老年人踝臂指数与动脉粥样硬化研究进展

动脉粥样硬化是全身性、连续性疾病,除了累及冠状动脉、脑动脉外,还常累及全身的外周动脉等多处动脉血管床[1].冠状动脉性心脏病、缺血性脑卒中、外周动脉病等都是动脉粥样硬化性疾病的重要表现形式.动脉粥样硬化性疾病是老年常见病,动脉硬化的程度和进展的快慢,将直接影响老年人心脑血管疾病的发生率和死亡率,影响老年人的生存质量.     

踝/臂血压指数与动脉粥样硬化的关系

现着重阐述踝/臂血压指数(AB I)异常(AB I<0.9)与外周动脉病、心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、糖尿病等多种疾病之间的关系,旨在分析AB I的临床应用价值,明确动脉粥样硬化为全身性疾病,以期在临床工作中更好地防治动脉粥样硬化疾病。     

心踝血管指数与踝臂指数预测冠心病的价值

目的　探讨心踝血管指数（CAVI）与踝臂指数（ABI）对冠心病的预测价值。方法　随机选取在我院心血管内科行选择性冠状动脉造影检查及治疗的患者256例,其中经冠状动脉造影证实的冠心病患者（狭窄度≥50%）205例作为冠心病组,并根据冠状动脉病变支数分为相应的亚组,其余51例（狭窄度＜50%）作为对照组（非冠心病组）,比较两组间CAVI、ABI的差异。结果　年龄、糖尿病、高血压、吸烟、血脂等是冠心病发生的危险因素。随着冠状动脉狭窄程度的加重,CAVI进行性增高,两组间的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）。非冠心病组与冠心病组ABI均在正常范围,但冠心病组ABI明显低于非冠心病组（P＜0.01）。多支病变组ABI低于非冠心病组、单支病变组（P＜0.05）。CAVI（＋）预测冠心病的敏感性较高（66.4%）,特异性欠佳（32.7%）;ABI降低预测冠心病的敏感性低（18.0%）,但特异性高（96.2%）。结论　CAVI（－）可能是非冠心病有意义的独立预测因子,CAVI（＋）则有利于早期发现动脉硬化,而ABI降低则是冠心病独立的危险因子,可视为冠心病的诊断参考指标。     

老年人群踝臂指数与颈动脉粥样硬化的关联研究

目的探讨中国老年人群踝臂指数（ABI）与无症状性颈动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法采用横断面研究方法，在参加“青岛港健康研究”的人群中，挑选年龄大于55岁，既往无冠心病、脑卒中和周围动脉病史共507人，进行颈动脉超声和四肢血压的检查。结果颈动脉粥样硬化的患者踝臂指数明显减低，多因素回归分析进一步说明踝臂指数减低与颈动脉粥样硬化独立相关。结论踝臂指数与颈动脉粥样硬化密切相关，是其独立的危险因素。     

