脉搏指数连续心输出量监测在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者中的应用

目的探讨脉搏指数连续心输出量监测(PICCO)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)患者中的应用价值。方法入选2012年1月至2013年1月因AMI合并心源性休克(CS)入住南京鼓楼医院集团宿迁市人民医院心血管内科重症监护病房(CCU)患者56例。其中男性35例,女性21例,年龄28~75岁,平均(56.5±2.3)岁。随机分成PICCO组(27例)及对照组(29例)。对照组入CCU后立即监测血压,心率,呼吸次数,血氧饱和度及心电图,记录体温变化,深静脉穿刺监测中心静脉压(CVP)。PICCO组在此基础上,进行深静脉置管+股动脉置管+PICCO模块连接。监测心脏指数(CI),血管外肺水指数(EVLWI)及血清N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-pro BNP)变化情况。结果与PICCO治疗24 h比较,治疗48 h EVLWI[(8.85±0.73)ml/kg vs.(7.41±1.36)ml/kg]下降,CI[(2.21±0.45)L/min·m2 vs.(2.60±0.17)L/min·m2]增加,NT-pro BNP[(4069.48±65.32)pg/ml vs.(3721±20.32)pg/ml]下降,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。随着时间延长,EVLWI下降,CI增加,NT-pro BNP呈降低的趋势。同时,EVLWI与NT-pro BNP呈直线正相关(r=0.78,P0.05)。PICCO组患者血管活性药物使用时间,入住CCU时间,机械通气时间,病死率以及出院时血清NT-pro BNP水平明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论 PICCO对于AMI合并CS患者的治疗具有重要价值。     

One-year clinical outcomes in invasive treatment strategies for acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock in eld-erly patients

Objective To investigate the clinical outcomes of an invasive strategy for elderly (aged ≥ 75 years) patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS). Methods Data on 366 of 409 elderly CS patients from a total of 6,132 acute STEMI cases enrolled in the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry between January 2008 and June 2011, were collected and analyzed. In-hospital deaths and the 1-month and 1-year survival rates free from major adverse cardiac events (MACE; defined as all cause death, myocardial infarction, and target vessel revascularization) were reported for the patients who had undergone invasive (n = 310) and conservative (n = 56) treatment strategies. Results The baseline clinical characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups. There were fewer in-hospital deaths in the invasive treatment strategy group (23.5% vs. 46.4%, P < 0.001). In addition, the 1-year MACE-free survival rate after invasive treatment was significantly lower compared with the conservative treatment (51% vs. 66%, P = 0.001). Conclusions In elderly patients with acute STEMI complicated by CS, the outcomes of invasive strategy are similar to those in younger patients at the 1-year follow-up.     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute MI does not prevent in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock compared to fibrinolysis

BACKGROUND: It has been speculated that invasive revascularization prevents development of cardiogenic shock. Data from randomised trials comparing angioplasty with fibrinolysis on the development of cardiogenic shock are lacking. AIMS: To elucidate the effect of angioplasty on in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock compared to fibrinolysis. To evaluate whether mortality in patients who develop cardiogenic shock after treatment is dependent on revascularization strategy. METHODS AND RESULTS: DANAMI-2 randomly assigned 1572 STEMI patients to fibrinolysis (782 patients) or angioplasty (790 patients). Data on patients with in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock after randomisation were included. Of the 103 patients (6.6%) patients developing cardiogenic shock 57% were randomised to angioplasty with an unadjusted odds ratio of 1.39 (0.92-2.11, p=0.14). During the three year follow-up 58% of the total mortality was due to cardiogenic shock, and treatment strategy did not influence the risk associated with shock (hazard ratio of 1.05 (0.67-1.64) for angioplasty vs. fibrinolysis). CONCLUSIONS: Angioplasty does not prevent the in-hospital development of cardiogenic shock complicating acute MI compared to fibrinolysis. Cardiogenic shock is still the leading cause of death in patients hospitalised for acute MI. There was no difference in mortality, with regards to treatment strategy in patients developing cardiogenic shock after the initial treatment.     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者冠脉病变特点及再灌注疗法的效果

