朋辈心理咨询在学校心理咨询中的作用

朋辈心理咨询是对专业心理咨询的一个重要的补充，是一种实施方便、推广性强、见效快的心理咨询模式，对增进学校心理健康教育有着重要的意义。本文通过对朋辈心理咨询与专业心理咨询的联系和差异的分析；论述了在学校开展朋辈咨询工作的作用和意义。     

综合医院门诊心理咨询分析

随着医学心理学的进步，心理咨询应运而生。近年来国内综合医院心理咨询室以门诊直接会谈、书信询问、专栏介绍、电话咨询等方式开展精神卫生咨询活动。心理咨询是对已经有了心理刺激尚未发病，或已有某些躯体疾病的人进行心理指导，从而增强对疾病的防卫能力，减轻心理负担，树立治疗信心，促使向良好的方向发展。1咨询方法对咨询者均作详细的体格检查、神经系统检查与精神检查，对部分咨询者作明尼苏达多相人格测定（MMPI）、疾病症状评定量表（SCL—90）等心理测验。咨询后如确诊为某型神经症、精神病、心身疾病或躯体疾病，根据具体…     

2310例书信及电话咨询分析

本文资料取自《青年心理咨询》杂志社求助信函回函处档案和电话咨询记录。信函咨询涉及除台湾和宁夏青海以外的２８个省、市、自治区，电话咨询来自除台湾、西藏、新疆、青海以外的２７个省、市、自治区。另外港、澳地区没有来询者。以个别咨询为主，咨询者均为专业人员。...     

SARS疫情期间公众心态影响及变化趋势分析

目的：探索重大突发性公共卫生事件对社会公众心理行为的影响，以及在不同阶段中公众心态变化的特点。方法：对SAILS流行期间374人次的心理咨询记录进行分析，依据疫情发展情况，比较各阶段的差异。结果：在咨询者中，女性(59．4％)多于男性(40．6％)；根据疫情变化将咨询记录数据划分为三个阶段，分析发现随着疫情缓和，针对SARS症状的咨询者显著减少，从13．1％降低到1．8％；有关社会生活的咨询者显著增多，从8．7％上升到12．3％；在有关情绪问题的咨询者中，伴有相关症状者显著减少，从23．0％降低到4．5％；不伴相关症状者显著增多，从77．0％上升到95．5％。结论：整个SAILS疫情期问，情绪问题始终占第一位；随SARS疫情缓和，社会公众对于疾病本身的关注减少，而与疫情有关的社会生活问题增多；面对突发性公共卫生事件，及时开通心理咨询热线电话是十分必要的。     

沈阳市电话心理咨询分析

分析沈阳市电话心理咨询热线服务的有关资料，发现当今时代存在心理问题人较多，而求咨者中以学生、文化素养较高者为众，建议提高咨询队伍的专业水平，保证咨询质量为心理咨询工作之重点。     

心理咨询中建立良好的帮助关系方法分析

<正>心理咨询是运用心理学以及相关知识,遵循心理学原则,通过心理咨询的技术与方法,帮助来访者提高自我认识,增强自助能力,解决心理问题,以促使来访者适应和发展的咨询过程。为了使这个过程真正地起到咨询和发挥来访者自身潜能的作用,咨询者和来访者之间必须建立一种相互理解、相互信赖、彼此坦诚相待的良好的帮助关系。而且,这种良好关系的建立至关重要,它有助于心理咨询达到预期的效果,甚至超出咨询的预期效果。要建立这样的一种关系,咨询者     

网络咨询,并不简单

通过网络进行心理咨询已成为不少人解决心理困惑的常用方式,如最常见的QQ聊天、发电子邮件等。只要你会上网,就能在网上与心理咨询师进行交流,得到点拨,不少人认为这是最为便捷、简单的咨询方式。青年是网络咨询的生力军,据统计,25岁以下的网络咨询者占总咨询人数的71.52%。不少中学生通过学校开设的网站与心理教师在线交流,解决成长中遇到的困惑。     

