterase. A decreased activity of cytochrome oxidase in neurons suggests the existence of intracellular compensatory-adaptive mechanisms. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 117, N ^o 5, pp. 558–560, May, 1994 Presented by O. S. Adrianov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

The state of the microcirculatory bed,microhemodynamics, and oxygen supply of the liver under conditions of disrupted parasympathetic innervation

Vagotomy is shown to result in disturbances of the microcirculation (a reduced rate of blood flow and distortion of its kinetics), the morphological basis of which consists of certain transformations of the microvascular network organization and ultrastructural changes in the cells lining the sinusoidal capillaries. The most pronounced disorders in microhemodynamics and blood supply of the liver are found 5–14 days after vagotomy. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 118, N ^o 9, pp. 328–330, September, 1994 Presented by V. V. Kupriyanov, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Morphological mechanism of the development of miosatellitocytes from structural elements of muscle fiber under conditions of increased functional activity of skeletal muscles

Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 116, No 8, pp. 208–210, August, 1993     

Blood and lymph circulation in peribronchial lymph nodes under conditions of bronchial inflammation treated with laser therapy

Ultrastructure of vascular endothelium and sinuses of regional lymph nodes was studied under conditions of infectious-destructive lung disease. Inflammation caused significant damage to these cells, while endobronchial laser therapy produced considerable plastic changes in the bronchi. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp. 455–459, April, 1999     

Inhibition of platelet aggregation under the action of sodium hypochlorite. Effect of blood plasma components

The proteins fibrinogen and serum albumin and the amino acid alanine modified by sodium hypochlorite are shown to inhibit thrombin-induced aggregation of isolated platelets. The hypochlorite sodium-treated proteins and amino acids acquire the capacity to counter platelet aggregation as a result of the formation of chloramine derivatives. The aggregating capacity of hypochlorite sodium-inactivated platelets can be restored by native plasma and fibrinogen. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 119, N ^o 5, pp. 488–490, May, 1995 Presented by Yu. M. Lopukhin, Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences     

Biological properties of human mutant tumor necrosis factor-α

Antitumor activities of tumor necrosis factor-α and its mutant analog R31Q are studied in HEp-2 and U-937 cell cultures. Cytotoxic activity of R31Q virtually does not differ from that of the initial form of tumor necrosis factor-α and its cytostatic effect was even slightly higher. The nonspecific toxicity of R31Q toward human diploid fibroblasts L-68 is lower. Comparative study of the drug pharmacokineticsin vivo showed a better preservation and higher concentration in the blood of the mutant analog of tumor necrosis factor-α. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 125, No. 1, pp. 89–92, January, 1998