目的　探讨急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并心源性休克患者的冠脉病变特点及再灌注疗法的效果。方法　以74例AMI患者为对象 ,按是否合并心源性休克分为休克组 16例 ,非休克组 5 8例 ,对比两组患者的临床资料 ,冠脉造影及再灌注疗法对预后的影响。结果　休克组院内病死率显著高于非休克组 (P <0 0 5 ) ;休克组各种并发症比例均显著高于非休克组 ,其中梗死延展休克组发生率为 38% ,非休克组为 5 % (P <0 0 1) ;冠脉造影显示 ,休克组 3支病变显著高于非休克组 (P <0 0 1) ,前者 99%以上的严重狭窄病变多、钙化严重及侧支循环发育不良。再灌注治疗后 ,梗死相关冠脉再通率休克组显著低于非休克组 (P <0 0 5 ) ,休克组院内病死率受梗死相关冠脉再通与否的影响 ,再通的 6例仅 1例死亡 ,而未再通的 5例 3例死亡。结论　AMI合并心源性休克患者 ,冠脉病变严重、复杂 ,病死率高 ,改善预后的关键是恢复再灌注及预防梗死延展。     

直接经皮冠脉介入治疗在抢救急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克中的应用

目的探讨急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的抢救方法。方法用急诊直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)治疗意大利波洛尼亚大学附属医院2001—2002年收治的15例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者。结果15例患者中,共有13例抢救成功。结论急诊PCI是治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的有效方法。     

冠脉介入治疗急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的初步临床观察

目的:探讨冠状动脉介入治疗对老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克的疗效。 方法:急诊下对16例平均年龄(71.4±4.7)岁的AMI患者的16支梗死相关动脉(IRA)的21处靶病变进行介入治疗。术前IRA平均狭窄99.7％±0.3％,冠状动脉血流(TIMI)0级14例,1～2级2例。其中21处靶病变置入支架20枚,1例失败。 结果:IRA和靶病变介入治疗的成功率分别为93.7％及95.2％,87.5％者TIMI血流恢复至3级。无手术并发症及术中发生死亡。平均开通时间(24.3±4.3)min,术后住院期间5例(31.2％)死亡。对出院的11例患者平均随访12个月全部存活。 结论:急诊冠状动脉介入治疗对高龄AMI合并心源性休克高危患者疗效显著。     

主动脉内气囊反搏对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死伴心源性休克患者急性肾损伤的影响

目的探讨主动脉内气囊反搏(IABP)对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)伴心源性休克(CS)患者肾功能的影响。方法 STEMI伴CS患者103例,随机分为对照组(n=51)和IABP组(n=52),比较两组患者的临床资料,观察STEMI伴CS患者急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生率、严重程度和30天的存活率,以及IABP对AKI的影响。结果两组间年龄、性别、高血压病史、糖尿病史、合并肺水肿、入院收缩压、入院平均动脉压、心率、左心室射血分数、血肌酐基础值、基础肾小球滤过率估计值、门-球时间、对比剂用量及术后TIMI血流等指标比较无显著差异(P0.05)。在静脉使用多巴胺剂量及去甲肾上腺素使用率方面,IABP组低于对照组(P0.05)。对照组AKI主要发生在第1天,而IABP组更多发生在第2天,两组AKI总体发生率比较无显著差异(P0.05)。肾替代治疗(RRT)比较,对照组高于IABP组(35.3%比17.3%,P0.05)。血肌酐比较,第1天对照组的血肌酐高于IABP组(P0.05),而入院基础值、第2天和第3天两组均无显著差异。30天存活率比较,对照组和IABP组无显著差异,而AKI患者低于非AKI患者(P0.01)。结论 IABP不减少STEMI伴CS患者AKI的发生率,也不提高其30天存活率,但能延缓AKI进展的速度,减少AKI患者的RRT使用率。     

