The content of lignan glycosides in Forsythia flowers and leaves

Quantitative determination of lignan glucosides in flowers and leaves of three taxons of Forsythia Vahl was performed using the HPLC method. The main lignan compound in the flowers of F. suspensa appeared to be (+)-pinoresinol beta-D-glucopyranoside, whereas in the leaves of this species phillyrin was the predominant lignan. The content of (+)-pinoresinol beta-D-glucopyranoside in F. suspensa flowers amounted to 4.3-7% and that of phillyrin did not reach 1%. The inverse ratio of (+)-pinoresinol beta-D-glucopyranoside to phillyrin occurred in the leaves of F. suspensa, which contained up to 4.3% of phillyrin and 1.6% and less (+)-pinoresinol beta-D-glucopyranoside. The flowers of F. viridissima and F. x intermedia were rich in arctiin: 5.5-10.2% and up to 11.5%, respectively. The leaves of these two species contained less arctiin: up to 4.3% in F. viridissima and up to 2.3% in F. x intermedia. The flowers showed the highest level of lignans at the phase of buds, it decreased during the blooming time.     

产地对连翘叶中木脂素和黄酮类成分含量的影响

目的比较产地对连翘叶中木脂素类成分和黄酮类成分含量的影响。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定不同产地连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量,以4mL·L~(-1)冰醋酸-乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,检测波长为277nm,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0mL·min~(-1)。结果不同产地连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量差异较大。黄酮类成分,以湖北和陕西产的连翘叶中芦丁含量较高,高达1.1%以上;木脂素类成分,以湖北、陕西和河南产的连翘叶中连翘酯苷A和连翘苷含量较高,分别高达3.0%和1.0%以上。而江西产的连翘叶中芦丁、连翘酯苷A和连翘苷的含量普遍较低。结论产地对连翘叶中木脂素类成分和黄酮类成分的含量影响显著。     

连翘化学成分研究

目的对中药连翘的化学成分进行分离和鉴定。方法连翘的水提物经D1 0 1大孔树脂 ,以水和不同浓度的乙醇洗脱 ,φ =60 %的乙醇洗脱部分采用硅胶吸附柱色谱的手段分离得到 4个化合物 ,利用理化和谱学分析 (IR、NMR、ESI MS)的方法进行结构鉴定。结果 4个化合物分别被鉴定为异落叶松树脂醇 (isolariciresinol) (Ⅰ ) ,丁二酸 (succinicacid) (Ⅱ ) ,丁四醇 (erythritol) (Ⅲ ) ,汉黄芩素 7 O 葡萄糖苷 (wogonin 7 O glucoside) (Ⅳ )。 结论以上化合物均为首次从连翘中分离得到。用 2D NMR修正了文献中化合物Ⅰ部分碳信号归属错误     

DNA authentication of Plantago Herb based on nucleotide sequences of 18S-28S rRNA internal transcribed spacer region

Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA gene were amplified from 23 plant- and herbarium specimens belonging to eight Plantago species (P. asiatica, P. depressa, P. major, P. erosa, P. hostifolia, P. camtschatica, P. virginica and P. lanceolata). Sequence comparison indicated that these Plantago species could be identified based on the sequence type of the ITS locus. Sequence analysis of the ITS regions amplified from the crude drug Plantago Herb obtained in the markets indicated that all the drugs from Japan were derived from P. asiatica whereas the samples obtained in China were originated from various Plantago species including P. asiatica, P. depressa, P. major and P. erosa.     

Influence of traditional Chinese anti-inflammatory medicinal plants on leukocyte and platelet functions

The enzymes 5-lipoxygenase and elastase are therapeutic targets in dermatological disorders such as psoriasis. Fifteen extracts from traditional Chinese medicinal plants used to treat topical inflammations were screened for their inhibitory effect on lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and elastase activity in intact leukocytes and platelets. Astragalus membranaceus, Forsythia suspensa and Poria cocos inhibited 5-lipoxygenase, with IC50 values of 141, 80 and 141 microg mL(-1), respectively. The latter two species, along with Angelica dahurica and Angelica pubescens, also inhibited elastase (IC50 values of 80, 123, 68 and 93 microg mL(-1), respectively), while A. pubescens, Atractylodes macrocephala, Lentinus edodes, Rehmannia glutinosa and Paeonia lactiflora selectively inhibited 12-(S)-HHTrE production, a valid marker of cyclooxygenase activity. The inhibition of phospholipase A(2) activity by P. cocos is discussed. Dehydrotumulosic and pachymic acids, which have been isolated from P. cocos, were shown to inhibit leukotriene B(4) release. The results indicate that both P. cocos and F. suspensa are potentially valuable species in the management of skin pathologies involving chronic inflammation.     

