丘脑底核脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病抑郁障碍的初步临床研究

目的研究丘脑底核(STN)脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗帕金森病(PD)抑郁障碍的短期疗效。方法对15例合并抑郁障碍的帕金森病患者丘脑底核进行电极植入,术后3个月进行PD分级量表(UPDRS)运动评分和汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD17)评分,与术前1个月的评价对照。结果术后15例运动功能症状如肢体僵硬、震颤、运动迟缓和姿势平衡障碍改善良好,停药后UPDRS运动评分下降显著(P<0.01)。术后HAMD17总分下降显著(P<0.01),抑郁障碍改善显进2例(HAMD17减分率≥50%),进步7例(HAMD17减分率≥25%)。术后焦虑/躯体化、阻滞、睡眠障碍和体重因子分均显著低于术前(P<0.01),认知障碍因子分与术前无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论STNDBS可明显改善帕金森病抑郁障碍症状,对焦虑/躯体化和阻滞等症状尤其显著。     

丘脑底核脑深部电刺激对帕金森病抑郁障碍的影响

目的探讨丘脑底核脑深部电刺激对帕金森病病人抑郁障碍的疗效及其机制。方法回顾性分析21例帕金森病合并抑郁障碍病人的临床资料,均行丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术,术前及术后3、6个月分别应用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分和统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)运动评分对抑郁障碍和运动功能进行临床评价并分析其相关性。结果术后UPDRS运动评分和HAMD评分均显著下降(均P0.05),但是抑郁症状的改善与运动功能的改善并没有明显的相关性(P0.05)。结论丘脑底核脑深部电刺激能够明显改善帕金森病病人的抑郁症状,其机制可能与丘脑底核受到刺激影响脑内神经递质的变化有关,术后运动功能的改善不是抑郁症状改善的主要原因。     

丘脑底核电刺激治疗帕金森病

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激（DBS）对原发帕金森病（PD）的治疗作用及手术方法。方法 应用微电极导向技术和手术计划系统进行靶点定位，对20例PD病人的丘脑底核（STN）进行电极植入，术后至少6个月的评价和随访。结果 15例单侧和5例双侧STN的DBS术后病人肢体僵直、震颤和运动迟缓等症状改善明显，术前术后UPDRS运动评分和日常生活能力评分均有显著下降（P＜0.01），服药量也有不同程度的减少，无严重及永久并发症。结论 STN的DBS手术治疗PD，对症状改善非常全面，可通过参数调整达到最佳治疗效果。服药量明显减少，是一种安全、有效的治疗方法。     

DBS对帕金森病病人精神症状及认知功能的影响

目的 探讨丘脑底核（STN）-深部脑刺激术（DBS）对帕金森病（PD）病人精神症状及认知功能的影响。方法 回顾性分析2016年1月至2019年1月STN-DBS治疗的65例PD的临床资料。术前、术后1年,采用第三版统一帕金森病评分量表（UPDRS-Ⅲ）评估PD开关期运动症状;采用H-Y分期评估病情严重度;采用日常生活能力量表（ADL）评估日常生活能力;采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评估焦虑情况;采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评估抑郁情况;采用帕金森睡眠量表（PDSS）评估睡眠障碍情况;采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）和简易智力状态检查量表（MMSE）评估认知功能;采用帕金森患者生活质量问卷（PDQ39）测评生活质量。结果 术后1年,UPDRS-Ⅲ评分、H-Y分期、ADL评分、HAMA评分、HAMD评分、PDQ39评分、MoCA评分及MMSE评分均明显改善（P<0.05）。结论 STN-DBS能够显著改善PD病人运动症状、精神症状、认知功能及生活质量。     

帕金森病脑深部刺激治疗对认知和抑郁状态影响的队列研究

目的探讨帕金森病(PD)丘脑底核(STN)脑深部刺激治疗(DBS)对认知和抑郁状态的影响。方法连续的27例PD患者接受丘脑底核脑深部刺激治疗(STN-DBS)手术治疗,术前1周及术后6个月对认知和抑郁状态进行评估。结果术后6个月认知功能与术前认知、运动症状改善程度正相关。术后抑郁评分的改善程度与术前抑郁评分和运动症状改善程度正相关。结论在严格筛选手术适应证的前提下,STN-DBS可能对部分患者的认知功能有改善作用,并且不加重抑郁状态。     