主动脉内球囊反搏在急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克中的应用

目的:探讨主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)在急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克中的应用价值。方法:收集88例AMI合并心源性休克患者的临床资料,其中50例行IABP,38例药物治疗,回顾性分析88例患者的治疗效果及安全性。结果:对于AMI并心源性休克患者,应用IABP后可改善血流动力学,使患者的收缩压、心率趋于稳定,左心室射血分数(LVEF)有明显改善,与非IABP组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);IABP组住院生存时间优于非IABP组(RR=0.402,95%CI:0.175~0.921,P=0.031)。肢体缺血与出血的发生率2组无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:对于AMI合并心源性休克的患者,行IABP辅助循环,可改善血流动力学,改善住院生存时间,且相对安全。     

Percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction in a patient with dextrocardia

Situs inversus with dextrocardia is a rare congenital anomaly. There are limited published case reports of successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in these patients who have atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, especially when presenting with acute myocardial infarction. PCI is technically difficult because of mirror image dextrocardia. We hereby describe a 48-yr-old female, who had acute inferior wall myocardial infarction and underwent successful emergency primary coronary angioplasty and stenting of a proximally occluded right coronary artery. Technical details about PCI are discussed.     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的经皮冠状动脉介入治疗及主动脉球囊反搏治疗疗效

目的　观察急性心肌梗死 (AMI)合并心源性休克时在主动脉球囊反搏 (IABP)支持下行经皮冠状动脉成形术 (PTCA)及冠状动脉内支架置入术对患者早期死亡率及心功能的影响。方法　于发病 0 5～ 32h内在IABP支持下行急诊冠状动脉造影 ,对梗死相关血管 (IRA)直接行PTCA及支架置入。 5周内行心脏超声检查及心功能测定。结果　除 4例在行IABP 1h内心衰及休克加重而死亡外 ,余 2 8例患者IRA全部再通 ,置入支架 2 4例 ,成功率 85 71% ,发病至血管再通时间平均 8 6h ,死亡率为 31 2 5 %。 2 2例存活患者 5周内检查射血分数 (EF)为 0 4 3～ 0 6 7。结论　应用IABP作为辅助手段对提高休克病人PCI再灌注非常重要 ;可降低死亡率 ,改善术后近期心功能。     

整体全面护理干预在急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者中的应用

目的探讨整体全面护理干预在急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克患者中的应用效果。 方法选取2017年1月至2018年3月胶州市人民医院收治的76例AMI并发心源性休克患者,依照入院先后顺序分为观察组(38例)与对照组(38例)。对照组接受常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上接受整体全面护理干预。观察对比两组患者干预前后负性情绪(HAMA、HAMD评分)变化情况,并统计两组遵医行为、护理满意度。 结果干预后对照组遵医率为73.68%,观察组遵医率为92.11%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预后观察组HAMA和HAMD评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。对照组护理满意度为78.95%,观察组护理满意度为97.37%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论整体全面护理干预应用于AMI并发心源性休克患者,可有效减轻负性情绪,改善遵医行为,提高护理满意度。     

Effect of early revascularisation in cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction. A single center experience

BACKGROUND: Five to 10% of patients with acute myocardial infarction develop cardiogenic shock and the majority of these patients are expected to die within the first few weeks. In this study, we review our recent experience in the management of patients with cardiogenic shock complicating MI and examine the effect of early invasive revascularisation on mortality. METHODS: Thirty-six consecutive patients who developed cardiogenic shock less than 48 h after MI were retrospectively evaluated and divided into two treatment groups. One group received early invasive revascularisation (n=24) and the other group had no early invasive revascularisation, but received similar conventional intensive care medical treatment (n=12). RESULTS: Baseline characteristics and hemodynamic variables were similar in both groups. Apart from invasive revascularisation and the use of intra aortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP), treatment strategies did not differ between the two groups. Thirty-day mortality was 21% in the revascularised group of patients and 58% in the non-revascularised group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data support previous observations suggesting that an aggressive treatment strategy including early invasive revascularisation and IABP is associated with improved short and long-term survival in patients with cardiogenic shock. Since early revascularisation appears safe with a considerable treatment benefit, this approach must be considered in patients with short shock duration early after MI.     

