医学图像三维可视化系统的构建

针对当前PACS的需要，利用可视化工具包VTK，设计和实现了一个能应用于PACS的三维可视化系统。该系统实现了医学图像的三维可视化与剖面显示功能，丰富了PACS的图像处理功能。     

一个三维医学图像时可视化系统4D View

通过结合国际上先进的可视化工具包（VTK）和实时体绘制系统（VolumePro)，研制开发了医学图像实时可视化系统4D View，该系统能够对MR，CT等医学图像进行实时的三维可视化和交互操作，本文首先简单介绍了VTK和VolmePro及其相互结合，然后详细讨论了4D View的系统设计和各功能模拟，最后给出了从4D View系统获得的一些医学图像可视化结果，实验结果表明，4D View能有效地解决三维医学图像可视化及其交互操作实时性不强的问题，在临床诊断，治疗和医学研究等领域中具有极大的应用前景。     

医学图像三维可视化系统的设计

本文介绍了医学图像三雏可视化的预处理技术，医学图像三维重建的可视化主流算法及可视化系统主要采用的交互显示技术，在比较分析各种技术的基础上，提出了适合在高档PC机上开发医学图像三维可视化系统采用的方法。     

Medical image processing system based on OK series image board and visualization toolkit

目的针对当前医学图像处理的需要,在VTK类库提供的可视化与显示功能的基础上,用VC + + 2008设计和实现一个可集成于OK图像采集卡的三维可视化系统.方法在VC + +2008平台下,结合可视化工具包VTK,对DICOM格式的CT图像序列进行面绘制和体绘制,通过设置虚拟切面的内点和法向量对重建后的三维物体进行切割并获得虚拟切片的信息,在切割的同时可以同步显示出虚拟切片图像.结果 实验结果表明,该系统能有效地实现DICOM医学图像的体绘制和表面绘制,并且可以在任意方向切割、旋转、放大与平移三维图像.结论 上述系统对增强OK图像采集卡的后处理功能具有重要作用,在理论研究和临床应用上有重要意义和研究价值.     

计算机辅助手术向远程手术方向的发展

本文对计算机辅助手术(CAS)系统的关键技术:医学图像三维可视化、多模医学图像配准进行了全面的探讨,进一步讨论了在计算机网络中通过共享医学图像的各种分析处理结果,来完成计算机辅助手术向远程手术的转化.对计算机辅助手术向远程手术发展所必须解决的问题;三维医学图像传输环境下的医学图像实时三维可视化、协同分布式并行计算环境、基于Web的交互式可视化进行了设计分析.     

一个三维医学图像实时可视化系统4D View

通过结合国际上先进的可视化工具包 (VTK)和实时体绘制系统 (Volum e Pro) ,研制开发了医学图像实时可视化系统 4DView。该系统能够对 MR、CT等医学图像进行实时的三维可视化和交互操作。本文首先简单介绍了 VTK和 Volume Pro及其相互结合 ,然后详细讨论了 4DView的系统设计和各功能模块 ,最后给出了从 4DView系统获得的一些医学图像可视化结果。实验结果表明 ,4DView能有效地解决三维医学图像可视化及其交互操作实时性不强的问题 ,在临床诊断、治疗和医学研究等领域中具有极大的应用前景     

基于VTK和MFC的医学图像三维重建研究与实现

VTK是医学可视化领域的主流工具,MFC是Windows平台下的应用程序框架.尝试将两者进行结合编程,以实现二维医学图像的三维重建.实现医学图像三维重建的主要方法是面绘制和体绘制.将利用多组医学图像数据进行三维重建研究,其中面绘制用移动立方体法,体绘制用光线投射法、最大密度投影法和合成体绘制法实现.最后比较两种绘制技术的结果并讨论了它们的特点.结果 表明,VTK作为一种图像处理和三维可视化工具其功能是十分强大的.     