累积风险评估方法在5种植物类中药材中铅和镉联合暴露评估中的应用

目的：利用中药材中铅(Pb)和镉(Cd)的残留量数据,探索不同累积风险评估方法在评估中药外源性有害残留物联合暴露风险中的应用。方法：以5种植物类中药材中Pb和Cd的残留量专项监测数据为基础,计算暴露量。并通过文献检索,获得Pb和Cd的相关毒理学参数。根据分级评估的原则,分别采用危害指数(HI)法、靶器官毒性剂量(TTD)法和证据权重(WOE)法等3种累积风险评估方法,评估 5种植物类中药材中Pb和Cd联合暴露的健康风险。结果：HI法的评估结果表明,艾叶、车前草和黄连的 HI值大于1。TTD 法的评估结果表明,Pb和Cd的联合暴露对于神经系统和肾脏来说,艾叶、车前草、黄连、金银花的HI值＞1;对于心血管和血液来说,艾叶、车前草、黄连的HI值＞1。而 WOE法的评估结果则表明,Pb和Cd的联合暴露对于心血管、神经系统和睾丸来说,艾叶、车前草、黄连、金银花的HI值大于1;对于血液来说,艾叶的HI值大于1;对于肾脏来说,艾叶、车前草、黄连的HI值大于1。结论： 本研究首次建立了中药中铅和镉元素的分级别的累积评估模型。该评估模型的建立,为中药中重金属及有害元素的风险评估打开新的思路,为制定更加科学的限量标准提供技术支撑。     

青翘和老翘的HPLC指纹图谱比较及聚类分析、主成分分析

目的:建立青翘和老翘药材的指纹图谱并比较,同时进行聚类分析和主成分分析。方法:采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Hypersil C₁₈,流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸水溶液(梯度洗脱),检测波长为235 nm,柱温为25℃,流速为1.0 mL/min,进样量为10μL。以连翘苷为参照,绘制8批青翘(Q1~Q8)和6批老翘(L1~L6)药材的HPLC指纹图谱;采用《中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)》进行相似度评价,确定共有峰;采用SPSS 23.0软件进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果:青翘和老翘药材共有19个共有峰,指认了其中6个,分别为连翘酯苷A、芦丁、松脂素-β-D-葡萄糖苷、连翘苷、槲皮素、连翘脂素;青翘与老翘药材的相似度为0.351~0.767。聚类分析结果显示,青翘和老翘药材样品可聚为4类,其中L1~L6聚为一类、Q1聚为一类、Q2~Q6聚为一类、Q7~Q8聚为一类。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分的累积方差贡献率为83.14%,L1~L6分布较近,Q2~Q6分布较近,Q7~Q8分布较近,Q1分布较为独立,与聚类分析结果一致。结论:青翘和老翘的指纹图谱共有峰经相似度评价、聚类分析及主成分分析均有明显差异,所建HPLC指纹图谱可用于综合评价和比较青翘和老翘药材的质量。     

银翘散主要药物提取物体外抑制流感病毒作用的比较研究

目的:观察并比较银翘散主要药物金银花、连翘、牛蒡子及其配伍提取物体外抗甲型流感病毒FM1株作用.方法:采用血凝试验对中药不同浓度、不同时间点进行体外抗甲型流感病毒的效价测定.结果:金银花、连翘、牛蒡子及其配伍提取物可直接抑制甲型流感病毒FM1株的活性,作用时间从1 h可持续到24 h;各时间点各中药提取物在最大不凝血浓度即金银花25 mg/mL、连翘50 mg/mL、牛蒡子100 mg/mL、配伍组50 mg/mL时均能完全抑制病毒的增殖,其对病毒的抑制作用随着药物浓度的降低而逐渐减弱.结论:金银花、连翘、牛蒡子及其配伍提取物可有效抑制甲型流感病毒FM1株体外增殖.     