咨询第1、2例

心理咨询是一种在各类医疗单位开展精神卫生工作的新型门诊,深受广大群众的欢迎。本刊开辟这一专栏,目的是介绍一些在心理咨询中常见的心理问题与心理疾病,以具体咨询病例为实例,进行简要的分析,介绍一些具体的处理方法,以提高广大读者,特别是基层医务人员读者的心理咨询知识的科学水平。本专栏邀请国内有名的心理咨询方面专家、中国心理卫生协会理事、中山医学院精神病学教研室赵耕源教授主持。此外,本刊还开展通讯心理卫生咨询服务,凡有要求咨询者,来函请直接寄本刊编辑部咨询服务组,由本刊负责联系副教授,副主任医师以上专业人员答复,并酌收服务费。     

临床心理咨询中的性问题155例资料分析(摘要)

多年来,由于传统习俗的影响,许多有性问题的人常常忍受着自己的痛苦,不敢求治。在心理咨询逐渐开展的今天,性问题的咨询已成为一个不可忽略的重要方面。国内曾有报道,性心理问题占门诊咨询的6.4%。本文仅对近年来开展临床心理咨询工作中所见155例性咨询者资料进行初步分析。     

精神病院门诊心理咨询1000例分析(摘要)

现就我院开展门诊心理咨询以来,按1985年起咨询顺序1000例进行总结分析如下。咨询方法我院设有心理咨询室,接诊医生都是有20～30年临床经验又经过心理咨询骨干学习班学习的主治医以上的医生负责,咨询者都设有登记记录,允许用假名,但性别,年龄,婚否,文化程度,职     

Consultation and interprofessional collaboration: modeling for the future

Consultation and interprofessional collaboration by psychologists occur with individuals, groups, programs, and organizations. The practice of consultation and interprofessional collaboration involves interdisciplinary relationships, preparation, and advanced skill development within specialty areas of psychology (e.g., clinical, counseling, industrial-organizational, and school). The Workgroup on Consultation and Interdisciplinary Relationships engaged in a planning process at the Competencies Conference: Future Directions in Education and Credentialing in Professional Psychology to address fundamental issues regarding consultation and interprofessional collaboration in professional psychology. The Workgroup articulated working definitions, consensus points about psychologists as consultants and interprofessional collaborators, a consulting and interprofessional competency blueprint for preparation and assessment strategies, and future directions. This is one of a series of articles published in this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology. Several other articles that resulted from the Competencies Conference will appear in Professional Psychology: Research and Practice and The Counseling Psychologist.     

心理咨询师/治疗师与来访者对职业伦理的态度比较

目的:考察我国当前心理咨询或治疗师与来访者在心理咨询与治疗领域职业伦理上的态度和意识,以帮助专业人员更好地理解和解决职业伦理困境,并为制定我国在该领域的职业伦理规范提供参考。方法:采用自编心理咨询与治疗职业伦理意识和态度问卷对48名专业人员(咨询师/治疗师)和48名来访者进行调查,比较两组人群在职业伦理意识和态度上的差异,以及一些重要人口学变量的可能影响。结果:两组人群在自编问卷的12个条目评判上有显著差异,其中涉及咨询关系原则4条(如47.9%的来访者认为专业人员可以和来访者发展私人关系,专业人员持同样看法的为4.2%,P<0.01);保密性原则1条;职业责任原则2条;评估、测量和解释原则2条;督导、培训和教学原则2条,另有一条为询问被调查者是否听闻过有违伦理的行为,发现来访者知晓的违反伦理行为(35.4%)显著少于专业人员(97.9%)(P<0.001);专业人员群体在17个条目上评判一致,仅在涉及咨询关系原则的1条目有争议,即48.3%的专业人员认为在来访者和咨询师价值观冲突时应转介来访者,51.7%的专业人员认为不应转介;来访者群体则在11个条目上评判一致,有4个争议条目,其中涉及咨询关系原则的条目3条(即在咨询师可否和来访者发生私人关系,咨询可否给来访者带来伤害,咨询师可否接受来访者的礼物问题上持肯定或否定意见的来访者都在40%以上);职业责任原则的条目1条,即56.3%的来访者认为咨询师可以按照自己的喜好选择病人,46.7%的来访者则持反对意见。结论:专业人员总体上表现出较强的伦理意识和较为一致的伦理态度,而来访者的伦理态度更不一致,两组人群在保密原则和咨询关系方面的态度差异尤其明显。     