踝臂指数与缺血性脑卒中患者颅内动脉狭窄的相关性

目的 探讨缺血性脑卒中患者踝臂指数（ABI）与颅内动脉狭窄程度、数量、部位以及不同类型缺血性脑卒中的关系.方法 选择82例行全脑血管造影（DSA）的缺血性脑卒中患者,所有患者在造影前均进行ABI测量和常规生化检查.按血管狭窄程度及病变血管数量对患者进行分组,并进行中国缺血性脑卒中亚型（CISS）分型,比较颅内动脉狭窄程度、病变数量、部位以及不同类型脑卒中与ABI的关系.运用SPSS 13.5统计学软件进行统计学分析.结果 （1）颅内动脉狭窄组的ABI值（1.00±0.23）较无狭窄组（1.07±0.33）显著降低（t=1.990,P〈0.05）.3支及以1：病变组与无狭窄组、1支病变组和2支病变组ABI值有显著差异（t=1.684,t=2.441,P〈0.05）,但无狭窄组（ABI为1.07±0.33）、1支病变组（ABI为1.04±0.11）、2支病变组（ABI为1.02±0.35）之间比较没有显著性差异（t=1.684,t=1.688,t=1.711,P〉0.05）.（2）前后循环均狭窄组（0.89±0.08）的患者与无狭窄组（1.07±0.33）、颈内动脉狭窄组（1.02±0.17）、椎基底动脉狭窄组（1.04±0.15）比较ABI水平有显著性降低（t=1.725,t=2.0,t=2.12,P〈0.05）.（3）AB1≤0.9时预测重度颅内动脉狭窄的敏感度、特异度、准确度分别为85.4%、92.5%和69.7%.（4）大动脉粥样硬化（LAA）组ABI异常率显著高于穿支动脉疾病（PAD）组（P〈0.01）,LAA组ABI值（0.89±0.17）显著降低（t=2.639,P〈0.01）.结论 缺血性脑卒中患者ABI与颅内动脉狭窄严重程度、病变支数、病变部位相关,重度颅内动脉狭窄、3支以上病变以及前后循环系统均狭窄的缺血性脑卒中患者ABI值明显降低.ABI对重度颅内动脉狭窄有较高的预测价值.ABI与LAA有关,与PAD无关.     

踝臂指数与心血管疾病

踝臂指数是指踝部动脉收缩压和肱动脉收缩压的比值。已经证实踝臂指数是诊断外周动脉疾病,评估其预后的简单有效的方法,同时其异常也反映了冠状动脉病变程度,是心、脑血管事件和死亡风险强有力的预测因子,应作为心血管疾病危险人群风险评估的重要组成部分。现就踝臂指数及其在心血管领域的主要研究进展做一综述。     

踝臂指数的临床应用与研究

踝臂指数(ankle-brachial index,ABI)是踝部动脉(通常取胫后动脉或足背动脉)收缩压与上臂肱动脉收缩压的最高值之比.其原理是根据动脉狭窄程度所达到临界水平并导致狭窄远端灌注压降低,其程度大致与病变程度呈正相关.最初是用于诊断下肢外周动脉缺血的一种简便、无创、有效的方法,但最近几年国内外有关ABI多项大规模的临床实验发现,ABI不再仅仅是用于外周动脉缺血性疾病的诊断,而且已逐步推广用于心、脑血管疾病,肾血管疾病及糖尿病等多学科多领域疾病的研究,且已在一定程度上取得了共识.现就ABI的近期研究进展作一综述.     

动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死与踝臂指数等危险因素相关性的临床分析

目的观察踝臂指数(ABI)等危险因素与动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死的相关性。方法选取动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死患者(脑梗死组)300例及定期门诊体检者(对照组)100例,分析高血压史、糖尿病病史、吸烟史、血脂紊乱、肥胖及ABI与动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死的相关性。结果单因素分析显示高血压史、糖尿病病史、吸烟史、血脂紊乱、肥胖及ABI异常在脑梗死组和对照组间存在统计学差异(P0.05);Logistic回归分析显示糖尿病病史、吸烟史、血脂紊乱、ABI异常为动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死的密切相关危险因素。结论糖尿病病史、吸烟史、血脂紊乱与动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死的发生密切相关,ABI异常可作为动脉粥样硬化型脑梗死的预测指标,临床上应重视相关危险因素的筛查与控制。     

某团飞行员踝臂指数测定及临床意义

目的测定飞行员踝臂指数（ABI）并探讨其临床意义。方法选择某团125例飞行员,按年龄分为30岁以下、30～39岁及40岁以上3组,每个年龄段再按是否吸烟分为2组,分别测定ABI、收缩压、舒张压、体质量指数。对比各年龄段吸烟组与非吸烟组飞行员ABI,分别计算ABI与年龄、飞行时间的直线相关系数。结果吸烟组年龄、飞行时间、收缩压,脉压BMI均高于非吸烟组（P〈0.01）;30岁以下和30～39岁组飞行员吸烟组ABI与非吸烟组无明显差异（P〉0.05）;40岁以上吸烟组ABI较非吸烟组降低（P〈0.01）;ABI与年龄、飞行时间呈负相关（P〈0.01）。结论40岁以上飞行员吸烟组与非吸烟组ABI存在显著差异,年龄、飞行时间与ABI相关。     