基于OK图像采集卡和VTK的医学图像处理系统

目的针对当前医学图像处理的需要,在VTK类库提供的可视化与显示功能的基础上,用VC＋＋2008设计和实现一个可集成于OK图像采集卡的三维可视化系统。方法在VC＋＋2008平台下,结合可视化工具包VTK,对DICOM格式的CT图像序列进行面绘制和体绘制,通过设置虚拟切面的内点和法向量对重建后的三维物体进行切割并获得虚拟切片的信息,在切割的同时可以同步显示出虚拟切片图像。结果实验结果表明,该系统能有效地实现DICOM医学图像的体绘制和表面绘制,并且可以在任意方向切割、旋转、放大与平移三维图像。结论上述系统对增强OK图像采集卡的后处理功能具有重要作用,在理论研究和临床应用上有重要意义和研究价值。     

医学图像三维重建系统的关键技术研究与设计

背景:医学影像三维可视化技术将二维断层图像转化为三维图像,有利于提高医疗规划的准确性,是当今医学领域研究的热点,在诊断医学、手术规划、模拟仿真等领域都有重要的应用。目的:利用二维医学图像序列重建出三维模型的关键技术,对可视化系统进行总体设计。方法:首先研究现有三维重建技术,包括预处理技术,图像分割和配准可视化算法。其次给出了系统体系结构设计图,各模块中应用到各种三维重建关键技术。结果与结论:根据现有关键技术的研究,选用OpenGL作为可视化开发工具,设计了一种基于PC机的三维医学图像可视化系统。     

医学图像的三维重建及基于VTK的实现和应用

背景：VTK是一个免费的图像三维重建和处理的专业开发平台,其功能强大,源代码开放,用户可以根据自己的需求灵活的定制和开发。 目的：介绍图像三维可视化中常用的面绘制和体绘制两类可视化技术的原理,以及其典型的Marching Cubes和Ray Casting三维重建算法,并对重建的三维医学图像的应用和扩展进行了探讨。 方法：基于免费的VTK可视化开发包平台和Visual C++ 6.0 IDE开发工具,使用C++语言,采用真实人体CT数据集,实现CT图像的三维重建和应用扩展。 结果与结论：基于VTK平台,采用面绘制和体绘制不同绘制原理实现了医学图像的三维可视化。重建得到的三维医学图像,显示效果清晰直观,并且可以配合进行三维医学图像的测量、虚拟切割等操作,取得了较好的效果。     

DICOM数据的三维重建与协同可视化系统的开发

复杂手术常需多科医生协商制定综合性治疗方案,网络协同三维可视化软件可使方案制定直观而精确。我们采用VTK工具包对DICOM格式CT图像数据进行三维重建并作网格简化,将结果所得多边形网格模型无缝集成到用HOOPS/3DAF所开发的图形系统进行显示,并用HOOPS/Stream工具包转成适合网络传输的HSF无损压缩流文件,再用HOOPS/NET工具包实现基于Client/Server架构的协同三维交互可视化系统。所得三维重建结果清晰,协同三维可视化操作实时度高。本研究实现了一个协同手术仿真开发平台,该架构易于进一步添加模拟手术操作与修复体设计功能。     

CAVASS: A Computer-Assisted Visualization and Analysis Software System

The Medical Image Processing Group at the University of Pennsylvania has been developing (and distributing with source code) medical image analysis and visualization software systems for a long period of time. Our most recent system, 3DVIEWNIX, was first released in 1993. Since that time, a number of significant advancements have taken place with regard to computer platforms and operating systems, networking capability, the rise of parallel processing standards, and the development of open-source toolkits. The development of CAVASS by our group is the next generation of 3DVIEWNIX. CAVASS will be freely available and open source, and it is integrated with toolkits such as Insight Toolkit and Visualization Toolkit. CAVASS runs on Windows, Unix, Linux, and Mac but shares a single code base. Rather than requiring expensive multiprocessor systems, it seamlessly provides for parallel processing via inexpensive clusters of work stations for more time-consuming algorithms. Most importantly, CAVASS is directed at the visualization, processing, and analysis of 3-dimensional and higher-dimensional medical imagery, so support for digital imaging and communication in medicine data and the efficient implementation of algorithms is given paramount importance.     