体外膜肺氧合在急性心肌梗死合并重症心源性休克治疗中的应用

目的:总结体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)对急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)患者进行支持治疗的结果。方法:2009年8月到2013年3月,我院对5例AMI合并CS的患者进行了ECMO辅助支持治疗。回顾分析这5例患者的临床资料,包括基本情况,辅助原因,辅助时间及预后。结果:5例患者中男性4例,女性1例。平均辅助时间(121.2±40.6)h,全部脱机,4例存活出院。结论:ECMO可以为AMI合并CS的患者提供有效的支持治疗。     

急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克的住院死亡率危险因素分析

目的探讨急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者住院死亡率的危险因素,为临床识别高危患者提供依据。方法回顾性分析89例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的患者资料,应用单变量及多变量logistic回归分析其基线特征因素和治疗因素与住院死亡率的关系。结果急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克患者的住院死亡率为51.7％（46例）。其中病死组平均年龄[（74.1±10.1）岁]高于非病死组平均年龄[（66.8±11.4）岁],急诊PCI比例[10例（21.7%）]低于非病死组[26例（60.5%）],差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。多因素logistic回归分析显示年龄（OR=2.109,95％CI：1.29～3.44）、持续性室性心动过速/心室颤动（OR=4.831,95％CI：1.05～22.26）及急诊冠状动脉血运重建（OR=0.171,95％CI：0.06～0.48）与住院死亡率显著相关（均P＜0.05）。结论高龄、持续性室性心动过速/心室颤动是急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克患者住院死亡率增加的危险因素,而急诊冠状动脉血运重建则是保护性因素。     

急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的手术治疗体会(附7例报告)

目的:总结我院急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心源性休克(CS)患者的急诊手术治疗经验。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年1月在我院进行的7例冠心病合并心源性休克患者的急诊手术,均采用on-pump CABG手术,心肌保护方式采用顺灌结合经冠状静脉逆灌心肌保护方式。结果:围手术期死亡2例,死亡病例均出现顽固性低心排出量综合征(低心排),其中1例同时合并肾功能衰竭及消化道大出血;存活5例,均治愈出院。结论:急诊冠状动脉搭桥手术可以有效提高此类患者的生存率。     

急性心肌梗死合并心原性休克患者住院期间结果及影响因素分析

目的探讨影响急性心肌梗死(AMI)合并心原性休克(CS)患者住院期间死亡的因素。方法回顾性分析2002年4月至2019年4月于首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院心脏中心接受治疗的321例AMI合并CS患者的临床资料。将患者分为院内死亡组(230例)和院内生存组(91例)。比较两组患者的基线特征、冠状动脉造影和介入治疗特征、心功能和生化指标。结果与院内生存组相比,院内死亡组患者年龄偏大,院前时间偏长,非ST段抬高型心肌梗死比例偏高;三支冠状动脉病变发生率高,实施心肺复苏比例高,急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)率偏低;血清肌酐和B型脑钠肽显著增高。两组主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)置入率相当(82.3%比86.8%,P=0.349)。两组左心室射血分数、肌钙蛋白I峰值、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、白细胞计数、红细胞沉降率和C反应蛋白比较,差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄(OR 1.005,95%CI 0.992~1.212,P=0.047)、院前时间(OR 0.898,95%CI 0.991~1.006,P=0.048)、急诊PCI(OR 0.331,95%CI 0.103~3.521,P=0.039)和实施心肺复苏(OR 7.238,95%CI 1.620~32.343,P=0.010)是AMI合并CS住院期间死亡的独立预测因素。结论IABP置入不影响AMI合并CS住院期间生存率。年龄、院前时间、急诊PCI和实施心肺复苏是住院期间死亡的独立预测因素。     