Experiences of volunteer telephone counselors: A comparison of a professionally oriented and a nonprofessionally oriented approach to their training

To compare the effects on counseling experience of two different training programs, three counseling reports from each member of two groups of volunteer telephone counselors were content analysed. As predicted, the counselors working in the agency using the nonprofessional approach proved to communicate more anxieties and depressive feelings and also positive feelings and feelings of competence than those working with the professional approach. They also appeared to be more aware of the social networks within which they were operating. The views of their callers which each group presented were also different, although the types of calls they received were not. The volunteer counselors in the nonprofessionally oriented program described their callers as less anxious and less helpless than did those in the professionally oriented program. These differences were related to the emphasis on informal selection procedures, gut-level spontaneity, and the peer relationships among “insiders” which appeared to characterize the nonprofessional approach. This was contrasted with the formalized selection procedures, standardized counseling techniques based on professional models, and asymmetrical relationships among “outsiders” which characterized the professional approach to volunteer counselors.     

校园同性恋个案咨询研究

目的通过对校园同性恋个案的成功咨询以进一步提高对同性恋的认识及咨询方法的掌握。方法对校园同性恋者采用心理支持、认知领悟,行为训练等心理学技术帮助患者改变其性指向障碍。结果经过心理咨询使这两例校园同性恋者走出了心理困境，取得了初步的成效。结论建立良好咨询关系，运用正确的心理咨询技巧和心理治疗手段是校园同性恋咨询取得成功的关键环节。     

The past,present and future of service delivery in genetic counseling: Keeping up in the era of precision medicine

Precision medicine aims to approach disease treatment and prevention with consideration of the variability in genes, environment, and lifestyle for each person. This focus on the individual is also key to the practice of genetic counseling, whereby foundational professional values prioritize informed and autonomous patient decisions regarding their genetic health. Genetic counselors are ideally suited to help realize the goals of the precision medicine. However, a limited genetic counseling workforce at a time in which there is a rapidly growing need for services is challenging the balance of supply and demand. This article provides historical context to better understand what has informed traditional models of genetic counseling and considers some of the current forces that require genetic counselors to adapt their practice. New service delivery models can improve access to genetic healthcare by overcoming geographical barriers, allowing genetic counselors to see a higher volume of patients and supporting other healthcare providers to better provide genetic services to meet the needs of their patients. Approaches to genetic counseling service delivery are considered with a forward focus to the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead for genetic counselors in this age of precision health.     

高校心理咨询员专业认同的初步研究

目的：了解高校心理咨询员专业认同的现状及其对心理咨询工作的影响。方法：焦点访谈小组包括8位心理咨询员．来自北京7所高校，以类属分析方法对访谈结果进行分析。结果：归纳出三部分内容：内部认同指咨询员对咨询工作及自身是否适合咨询工作的认识；外部认同指咨询员所理解的外部对咨询工作及对咨询员的认识，还包括咨询分支在心理学科的地位，咨询工作在高校工作中的地位；内部认同与外部认同相互关联，其中内部认同具有决定性作用。结论：新近参加工作的高校心理咨询员存在专业认同问题。     