NIRViz: 3D Visualization Software for Multimodality Optical Imaging Using Visualization Toolkit (VTK) and Insight Segmentation Toolkit (ITK)

Optical imaging using near-infrared light is used for noninvasive probing of tissues to recover vascular and molecular status of healthy and diseased tissues using hemoglobin contrast arising due to absorption of light. While multimodality optical techniques exist, visualization techniques in this area are limited. Addressing this issue, we present a simple framework for image overlay of optical and magnetic resonance (MRI) or computerized tomographic images which is intuitive and easily usable, called NIRViz. NIRViz is a multimodality software platform for the display and navigation of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) MRI datasets and 3D optical image solutions geared toward visualization and coregistration of optical contrast in diseased tissues such as cancer. We present the design decisions undertaken during the design of the software, the libraries used in the implementation, and other implementation details as well as preliminary results from the software package. Our implementation uses the Visualization Toolkit library to do most of the work, with a Qt graphical user interface for the front end. Challenges encountered include reslicing DICOM image data and coregistration of image space and mesh space. The resulting software provides a simple and customized platform to display surface and volume meshes with optical parameters such as hemoglobin concentration, overlay them on magnetic resonance images, allow the user to interactively change transparency of different image sets, rotate geometries, clip through the resulting datasets, obtain mesh and optical solution information, and successfully interact with both functional and structural medical image information.     

Knowledge acquisition in the fuzzy knowledge representation framework of a medical consultation system

This paper describes the fuzzy knowledge representation framework of the medical computer consultation system MedFrame/CADIAG-IV as well as the specific knowledge acquisition techniques that have been developed to support the definition of knowledge concepts and inference rules. As in its predecessor system CADIAG-II, fuzzy medical knowledge bases are used to model the uncertainty and the vagueness of medical concepts and fuzzy logic reasoning mechanisms provide the basic inference processes. The elicitation and acquisition of medical knowledge from domain experts has often been described as the most difficult and time-consuming task in knowledge-based system development in medicine. It comes as no surprise that this is even more so when unfamiliar representations like fuzzy membership functions are to be acquired. From previous projects we have learned that a user-centered approach is mandatory in complex and ill-defined knowledge domains such as internal medicine. This paper describes the knowledge acquisition framework that has been developed in order to make easier and more accessible the three main tasks of: (a) defining medical concepts; (b) providing appropriate interpretations for patient data; and (c) constructing inferential knowledge in a fuzzy knowledge representation framework. Special emphasis is laid on the motivations for some system design and data modeling decisions. The theoretical framework has been implemented in a software package, the Knowledge Base Builder Toolkit. The conception and the design of this system reflect the need for a user-centered, intuitive, and easy-to-handle tool. First results gained from pilot studies have shown that our approach can be successfully implemented in the context of a complex fuzzy theoretical framework. As a result, this critical aspect of knowledge-based system development can be accomplished more easily.     

Cognitive processes as integrative component for developing expert decision-making systems: A workflow centered framework

The development of expert decision-making systems, which improve task performance and reduce errors within an intra-operative clinical workspace, is critically dependent on two main aspects: (a) Analyzing the clinical requirements and cognitive processes within the workflow and (b) providing an optimal context for accurate situation awareness through effective intra-operative information visualization. This paper presents a workflow centered framework and its theoretical underpinnings to design expert decision-making systems. The framework integrates knowledge of the clinical workflow based on the requirements within the clinical workspace. Furthermore, it builds upon and integrates the theory of situation awareness into system design to improve decision-making. As an application example, this framework has been used to design an intra-operative visualization system (IVS), which provides image guidance to the clinicians to perform minimally invasive procedure. An evaluative study, comparing the traditional ultrasound guided procedure with the new developed IVS, has been conducted with expert intervention radiologists and medical students. The results reveal significant evidence for improved decision-making when using the IVS. Therefore, it can be stated that this study demonstrates the benefits of integrating knowledge of cognitive processes into system development to support clinical decision-making and hence improvement of task performance and prevention of errors.     

基于VTK的磁源性影像三维可视化

目的 改善磁源性影像的三维可视化效果.方法 对MRI数据进行图像分割,利用可视化工具(vTK)包对分割后的图像进行三维重建,获得大脑皮层的三维模型;以患者做脑磁图检查时设置的3个外部标志点(左耳窝、右耳窝和鼻根)为基准,通过坐标转换,将脑磁图源分析软件输出的偶极子信息形象化地表示在三维显示窗口中.结果 在三维图像上可以...     