脑深部电刺激双侧丘脑底核对帕金森病"冻结足"的治疗作用

目的 探讨脑深部电刺激(DBS)双侧丘脑底核(STN)治疗帕金森病(PD)的冻结足(FOG)的临床效果.方法 对13例合并有冻结足的PD患者行双侧丘脑底核脑深部电刺激术,至少随访12个月.采用UPDRS运动评分(UPDRSⅢ)、UPDRS日常生活能力评分(UPDRSⅡ)及UPDRSⅡ中的第14项"Freezing"项目的评分(FOG),分别对患者进行术前1周、术后6个月、12个月在药物治疗"开、关"期的基础评分及随访期间刺激器开启时的评分,尤其是"Freezing"项目得分多少及变化.进行统计学分析.结果 术后13例PD患者运动功能症状改善良好,UPDRSⅢ、UPDRSⅡ评分下降显著(P＜0.01).在手术后的6、12个月,刺激器开启时患者"关"期的冻结足评分明显下降(P＜0.01),而"开"期的冻结足没有改善(P＞0.05).结论 STN-DBS能显著改善PD患者"关"期的冻结足,而对"开"期的冻结足没有显著影响.     

脑深部电刺激治疗帕金森病非运动症状的疗效分析

目的探讨脑深部电刺激术（DBS）对帕金森病（PD）非运动症状（NMS）的治疗作用。方法对102例PD病人进行DBS手术，术前及术后1个月进行NMS量表评估。结果PD病人术前出现NMS 3-18项，平均7．1项。NMS评分与病人的Hoehn-Yahr分级明显相关（相关系数r=0．49，P〈0．01）。术后1个月频数明显下降的NMS是：疼痛、感觉异常、失眠、多梦，其他NMS频数手术前后无明显差异。结论PD病人均具有NMS，出现在PD病程的各个时期。随着疾病的进展,PD病人平均NMS评分明显提高。DBS手术短期内可以改善NMS中的疼痛、感觉异常、失眠、多梦等症状，长期疗效尚待观察。     

脑深部电刺激对帕金森病患者伴发的抑郁的临床效果

目的探讨脑深部电刺激(Deep Brain Stimulation,DBS)对帕金森病患者伴发的抑郁的临床效果。方法收集我院2014年2月~2016年12月期间收治的300例伴有抑郁的帕金森病(Parkinson’s disease,PD)患者,接受丘脑底核(subthalamic nucleus,STN)DBS(STN-DBS)治疗,术后对患者随访观察6个月。结果患者均成功完成STN-DBS治疗和随访,术后3个月、6个月HAMD评分、UPDRS-III总分较术前有显著降低,术后6个月HAMD评分、UPDRS-III总分低于术后3个月,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗及随访期间,无明显不良反应。结论脑深部电刺激有助于改善PD患者抑郁症状,且安全性好。     

脑深部电刺激猴帕金森病模型的建立

目的通过猴偏侧帕金森病（Parkinson disease,PD）模型丘脑底核（subthalamic nucleus,STN）脑深部电刺激（deep brain stimulation,DBS）系统的植入,对脑深部电刺激动物模型的制备进行了探讨.方法2只猴偏侧PD模型,按照猴脑立体定向图谱,在右侧STN植入脑深部刺激电极,并同期皮下植入脉冲发生器.术后行头颅X线平片和MRI检查,给予慢性高频电刺激,观察运动症状改善.结果2只偏侧猴PD模型成功的同期植入DBS系统,术后的症状观察和阿朴吗啡（apomorphine,APO）诱发旋转实验,证实STN慢性高频电刺激有效地缓解了猴PD样症状.结论通过立体定向技术同期将DBS系统植入动物体内,可以有效的建立DBS动物模型,为DBS在神经疾病的应用研究提供了良好的实验模型.     