连翘乙醇提取物对小鼠抵御伤寒沙门菌感染能力的研究

目的：观察连翘乙醇提取物对小鼠抵抗鼠伤寒杆菌能力的影响。方法：将不同剂量连翘乙醇提取物腹腔连续注射感染鼠伤寒的小鼠6d,对照组小鼠注身于0．9％氯化钠注射液,观察小鼠的生存时间,脾脏的重量指数,脏器菌落计数,检测小鼠血清中抗体IgG水平,用ELISA法测定小鼠脾脏释放的细胞因子。结果：经连翘乙醇提取物治疗的小鼠,与对照组相比,生存时间均延长,脾脏重量指数均降低,脾脏菌落计数均降低,血清中抗体IgG水平均升高,脾脏细胞分泌细胞因子IFN-1水平平均上升。连翘乙醇提取物治疗剂量30g·kg^1·d^-1时可使感染鼠的存活率达70％以上（P〈0．05）。结论：连翘乙醇提取物能够通过增强抗体的产生,调节细胞因子的释放,增强宿主的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能保护宿主抵抗胞内菌的感染。     

连翘有效成分的HPLC法测定

报道了反相HPLC梯度洗脱法对连翘中的咖啡酸、连翘酯甙、芦丁、连翘甙及连翘脂素五种有效成分的测定。优化了连翘酯甙的分离提取方法。确定了生药经甲醇冷浸后超声提取的方法,并用所建立的提取分析法比较了不同产地连翘壳及用作珠茶的连翘叶中有效成分的含量。     

基于指纹图谱和网络药理学的连翘质量标志物预测分析

目的 预测连翘的质量标志物(Q-Marker).方法 采用高效液相色谱法建立10批连翘药材的指纹图谱,并进行共有峰指认,筛选连翘药材中的Q-Marker候选成分;采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对连翘挥发油成分进行分析,筛选挥发油中的Q-Marker候选成分;然后将筛选的Q-Marker候选成分进行网络药理学分...     

甲康颗粒剂薄层色谱鉴别方法的研究

目的：建立甲康颗粒剂的薄层鉴别方法。方法：采用不同的展开系统,分别对方中的连翘,夏枯草、牡丹皮、紫胡、玄参进行了薄层鉴别方法的研究。结果：连翘以氟仿-甲醇(9：1)、夏枯草以苯-乙醚-醋酸乙酯(7：2：1)、牡丹皮以环已烷-氟仿-乙酸乙酯(10：2：1)、紫胡以氟仿-甲醇(8：1．5)为展开剂、玄参以氟仿-甲醇(5：1)为展开剂展开。结论：建立了甲康颗粒剂中连翘、夏枯草、牡丹皮、紫胡、玄参的薄层鉴别方法,且方法稳定、可行、具有实用性。     

Inhibition of low density lipoprotein oxidation by tetrahydrofurofuran lignans from Forsythia suspensa and Magnolia coco

Based on the inhibition of Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation as marker, the major antioxidants in the fruits of Forsythia suspensa and the stems of Magnolia coco were identified. Of these bioactive tetrahydrofurofuran lignans, pinoresinol, phillygenin, and syringaresinol were more potent than probucol. Sesamin and fargesin, which do not contain phenol groups, were found much less active.     

