鼻种植相关的切牙管三维重建的影像学研究

目的:明确切牙管区的解剖结构,为鼻缺失后种植体支持的赝复体修复提供依据,以明确种植钉植入部位及方向。方法:对60例正常咬合人群的上颌骨进行64排螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,观察切牙管开口的形状及周围骨质形态,并在中切牙之间的矢状位截面上测量切牙管的长度、鼻腔和口腔开口的纵径、与鼻底平面所成角度及与牙槽骨前壁的距离。结果:研究得出了切牙管口腔开口的形态、平均长度、口腔和鼻腔开口的矢状径、切牙管口腔开口和鼻腔开口距牙槽骨前壁的距离、切牙管前壁与鼻底平面的交角∠α、上前牙牙槽突与鼻底平面的交角∠β。结论:切牙管与牙槽骨前壁之间可植入直径5mm以内的种植体1枚,方向由后上方向前下方,与鼻底所成的角度介于∠α与∠β之间;双侧中切牙之间水平向可植入长度<5mm的种植体1枚。     

鼻种植相关的切牙管三维重建的影像学研究

目的:明确切牙管区的解剖结构,为鼻缺失后种植体支持的赝复体修复提供依据,以明确种植体植入部位及方向.方法:对60例正常咬合人群的上颌骨进行64排螺旋CT扫描和三维重建,观察切矛管开口的形状及周围骨质形态,并在中切牙之间的矢状位截面上测量切牙管的长度、鼻腔和口腔开口的纵径、与鼻底平面所成角度及与牙槽骨前壁的距离.结果:研究得出了切牙管的口腔开口的形态、平均长度、口腔和鼻腔开口的矢状径、切牙管口腔开口和鼻腔开口距牙槽骨前壁的距离、切牙管前壁与鼻底平面的交角∠α,上前牙牙槽突与鼻底平面的交角∠β.讨论:实验得到的数据旨在方便鼻缺失种植术前的骨质与骨量的测量分析、种植手术的设计,同时提供可靠的与鼻种植相关的切牙管解剖数据.结论:切牙管与牙槽骨前壁之间可植入直径5mm以内的种植体一枚,方向由后上方向前下方,与鼻底所成的角度介于∠α与∠β之间;双侧中切牙之间水平向可植入长度小于5mm的种植体一枚.     

正常人外鼻缺损种植区域三维测量

目的:为外鼻缺损的种植体植入提供影像解剖学资料.方法:使用mimics10.01软件对100 例正常人(男性50 例,女性50 例)头颅螺旋CT三维重建影像进行测量.结果:(1)中切牙根尖至前鼻底最小距离均值为13.03 mm(男),11.06 mm(女),侧切牙根尖至前鼻底最小距离均值为15.95 mm(男),13.04 mm(女);(2)侧切牙区上颌骨腭突最小厚度均值为9.96 mm;(3)中切牙区牙槽突上方最小骨厚度均值为11.12 mm,侧切牙区牙槽突上方最小骨厚度均值为11.24 mm;(4)眉间点位于窦腔部位时骨厚度均值为3.57 mm.结论:前鼻底侧切牙区域为较佳种植区,常规可纵向植入2 枚长度4～8 mm种植体,种植方向可根据需要选择向前倾斜或者向后倾斜;当纵向骨量不足时,可选择于侧切牙区域横向植入2 枚长度4～8 mm的种植体;眉间点作为种植体植入部位应慎重.     

微种植体支抗压低上前牙治疗露龈笑

目的探讨应用微种植体支抗治疗上前牙槽骨垂直向发育过度的露龈笑患者,改善牙龈显露的程度。方法选取16例因上前牙槽骨垂直向发育过度导致露龈笑的患者,在侧切牙与尖牙间植入微种植体支抗,施加100g力压低上前牙。治疗前后分别收集头颅定位侧位片、上前牙的根尖片、牙模型、微笑时面下1/3照片及上前牙的龈沟深度;对实验结果进行统计分析。结果压低时间为(6.7±1.2)个月。(1)牙龈显露减少(2.3±0.5)mm;(2)头影测量分析显示,上中切牙阻力中心点压低(2.6±0.3)mm,覆减少(2.8±0.6)mm,切缘与腭平面的距离减少(3.1±0.7)mm,鼻唇角增加(5.4±2.9)°,P<0.05;(3)压低结束时,上前牙的临床牙冠变短,未见明显牙根吸收。结论应用微种植体支抗可以有效地压低上前牙,改善露龈笑,但牙龈的改建速度比牙齿的压低速度慢。     