A Medical Imaging and Visualization Toolkit in Java

Medical imaging research and clinical applications usually require combination and integration of various techniques ranging from image processing and analysis to realistic visualization to user-friendly interaction. Researchers with different backgrounds coming from diverse areas have been using numerous types of hardware, software, and environments to obtain their results. We also observe that students often build their tools from scratch resulting in redundant work. A generic and flexible medical imaging and visualization toolkit would be helpful in medical research and educational institutes to reduce redundant development work and hence increase research efficiency. This paper presents our experience in developing a Medical Imaging and Visualization Toolkit (BIL-kit) that is a set of comprehensive libraries as well as a number of interactive tools. The BIL-kit covers a wide range of fundamental functions from image conversion and transformation, image segmentation, and analysis to geometric model generation and manipulation, all the way up to 3D visualization and interactive simulation. The toolkit design and implementation emphasize the reusability and flexibility. BIL-kit is implemented in the Java language so that it works in hybrid and dynamic research and educational environments. This also allows the toolkit to extend its usage for the development of Web-based applications. Several BIL-kit-based tools and applications are presented including image converter, image processor, general anatomy model simulator, vascular modeling environment, and volume viewer. BIL-kit is a suitable platform for researchers and students to develop visualization and simulation prototypes, and it can also be used for the development of clinical applications.     

医学体数据可视化的研究和实现

医学体数据可视化在临床上已成为辅助诊断和辅助治疗的重要手段,其技术也成为近年来研究和应用的热点.本文讨论了体数据可视化中的体绘制算法(volume rendering)中最常用的光线投射法,并利用Visualization Tool Kit(VTK)--一个包含了多种体绘制技术的基于面向对象方法设计的、功能强大的可视化类库,来实现断层医学图像的三维重建,并比较了这几种体绘制技术的各自特点.重建效果表明基于VTK的体绘制技术具有应用灵活、重建效果逼真、重建速度较快等优点.     

Integration of the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK) into the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK)

The development cycle of an image-guided surgery navigation system is too long to meet current clinical needs. This paper presents an integrated system developed by the integration of two open-source software (IGSTK and MITK) to shorten the development cycle of the image-guided surgery navigation system and save human resources simultaneously. An image-guided surgery navigation system was established by connecting the two aforementioned open-source software libraries. It used the Medical Imaging Interaction Toolkit (MITK) as a framework providing image processing tools for the image-guided surgery navigation system of medical imaging software with a high degree of interaction and used the Image-Guided Surgery Toolkit (IGSTK) as a library that provided the basic components of the system for location, tracking, and registration. The electromagnetic tracking device was used to measure the real-time position of surgical tools and fiducials attached to the patient’s anatomy. IGSTK was integrated into MITK; at the same time, the compatibility and the stability of this system were emphasized. Experiments showed that an integrated system of the image-guided surgery navigation system could be developed in 2 months. The integration of IGSTK into MITK is feasible. Several techniques for 3D reconstruction, geometric analysis, mesh generation, and surface data analysis for medical image analysis of MITK can connect with the techniques for location, tracking, and registration of IGSTK. This integration of advanced modalities can decrease software development time and emphasize the precision, safety, and robustness of the image-guided surgery navigation system.     

An Image Rendering Technique for Sliced-geometries Using MITK

Software for medical image analysis and visualization is an important tool in medical research and diagnosis.Development and usage of medical image processing toolkit have become an important research trend.It is a fundamental task to master their image rendering principles and data organization mode in order to use these toolkits.MITK(Medical Imaging Toolkit,from www.mitk.net) with the important characteristics of inheritance and virtual function uses the Object-Oriented design approach.This paper researches the data organization mode and coordinate translation of MITK and presents an algorithm based on OpenGL to rewrite the image-rendering function of MITK.Using the algorithm,the rewritten rendering function has the same rendering effect as the one in MITK.By rewriting the virtual image-rendering function and using the capability that a view window can load many data model,users can neatly render various graphics and images.Though the researches of this paper are based on the mitkImageModel class,the algorithm also is fit for 2D "widgets"class.