老年急性心肌梗死并发心源性休克介入与非介入治疗的临床研究

目的 对比分析介入治疗与非介入治疗对年龄＞75岁的老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)并发心源性休克(CS)患者的疗效.方法 回顾性分析我院63例年龄＞75岁的ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者入院时及入院36 h内并发CS的资料,根据是否行PCI分为介入组及非介入组,比较两组基线资料、治疗效果及预后.结果 两组基线资料差异无统计学意义,梗死部位多见于前壁、前侧壁及广泛前壁(85.19%、80.56%),多见于三支血管病变或左主干病变(74.07%、37.04%),且多合并肺部感染(44.44%、55.56%).经过不同治疗后,介入组院内死亡率有所降低(51.85%比77.78%,P＜0.05),心律失常发生率下降(40.74%比69.44%,P＜0.05),血肌酐升高≥50%也明显低于非介入组(33.33%比58.33%,P＜0.05);而肺部炎症发生率(55.56%比75.00%,P＞0.05)、IABP使用率(40.74%比27.78%,P＞0.05)及呼吸机使用率(33.33%比30.56%,P＞0.05)两组差异均无统计学意义.结论 即使是年龄＞75岁的老年AMI并发CS患者,介入治疗仍可获得相对较好的治疗效果,尤其对心律失常和肾功能恶化,可使院内死亡率下降.     

急性心肌梗死并心源性休克的院内死亡危险因素分析

目的 分析影响急性心肌梗死（AMI）合并心源性休克（CS）院内死亡的危险因素.方法 选择2008年6月至2012年12月间223例急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的住院患者,记录患者的相关临床资料,根据住院期间是否死亡分为两组：死亡组和存活组,应用Logistic回归分析评估AMI合并CS患者院内死亡的危险因素.结果 223例AMI合并心源性休克患者中107例死亡,116例存活.与生存组相比,死亡组中年龄≥70岁、糖尿病、陈旧性心梗史、慢性肾功能不全、前壁心肌梗死、未置入IABP、室间隔穿孔、消化道出血比例及入院时心率、左室射血分数、肾小球滤过率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.Logistic多元回归分析发现,年龄≥70岁、糖尿病、前壁心肌梗死、心率快、左室射血分数低、室间隔穿孔、消化道出血为AMI合并CS院内死亡的独立危险因素.结论 对于急性心肌梗死合并心源性休克的患者,年龄≥70岁、糖尿病、前壁心肌梗死、心率快、左室射血分数低、室间隔穿孔、消化道出血为院内死亡的独立危险因素.     

Impact of intra-aortic balloon pump support initiated before versus after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with cardiogenic shock from acute myocardial infarction

Background

Little evidence is available on the optimal sequence of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support initiation and primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients who present with cardiogenic shock from ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). The aim of this study was to evaluate the order of IABP insertion and primary PCI and its association with infarct size and mortality.

Methods

A series of 173 consecutive patients admitted with cardiogenic shock from STEMI and treated with primary PCI and IABP between 2000 and 2009 were included. The order of IABP insertion and primary PCI was left at the discretion of the interventional cardiologist.

Results

All baseline characteristics were similar in patients who first received IABP (n = 87) and patients who received IABP directly after PCI (n = 86). In these two groups, cumulative 30-day mortality was 44% and 37% respectively (p = 0.39). Median peak serum creatine kinase (CK) concentrations were 5692 U/l and 4034 U/l respectively (p = 0.048). In multivariable analysis, IABP insertion before PCI was independently associated with higher CK levels (p = 0.046). In patients who survived 30 days, IABP insertion before PCI was not associated with late mortality evaluated at five years of follow-up (HR1.5, 95% CI 0.7–3.3; p = 0.34).

Conclusions

Early IABP insertion before primary PCI might be associated with higher peak CK levels, indicating a larger infarct size. A possible explanation may be the increased reperfusion delay. Our study suggests that early reperfusion could have priority over routine early IABP insertion in STEMI patients with cardiogenic shock. Randomized studies are needed to determine the optimal timing of IABP insertion relative to primary PCI.