与种植体植入相关的前鼻底区骨性结构的解剖

目的 测量前鼻底区骨性结构,为前鼻底区种植体的植入提供参考依据。方法 以游标卡尺等对73例上颌骨标本进行实体定量测量。结果 (1)在前鼻底侧切牙区域,距前鼻底前缘下方6mm处牙槽突最小骨厚度均值为:8.79mm(男),7.26mm(女);(2)侧切牙根尖至前鼻底(前缘后方2～6mm区域)最小距离均值为:10.98mm(男),9.69mm(女)(3)尖牙根尖与前鼻底(前缘后方2～6mm区域)最小距离均值为:8.12mm(男),6.21mm(女)。结论 前鼻底侧切牙区域为较佳种植区,适宜植入直径为3.6～4.0mm,长度为4～9mm(男)和4～7mm(女)的种植体;在侧切牙根尖距前鼻底过近时,可在梨状孔侧下方斜向植入长度为4～6mm(男)和4mm(女)的种植体;除常规纵向种植外,在某些情况下,当前牙根尖距离鼻底过近时,尚可考虑于梨状孔边缘下外方行横向种植;在前鼻底区,男女骨量差别显著,男性优于女性,在临床工作中应区别对待。     

切牙管,切牙根及鼻底平面三者关系的X线测量研究

为给正颌外科和种植义齿提供参考依据，作者应用Ｘ线片观测了２９例成人上颌前部的主要解剖结构。观测了切牙管、中切牙根及鼻底平面三者准确的位置关系。结果切牙管前壁至牙槽前壁的平均距离为７．８０±１．４３ｍｍ，切牙管前壁至中切牙长轴的平均距离为４．１５±１．４８ｍｍ，中切牙牙槽窝底至鼻底平面的距离为１２．６２±２．４７ｍｍ，切牙管的平均长度为１５．０４±２．２０ｍｍ，中切牙长轴与鼻底平面相交角为１０４．９±１０．５４°     

腭部种植体支抗稳定性的临床研究

目的评价腭部种植体支抗系统在临床固定矫治技术正畸治疗中的稳定性。方法将直径5.0mm、长6mm的种植体植入19例错畸形患者上颌前磨牙区腭中缝的硬腭,愈合期4周,以横腭杆连接上颌双侧磨牙和种植体作为强支抗,配合MBT矫治技术常规减数正畸治疗。对种植体植入时和支抗作用完成种植体取出前的头影测量指标进行配对比较。结果本组腭部种植体支抗成功率为84.3%,16颗种植体在口内行使功能的时间10～36个月,平均为(23.08±8.06)个月。种植体植入到种植体取出,IL-X轴分别为(62.88±5.85)mm和(62.45±6.70)mm,IL-Y轴为(36.66±5.41)mm和(37.96±4.90)mm,IAP-PP为(73.81±8.84)°和(74.72±9.22)°,IAP-Y轴为(62.09±9.33)°和(63.85±10.96)°,U6-Y轴为(20.80±5.87)mm和(21.49±6.00)mm,经配对t检验,差异均无统计学意义。结论腭部种植体支抗种植系统承载临床正畸力能保持稳定,从而起到增强磨牙支抗作用。     

正颌正畸联合治疗上前牙及上牙槽骨严重前突的疗效评价

目的:观察正颌正畸联合治疗上前牙及上牙槽骨严重前突的疗效及稳定性.方法:选择双颌前突成年患者28例,其中男10例,女18例,年龄18～35岁.术前正畸完成后,Le Fort Ⅰ型截骨术联合上颌骨前段截骨术将上牙槽骨-上前牙整体怪直并后退,术后正畸调整咬合关系.拍摄治疗前、术前正畸完成、术后1个月、术后3个月及治疗后5个月时间点头颅定位侧位片,进行头影测量分析.测量数据采用SPSS12.0软件包进行配对t检验.结果:治疗后,上中切牙长轴与前颅底平面的交角减小(11.77±9.9)°(P＜0.001),上牙槽骨长轴与前颅底平面的交角减小(6.24±3.9)°(P＜0.001),上下中切牙长轴交角增大(19.4±8.6)°(P＜0.001),上中切牙突度减小(6.62±2.2)mm(P＜0.001),露齿减少(3.82±3.6)mm(P＜0.001).上切牙唇侧牙槽骨厚度变化不大(P＞0.05).软组织表现为鼻唇角增大,上、下唇后移及颏前点前移.术后各阶段测量指标无明显变化,手术效果稳定.结论:正颌正畸联合治疗可有效改正上前牙及上牙槽骨严重前突、改善露龈,维持牙根唇侧有足够的牙槽骨厚度,治疗效果稳定.     