颈动脉斑块和低踝臂指数联合作用增加老年人缺血性心脑血管事件的发生风险

目的:探讨颈动脉斑块和低踝臂指数（ABI）联合作用对老年人群缺血性心脑血管事件发生风险的影响。方法:该研究为前瞻性队列研究。纳入2010至2011年度完成颈动脉超声和ABI检测的开滦研究老年队列中的人群。按照有无颈动脉斑块及有无ABI降低将入选者分为3组,即无颈动脉斑块且ABI>0.9组、有颈动脉斑块但ABI>0.9组...     

Association of the Prognosis of Ankle-brachial Index Improvement One Year Following Endovascular Therapy in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: Data from the I-PAD NAGANO Registry

Objective Despite reports on the effects of ankle-brachial index (ABI) improvement following endovascular therapy (EVT) on the limb prognosis, studies evaluating cardiovascular events are limited. We investigated whether or not ABI improvement 1 year following EVT was associated with cardiovascular events. Methods The I-PAD NAGANO registry is an observational multicenter cohort study that enrolled 337 patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) who underwent EVT between August 2015 and July 2016. From this cohort, we identified 232 patients whose ABI data 1 year following EVT were available, after excluding patients with critical limb ischemia. We divided the patients into two groups according to the degree of ABI improvement 1 year following EVT (ΔABI) - the ΔABI <0.15 group and the ΔABI ≥0.15 group - and compared the outcomes. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), including all - cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke. The secondary endpoints were major adverse limb events (MALEs), defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization and major amputation, all - cause death, MI, and stroke. The median follow-up period was 3.3 years. Results The incidence of MACEs was significantly higher in the ΔABI <0.15 group than in the ΔABI ≥0.15 group (ΔABI <0.15 vs. ΔABI ≥0.15, 25.8% vs. 11.9%, log-rank p=0.036), as was the incidence of stroke (14.1% vs. 2.2%, log-rank p=0.016). A Cox regression analysis revealed that ΔABI ≥0.15 was significantly associated with fewer MACEs (hazard ratio 0.38, 95% confidence interval 0.17-0.83, p=0.016). Conclusion An increase in ABI ≥0.15 at 1 year following EVT was a predictor of reduced MACEs.     

Ankle-brachial index as a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in 3733 Chinese patients with high cardiovascular risk

Objective To assess the association between 1-year risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease （CVD） mortality and ankle-brachial index （ABI） in Chinese patients who were at high CVD risk. Methods Totally 3733 patients with high CV risk had bilateral ABI measurements at baseline and were followed up for 1-1.5 years. Patients were divided to four groups： 1） coronary heart disease （CHD）; 2） ischemic stroke （IS）; 3） diabetes mellitus （DM）; 4） very high risk group（VHR）, low ABI was defined as 〈0.9. Results A total of 3179 patients were analyzed. The prevalence of low ABI was 28.1%. At 1 year, all-cause mortality was 8.7%, and 27.6% was attributable to CVD; mortality due to CV events was 4.8% and 1.5%. After adjusting other risk factors the hazard ratio of low ABI was 1.623 for all-cause mortality and 2.304 for CVD mortality. Similar in patient with and without low ABI, respectively were found in four groups.Conclusion ABI is a strong and independent predictor ofrnortality. Patients with a low ABI have a substantially increased risk of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality （J Geriatr Cardio12010; 7：17-20）.     