立体定向下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症

目的探讨MRI定位下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症的疗效。方法应用MRI定位下射频热凝核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症49例，其中30例行双侧内囊前肢毁损术，13例行双侧扣带回加双侧内囊前肢毁损术,6例行右侧伏隔核脑深部电刺激术加对侧内囊前肢毁损术。手术前后应用YALE-BROWN强迫症状量表、汉密尔顿抑郁量表、汉密尔顿焦虑量表对手术效果进行评价。结果术后6个月均获随访，其中临床痊愈28例，显著改善9例，轻度改善7例，无明显变化5例。22例术后早期出现一过性并发症，均在术后2周内恢复。术后焦虑，强迫，抑郁症状量表分数均明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论MRI定位下核团毁损术及脑深部电刺激术治疗难治性强迫症有显著疗效，并发症较轻，可以显著改善病人强迫、焦虑、抑郁症状。     

微电极导向核团毁损术和脑深部电刺激术治疗帕金森病的疗效分析

目的 观察微电极导向核团毁损术和脑深部电刺激术（DBS）治疗帕金森病的临床疗效。方法 对380例接受微电极导向立体定向核团毁损术和25例脑深部电刺激丘脑底核（STN—DBS）治疗的帕金森病患者进行随访和神经功能评估，分别获得术前、术后和DBS开启后1周、6个月、2年及5年的不同服药状态下统一帕金森病量表（UPDRS）评分资料，采用威尔科克森检验（Wilcoxontest），比较不同术后时间点UPDRS运动评分与术前评分的差异。结果 核团毁损术和DBS在术后1周、6个月及2年随访中均能明显改善术前帕金森病患者的UPDRS运动评分，减轻左旋多巴诱发的运动波动及异动症。在5年随访时间点上仅DBS治疗组较术前比较仍显示差异性。而且DBS组患者术后左旋多巴服药的剂量较术前减少。核团毁损组总体并发症的发生率为5．8％，永久性并发症的发生率为1．2％。DBS组未发生严重并发症。结论 核团毁损术和DBS两者被证实是中晚期帕金森病安全、有效的治疗方法，能显著改善术前帕金森病患者的UPDRS运动评分，减轻左旋多巴诱发的运动波动及异动症。STN—DBS较毁损术更具有独特的可控性、安全性和长效性。     

Levodopa withdrawal after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in advanced Parkinson disease

CONTEXT: Subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation may be effective in ameliorating parkinsonian symptoms even to the extent to permit levodopa withdrawal. OBJECTIVES: To analyze the efficacy of STN stimulation in patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and to determine if levodopa may be withdrawn after surgery. DESIGN: Before-after trial. SETTING: Referral center, hospitalized care. PATIENTS: Fifteen patients with advanced PD. INTERVENTIONS: Microelectrode-guided bilateral STN high-frequency stimulation. OUTCOME MEASURES: Before surgery patients were evaluated in off-medication and on-medication conditions. Dopaminergic drug dosages were reduced after surgery, aiming for complete withdrawal. Six months after surgery, patients were reeavaluated in off- and on-medication conditions, with the stimulation turned on and off. RESULTS: Total Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score in the off-medication condition improved by 65.9%; and axial symptoms, bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor improved by 65.8%, 60.4%, 66.1%, and 81.1%, respectively. UPDRS part II scores were reduced by 71.8% and Schwab and England scores improved by 45.3%. Levodopa was withdrawn in 8 patients and the overall levodopa dose was reduced 80.4%. "Off" time was reduced 89.7% and the severity of dyskinesias decreased 80.6% after surgery. All results reached significance (P<.001). Stimulation of the STN achieved antiparkinsonian effect similar to that of treatment with levodopa. No life-threatening adverse effects occurred. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral STN stimulation safely improves all parkinsonian symptoms, decreases or eliminates the need for levodopa, and ameliorates motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. Complete withdrawal of levodopa is feasible with this technique and the overall motor effect of STN stimulation is quantitatively comparable to that obtained with levodopa.     

Staged unilateral versus bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulator implantation in Parkinson disease.