一段式螺旋形种植牙的骨应力分析

目的 :明确一段式单桩螺旋形种植牙的骨组织形态、硬度与应力的关系 ,指导种植体的设计与运用。方法 :模型为皮质骨厚度 1～ 2mm ,种植体与牙槽骨直接相接触。种植体根长 10、12、13、14mm ,直径为 3.6、3.7、3.8、3.9、4.0mm的圆柱形 ,冠高为 4mm和 9mm。加载方式为垂直、45°斜向 45°偏心斜向。力量为 2 0 0N。牙槽骨形态 :用CT垂直于牙合平面取自一无附着丧失、正常牙合形的青年男性下颌第一磨牙、上颌切牙。结果 :骨组织的应力主要发生在皮—松质骨交界区和有最大应力的部位 ,松质骨是应力主要承受区。前、后牙牙槽骨的厚度、形态可影响骨组织的应力大小和分布。结论 :在 4种工况条件下与种植体接触的皮—松质骨交界区始终是骨组织最大应力的部位。种植体周的骨弹性模量越高 ,皮质骨的应力也升高。提高种植体弹性模量可以降低皮质骨和松质骨承变的应力。     

应用自攻型种植体支抗治疗成年上牙弓前突的临床初探

目的 应用自攻型种植体支抗治疗成年上牙弓前突,评价种植体支抗的疗效.方法 选取严重上牙弓前突成年患者8例,其中男性3例,女性5例,年龄18～31岁.在上颌第二前磨牙与第一磨牙间植入种植体,以两步法内收上前牙,通过X线头影测量方法观察种植体、磨牙、尖牙及切牙在矢状和垂直方向上的位置变化;配对t检验比较治疗前后的差异.结果 治疗后种植体头部、体部及尾部的矢状向位移分别为(0.42±0.50)mm、(0.18 ±0.35)mm、(-0.15 ± 0.47)mm,垂直向位移分别(0.12±0.21)mm、(0.24 ±0.36)mm、(0.26 ± 0.48)mm;上颌第一磨牙矢状向位移为(0.70±2.45)mm,轴倾度增大(2.06±1.70).治疗前后比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).治疗后上颌切牙切端平均水平内收6.86 mm,切牙牙轴平均减少18.03°,切牙阻抗中心平均压人3.28 mm,尖牙平均远移6.83 mm,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论 种植体支抗可实现理想的支抗控制效果.     

柠檬精油对牙周致病菌抑制作用及其安全性初步研究

目的:探讨柠檬精油对牙周致病菌的体外抗菌活性及对细胞增殖的影响。方法:采用微量液体稀释法测定柠檬精油对Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的最小抑菌浓度(minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC)及最小杀菌浓度(minimum bactericidal concentration,MBC);以较低浓度的MIC为标准稀释LEO作为实验组,采用MTT法测定柠檬精油对HUVECs的毒性作用,明确抑菌浓度下LEO的安全性。结果:柠檬精油对牙周主要致病菌均有抑菌作用,Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi的MIC分别是9.0 g/L、4.5 g/L、4.5 g/L、9.0 g/L,Aa、Fn的 MBC是9.0 g/L,Pg、Pi的MBC未测得。1/2MIC、1/20MIC浓度的LEO能够抑制人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长,而低于1/200MIC浓度的LEO则对人脐静脉内皮细胞的生长没有影响,其中1/200MIC浓度的LEO作用明显优于0.02%的CHX。结论:体外环境中,柠檬精油对牙周致病菌Pg、Fn、Aa、Pi具有抗菌活性,低浓度应用对机体相对安全。     

Oral cancer: molecular technologies for risk assessment and diagnosis

Purpose: The effective biomarkers related to diagnosis, metastasis, drug resistance and irradiation sensitivity of oral cancers will help the pathologist and oncologist to determine the molecular taxonomy diagnosis and design the individualization treatment for the patients with oral cancers.     

Computer-assisted planning for maxillofacial prosthodontic rehabilitation

Computerized tomography (CT) planning and the use of CT derived surgical templates for implant placement have shown promise for restoring function within months after surgical reconstruction of acquired post-oncologic defects.     