团体辅导对朋辈辅导员人际交往和胜任能力的影响

目的:本研究以卡尔·罗杰斯人本主义理论为指导,根据团体辅导的阶段特征和发展需要设计以人际交往为核心团体辅导方案,探讨社会交往团体辅导对朋辈辅导员人际关系和胜任力的影响。方法:选取某校48名新任朋辈辅导员作为被试,分为实验组和对照组,对实验组进行为期3周,共5单元的团体辅导活动,对照组不作干预。研究采用李云霞编制的高校朋辈辅导员胜任力问卷、魏源改编的人际交往能力问卷和自编团体辅导效果反馈表作为评估工具,在辅导前、后两次对两组被试进行测试,然后采用SPSS 17.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:社会交往团体辅导对高校朋辈辅导员自我暴露(t=2.23,P0.05)、适当拒绝(t=2.47,P0.05)、冲突管理(t=2.70,P0.05)和人际交往能力(t=2.79,P0.05)有显著影响,对主动交往和情感支持(P0.05)的影响不显著。社会交往团体辅导对高校朋辈辅导员职业性格特质(t=2.36,P0.05),成就导向(t=2.05,P0.05),人际沟通与协调(t=4.30,P0.05),职业态度和品质(t=2.44,P0.05),知识储备(t=3.30,P0.05)和胜任力总分(t=33.91,P0.05)有显著影响,自我成长特质因子上没有显著影响。朋辈辅导员胜任力和朋辈辅导员人际交往能力呈显著正相关(r=0.684,P0.01)。结论:(1)社会交往团体辅导能够提高朋辈辅导员的人际交往能力;(2)社会交往团体辅导能够提高朋辈辅导员的胜任力;(3)朋辈辅导员的人际交往能力可以作为预测其胜任力的一个有效指标。     

Multicultural genetic counseling: then, now, and in the 21st century.

Scholars, educators, and practitioners have argued that racial-cultural issues are obstacles for those seeking genetic counseling. When available, cross-cultural genetic counseling has focused on simplistic knowledge of client health beliefs and cultural customs, professional cultures, and biased theoretical models as reasons for failure to create realistic knowledge of members of racial-cultural groups in the United States. Recognizing the importance of meeting the needs for all who seek genetic counseling services, genetic counselors have been providing direction in cross-cultural genetic counseling research, practice, training, and developing competency, ethical, and professional guidelines. However, emanating from a cultural pluralism perspective, cross-cultural genetic counseling has often resulted in homogenized group stereotypes without attention to intragroup variation and individual differences. A transition from cross-cultural towards multicultural genetics shifts from culture-specific group norms to an integrated social, historical, psychological, and political perspective. By valuing the process of personal and professional racial-cultural identity development, the evolution from cross-cultural to multicultural genetic counseling that has occurred within the past quarter century is discussed.     

Genetic counseling: Growth of the profession and the professional

Growth of the profession of genetic counseling has gone hand-in-hand with professional development of individual genetic counselors. Genetic counseling has achieved most of the typical early milestones in the development of a profession. The profession is maturing at a time when the number of practitioners is predicted to vastly expand. The last two decades have seen a proliferation of genetic counselor roles and practice areas, and a distinct professional identity. It is likely that the next two decades will see an increase in educational paths, practice areas, and possibilities for professional advancement. How this maturation proceeds will be impacted by overall trends in healthcare, decisions made by international genetic counseling organizations, and thousands of individual decisions about career trajectories.     

南通地区遗传咨询患儿细胞遗传学分析与临床研究

目的研究遗传咨询患儿中染色体异常核型的发生率。方法本文自2000年1月至2008年2月对174例年龄在14周岁以内的遗传咨询患儿做了外周血淋巴细胞染色体核型分析,通过胰酶消化,G显带,必要时进行C显带检查,显微镜下进行核型分析。结果在因智力低下、性分化异常、身材矮小等前来行遗传咨询的174例患儿中,共检出异常核型61例,异常率35．06％。常染色体结构和数目异常49例,占异常核型的80．33％（49／61）,性染色体结构和数目异常12例,占19．67％（12／61）。男患儿114例,检出异常核型30例,异常率26．32％（30／114）;女患儿60例,异常核型31例,异常率51．67％（31／60）。结论异常染色体是导致智力低下、性发育异常、身材矮小等疾病的重要原因之一,对指导临床诊疗具有重要参考意义,因此染色体检查是十分必要的。