In 17 consecutive patients with Parkinson disease (PD), bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulators were implanted during staged surgeries. The Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) and the Dyskinesia Disability Scale were completed both off and on medication prior to any surgery and also OFF and ON stimulation after each surgery. On-medication UPDRS activities of daily living (ADL) and motor examination scores changed little with unilateral or bilateral stimulation. Off-medication UPDRS motor examination scores improved to similar degrees after each staged STN electrode implantation. Most of the improvements in off-medication ADL scores, dyskinesia scores, complications of therapy, and medication dose reduction occurred after unilateral STN stimulation with smaller improvements after the second operation.     

Change in fatigue after bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease

BackgroundBilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) deep brain stimulation (DBS) improves motor function in patients with medically intractable Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the effects of STN DBS on fatigue are unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of STN DBS on fatigue scores in patients with PD.MethodsTwenty PD patients underwent bilateral STN DBS surgery at our institution from 2007 to 2009. Only data from the 17 patients who completed the Parkinson Fatigue Scale (PFS) and Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) before and approximately 6 months after surgery were analyzed. Other evaluations included the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS).ResultsWhen the cohort was analyzed as a whole, there was no significant change in the mean or binary PFS score from baseline to the 6 month evaluation. However, the fatigue response of individual subjects was variable. Six of 12 subjects with fatigue before surgery were not fatigued post-operatively, while 3/5 subjects without fatigue before surgery became fatigued after DBS surgery. Fatigue in 8 subjects remained unchanged. Change in fatigue scores correlated significantly with change in the motor UPDRS, GDS and AES. Improvement in PFS also correlated with a higher PFS baseline score and higher baseline UPDRS motor off score.ConclusionsChanges in fatigue severity were not observed in our cohort as a whole, but there were changes in fatigue on an individual level. These changes appear to be related to the effects of STN DBS on motor improvement and mood.     

双侧丘脑底核电刺激对帕金森病患者生活质量影响的研究

目的对给予丘脑底核(STN)电刺激治疗的帕金森病(PD)患者进行生活质量评估,以评价治疗的有效性及不同因素对生活质量的影响。方法41例接受双侧STN深部电刺激(DBS)治疗的PD患者分别于术前及术后12个月应用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn和Yahr分期、Schwab和England日常生活活动量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表(HADS)评价其临床情况;帕金森病生活质量问卷(PDQ-39)评价生活质量,并对统计结果进行配对t检验和Spearman相关性检验。结果UPDRS评分中日常生活活动、运动检查、并发症均有明显改善(P<0.001),而精神、行为和情绪无明显改善。HADS量表结果显示患者的焦虑及抑郁评分均有明显改善(P<0.001)。PDQ-39评分中运动、日常生活活动、情绪状态、身体不适、总评分等项均有明显改善(P<0.001),羞耻感也有改善(P<0.05)。相关性检验的结果提示与PDQ-39总评分变化程度成相关性的因素依次为:UPDRS运动检查“关”期(P<0.001), Schwab和England日常生活活动量表“关”期(P<0.001),UPDRS日常生活活动“关”期(P<0.01),HADS-抑郁(P< 0.05)。结论脑深部电刺激能明显改善PD患者的生活质量。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病2年随访

目的随访观察重复经颅磁刺激(r TMS)治疗帕金森病(PD)患者的疗效。方法应用统一PD评分量表第Ⅲ部分(UPDRSⅢ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分级、PD非运动症状(NMS)筛查问卷(NMSQ)、PD睡眠量表(PDSS)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)和简易智能量表(MMSE)对37例应用药物和r TMS治疗的PD患者(r TMS+药物组)及45例单纯药物治疗的PD患者(药物组)在基线和2年随访末的运动症状(MS)和非运动症状(NMS)进行评估,对比分析两组患者病情进展。结果 r TMS+药物组2年随访末H-Y分级较基线显著升高(P 0.05);药物组2年随访末UPDRSⅢ、H-Y分级、HAMD、HAMA评分及左旋多巴等效剂量(LED)较基线均显著升高(P 0.05);对两组2年随访末的症状进行比较,药物组的UPDRSⅢ、H-Y分级、HAMD评分及LED较r TMS+药物组升高显著(P 0.05)。结论规律的r TMS辅助常规抗PD药物治疗可减缓PD进展,优于单纯抗PD药物治疗。     

Long-term effects of bilateral deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on depression in patients with Parkinson's disease