Stimulated whole saliva components in children with Down syndrome

The authors report on the components of stimulated whole saliva from children with Down syndrome—including pH, flow rate, sialic acid and protein concentrations, and amylase and peroxidase activity. Saliva samples were collected from 35 children aged 6–10 years. Of the participants, 17 had Down syndrome and 18 did not. To stimulate saliva production, the children chewed a piece of parafilm for 10 minutes before the sample was collected. Soon after collecting the saliva sample, the authors measured pH using a portable pH-meter. Sialic acid levels were determined with a thiobarbituric acid assay. Protein content was determined with Folin's phenol reagent. Amylase was assayed and the authors measured the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase using ortho-dianisidine.
No statistically significant difference was observed in levels of sialic acid (free and total) between the two groups. Protein concentration was about 36% higher in the group with Down syndrome. However, the salivary flow rate, pH, and amylase and peroxidase activities were lower among the children with Down syndrome.     

Effect of Pingyangmycin on human venous malformation endothelial cells

Purpose: Venous malformations are common vascular anomalies with a propensity of the head and neck. Intralesional injection of Pingyangmycin (PYM, bleomycin A5 hydrochloride) is a widely used sclerotherapy method for the treatment of venous malformation.     

牙髓再生的研究现状

目前,根管治疗术在临床上已得到了广泛的应用并成功的保存了患牙,但其仍有许多术后并发症。随着组织工程技术在口腔领域的应用,构建一种组织工程化牙髓进行牙髓-牙本质复合体的再生治疗成为可能。近年来国内外已有很多关于牙髓再生的研究,并且已经取得了一定成果。本文将对目前国内外牙髓再生的研究进展现状作一综述。     

Oropharyngeal dysphagia in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis alters quality of life

Dysphagia is one of the most important complications encountered in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our aim was to determine whether oropharyngeal dysphagia impacted the quality of life (QoL) of patients with ALS. Thirty consecutive patients were recruited (31–82 years, 18 men). Swallowing function was evaluated using a standardised videofluoroscopic barium swallow. All the patients completed a specific questionnaire on quality of life in dysphagia (SWAL‐QoL) immediately after the videofluoroscopy. The results of dysphagia outcome severity scale separated 14 patients with oropharyngeal dysphagia and 16 with normal swallowing function. There was no difference in the average age, weight and body mass index of the two groups (dysphagic patients: 68 ± 11 kg versus non‐dysphagic patients: 69 ± 14 kg). Most of the dysphagic patients had a bulbar affection based on their Norris scores which determine the importance of cranial nerves illness (20 ± 8), significantly lower than those of the non‐dysphagic patients (35 ± 5) (P < 0·0001). There was no difference in the neurological peripheral symptoms evaluated by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale scores (dysphagic patients: 26 ± 7 versus non‐dysphagic patients: 27 ± 8) (ns). The swallowing quality of life questionnaire revealed that the dysphagic patients had significant burden (P < 0·001). They were affected by the necessity to applied a food selection (P < 0·01), by the increase in eating duration (P < 0·05) and described a decrease in eating desire (P < 0·05). They complained of fear regarding the risk of dysphagia (P < 0·05). They also described difficulties with oral communication (P < 0·001). All of those complained about dysphagia which impacted directly mental health (P < 0·05) and social life (P < 0·05). In conclusion, oropharyngeal dysphagia is a common symptom accompanying ALS, which alters the patient's QoL, especially social health.     

拔牙位点保存用复合温敏凝胶的构建及体外表征

目的:制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石/壳聚糖复合温敏凝胶,探讨其作为拔牙位点保存材料的理化性能。方法:采用原位沉积方法制备多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(MWNT/ HA简称HAC)复合无机材料,将其分散至壳聚糖温敏凝胶中,制备壳聚糖/多壁碳纳米管/羟基磷灰石(CS /MWNT/HA简称CS/HAC)复合温敏凝胶,以成胶时间、孔径、孔隙率、机械强度及降解性能为指标优化配方设计,并表征复合温敏凝胶的微观形貌及理化性能。结果:以10 g/L的HAC作为补强成分加入到壳聚糖溶液中,能够在不影响成胶并保证一定孔隙率(84%)的前提下,提高材料的机械性能(抗压强度0.441 MPa),所获复合温敏凝胶具有适宜的临床操作时间(12 min),并具有可控的降解速率。结论:负载HAC的复合温敏凝胶具有良好的成型性,并具有较好的机械性能,在拔牙位点保存领域具有良好的应用前景。     

Interventional neuroradiologic procedures in the head and neck

Interventional radiology and interventional neuroradiology are evolving specialties which can aid the head and neck surgeons in the clinical management of patients with complex vascular lesions.