踝肱指数与动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性疾病

多项研究显示，踝肱指数（ABI）降低是全身动脉粥样硬化的重要危险因素和预测因素。ABI是心脑血管病发病和死亡的独立预测因素，且与心脑血管病的患病率和病死率呈负相关。ABI降低，特别是低于0．90，是全身动脉粥样硬化的重要指征。ABI检查操作简单、准确可靠，可作为动脉粥样硬化血栓形成性疾病高危人群的常规筛查指标。     

Ankle-brachial index and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity are associated with albuminuria in community-based Han Chinese

Background/objectives: Our study aimed to explore whether the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were associated with albuminuria in community-based Han Chinese. Methods: Total 2127 subjects (860 men and 1267 women) aged 60 years and over were recruited in Beijing. Albuminuria was assessed by the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) of ≥30 mg/g. BaPWV was divided by quartile. The logistic regression was used to determine the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of ABI and baPWV with albuminuria. Results: ABI was associated with albuminuria in the interaction model (OR 0.89, 95% CI 0.81–0.99 by every 0.1 unit increase of ABI), especially in hypertension (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.73–0.92) and diabetes (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.68–0.98) groups. BaPWV groups were also significantly associated with albuminuria, ORs of having albuminuria for baPWV quartile II, III, and IV were 1.02(0.65–1.52), 1.05(0.72–1.61), and 1.18(1.04–1.47) in the interaction model. For hypertension and diabetes patients, only the baPWV quartile IV group had higher OR. Conclusions: ABI and baPWV were associated with albuminuria after adjusting for other risk factors in Chinese community-based elderly Han population. The association of ABI with albuminuria was stronger in hypertension and diabetes patients.     

2型糖尿病踝肱指数与周围神经病变的关系：427例临床分析

目的探讨2型糖尿病患者踝肱指数与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）之间的关系。方法对427例2型糖尿病患者采用多普勒血流探测仪测定踝肱指数（ABI）,并依据ABI分为,周围动脉病变（PAD）组（ABI〈0．9）和非PAD组（ABI≥0．9）,同时检测所有患者胫后感觉神经传导速度（NCV）、潜伏期、振幅,进行组间比较,并对上述指标进行线性相关分析及多元线性回归。结果ABI〈0．9者115例,占26．9％,与非PAD组比较,PAD组周围NCV明显下降【左NCV：（30±8）VS（32±7）m／s,右NCV：（29±6）VS（33±7）m／s,P〈0．01],潜伏期延长[左潜伏期：（8．2±2．0）VS（7．4±1．4）ms,右潜伏期：（8．3±1．7）w（7．4±1．3）ms,P〈0．01],振幅下降[左振幅：（10±12）vs（15±16）mV,右振幅：（9±7）vs（14±13）mV,P〈0．011;相关分析显示,踝肱指数与潜伏期呈负相关、与振幅呈正相关;在调整年龄、病程、体质量指数（BMI）、收缩压、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL．C）、血肌酐、NCV和振幅,多元逐步回归提示,ABI与年龄、LDL．C、NCV、BMI相关。结论2型糖尿病患者中,PAD可能是DPN的重要危险因素或影响因素。     

女性代谢综合征患者踝臂指数与全因及心血管病死亡的关系

目的研究踝臂指数(ABI)与女性代谢综合征(MS)患者全因死亡与心血管病(CVD)死亡之间的关系。方法符合国际糖尿病学会(IDF,2005)MS诊断标准的女性MS患者1049例入选。进行ABI的测量及平均13.6月随访。按ABI水平的不同将研究对象分为外周动脉疾病(PAD)组(ABI≤0.9,共259例)和非PAD组(ABI在0.91～1.40之间,共790例)。结果在基线水平,PAD组的年龄、高血压患病率、收缩压水平、糖尿病患病率、吸烟率均高于非PAD组(P<0.05)。PAD组与非PAD组的全因死亡率分别为10.4%和4.4%(P<0.01),CVD死亡率分别为4.6%和1.6%(P<0.01)。ABI最高第4分位(≤0.40)较最低的第1分位(1.00～1.40)全因死亡增加3.7倍(P=0.012),心血管病死亡率虽有增加但无显著性。通过COX回归分析,调整年龄、高血压史、糖尿病史、吸烟等因素后,显示全因死亡和CVD死亡的相对危险仍呈同样趋势。结论低ABI是预测女性MS患者全因死亡的独立性危险因素,女性MS患者早期常规接受ABI检查,积极预防和治疗PAD对提高生存率具有重要价值。