连轺化学成分研究

从连轺中分离得到３个化合物。经化学和波谱方法鉴定，它们分别是熊果酸（ｕｒｓｏｌｉｃａｃｉｄ，Ⅰ），连翘甙（ｐｈｉｌｌｙｒｉｎ，Ⅱ）和连翘脂素（ｐｈｉｌｌｙｇｅｎｉｎ，Ⅲ），均为首次从连轺中分离而得。     

连翘中的木脂素单糖苷

自连翘（ＦｏｒｓｙｔｈｉａｓｕｓｐｅｎｓａＶａｈ１．）的果实中分离得到３种木脂素单糖苷，根据理化数据和光谱手段鉴定为（＋）松脂素－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖苷（ｐｉｎｏｒｅｓｉｎｏｌ－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｉｄｅ）（１），（＋）松脂素单甲基醚－β－Ｄ－葡萄糖苷（ｐｉｎｏｒｅｓｉｎｏｌｍｏｎｏｍｅｔｈｙｅｔｈｅｒ－β－Ｄ－ｇｌｕｃｏｓｉｄｅ）（２），（＋）连翘苷（ｐｈｉｌｙｒｉｎ）（３）．其中，（２）为本种植物首次分离．     

连翘中的一个新化合物

目的研究中药连翘的化学成分。方法采用硅胶吸附柱色谱的手段 ,利用理化和谱学分析(NMR、ESI MS)方法 ,对化合物进行分离鉴定。结果从连翘的果实中分离得到一个化合物 ,确定其结构 ,将其命名为连翘酸 1′ O β D 葡萄糖苷 (rengynicacid 1′ O β D glucoside)。结论该化合物为新化合物     

连翘滴眼液的制备与质量控制

目的制备连翘滴眼液,建立其质量控制方法。方法采用醇提水沉法提取连翘有效成分连翘苷,以此为主药,以硼砂、硼酸、羟苯乙酯等为辅料制备连翘滴眼液;采用高效液相色谱法测定制剂中连翘苷的含量;进行稳定性考察和药效学研究,依据《中华人民共和国药典》对滴眼液进行质量控制。结果连翘苷质量浓度在20～200μg/mL范围内与峰面积线性关系良好(r=0.999 9),平均加样回收率为99.53%,RSD为1.51%(n=6)。结论连翘滴眼液制备工艺合理,质量可控。     

羚翘解毒制剂的薄层色谱鉴别

对羚翘解毒制剂中的银花、甘草、牛蒡子、连翘、桔梗进行了薄层色谱研究 ，并对不同批号及加速试验样品进行实验，结果表明方法简便可靠，重现性好，为该制剂的质量控制提供了依据。     

Simultaneous determination of 12 major constituents in Forsythia suspensa by high performance liquid chromatography--DAD method

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed to simultaneously determine the 12 major constituents of Forsythia suspensa, namely R-suspensaside, S-suspensaside, S-suspensaside methyl ether, (+)-pinoresinol-beta-d-glucoside, forsythiaside, (+)-epipinoresinol-4'-O-glucoside, suspensaside A, rutin, phillyrin, (+)-pinoresinol, (+)-epipinoresinol and phillygenin. The HPLC assay was performed on a Zorbax XDB C(18) column with gradient elution of methanol and 0.3% aqueous acetic acid within 55 min. The detection wavelength was 280 nm. All the compounds showed good linearity (r(2)>0.9998). The method was reproducible with intra- and inter-day variation less than 3%. The recovery of the assay was in the range of 91.2-104.9%. The method was successfully applied to the quantification of 12 constituents in 33 F. suspensa samples. The results indicated that the developed assay could be considered as a suitable quality control method for F. suspensa.     

Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa V(AHL) and its active principle

This study was carried out to elucidate the antiinflammatory active principles obtained from 70% methanol extract of the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa V(AHL) (F. suspensa). The methanol extract was then partitioned between n-hexane and water, and then the n-hexane fraction was evaporated to dryness under vacuum. The n-hexane fraction was chromatographed (Frs. I--V), Fr. IV was rechromatographed (Frs. VI--VIII), and then Fr. VII was rechromatographed (Frs. IX--XI) by silica gel column chromatography. The antiinflammatory activity of these fractions was investigated on acetic acid-induced vascular permeability in rats. The n-hexane fraction showed an antiinflammatory effect and these activities shifted successively to Fr. IV, Fr. VII and Fr. X. The chemical structure of the active principle obtained from Fr. X was identified as 3beta-acetoxy-20,25-epoxydammarane-24-ol. These results suggest that the antiinflammatory and an analgesic effect of 70% methanol extract of F. suspensa may be the result of the compound that it contains.