ObjectiveTo study the long-term effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) on depression in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and to discuss the mechanism.MethodsA STN–DBS group (n = 27) and anti-Parkinson's medication control group with paired designing were set up. The evaluation of the depression and motor function was performed a total of six times. Depression was evaluated by the Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Motor function was evaluated by the third part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS-III).ResultsCompared with the preoperative and the medication control group, the UPDRS-III scores of the STN–DBS group decreased remarkably within 18 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.001), and the SDS scores decreased notably within 6 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05), and the HAMD scores decreased notably within 3 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05). The UPDRS-III scores were strongly correlated with their SDS scores within 6 months postoperatively (P ≤ 0.05), especially at 5 weeks postoperation (P ≤ 0.001). UPDRS-III scores were also strongly correlated with HAMD scores at 5 weeks postoperation (P ≤ 0.05). The mean value of the bilateral voltages was obviously correlated with SDS and HAMD scores (P ≤ 0.05) within 18 months postoperatively.ConclusionThe improvement in motor symptoms resulting from STN–DBS can improve depression in PD patients, but its long-term effects were unremarkable. Within the treatment range, the higher the mean value of bilateral voltages then the more severe was the depression in PD patients.     

Stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: a 5 year follow up

BACKGROUND: The short term benefits of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in patients with advanced levodopa responsive Parkinson's disease (PD) are well documented, but long term benefits are still uncertain. OBJECTIVES: This study provides a 5 year follow up of PD patients treated with stimulation of the STN. METHODS: Thirty seven consecutive patients with PD treated with bilateral STN stimulation were assessed prospectively 6, 24, and 60 months after neurosurgery. Parkinsonian motor disability was evaluated with and without levodopa treatment, with and without bilateral STN stimulation. Neuropsychological and mood assessments included the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale, the frontal score, and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). RESULTS: No severe peri- or immediate postoperative side effects were observed. Six patients died and one was lost to follow up. Five years after neurosurgery: (i) activity of daily living (Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II) was improved by stimulation of the STN by 40% ("off" drug) and 60% ("on" drug); (ii) parkinsonian motor disability (UPDRS III) was improved by 54% ("off" drug) and 73% ("on" drug); (iii) the severity of levodopa related motor complications was decreased by 67% and the levodopa daily doses were reduced by 58%. The MADRS was unchanged, but cognitive performance declined significantly. Persisting adverse effects included eyelid opening apraxia, weight gain, addiction to levodopa treatment, hypomania and disinhibition, depression, dysarthria, dyskinesias, and apathy. CONCLUSIONS: Despite moderate motor and cognitive decline, probably due to disease progression, the marked improvement in motor function observed postoperatively was sustained 5 years after neurosurgery.     

Long‐term results of a multicenter study on subthalamic and pallidal stimulation in Parkinson's disease

We report the 5 to 6 year follow‐up of a multicenter study of bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Thirty‐five STN patients and 16 GPi patients were assessed at 5 to 6 years after DBS surgery. Primary outcome measure was the stimulation effect on the motor Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) assessed with a prospective cross‐over double‐blind assessment without medications (stimulation was randomly switched on or off). Secondary outcomes were motor UPDRS changes with unblinded assessments in off‐ and on‐medication states with and without stimulation, activities of daily living (ADL), anti‐PD medications, and dyskinesias. In double‐blind assessment, both STN and GPi DBS were significantly effective in improving the motor UPDRS scores (STN, P < 0.0001, 45.4%; GPi, P = 0.008, 20.0%) compared with off‐stimulation, regardless of the sequence of stimulation. In open assessment, both STN‐ and GPi‐DBS significantly improved the off‐medication motor UPDRS when compared with before surgery (STN, P < 0.001, 50.5%; GPi, P = 0.002, 35.6%). Dyskinesias and ADL were significantly improved in both groups. Anti‐PD medications were significantly reduced only in the STN group. Adverse events were more frequent in the STN group. These results confirm the long‐term efficacy of STN and GPi DBS in advanced PD. Although the surgical targets were not randomized, there was a trend to a better outcome of motor signs in the STN‐DBS patients and fewer adverse events in the GPi‐DBS group. © 2010 Movement Disorder Society