Coronary stenting for failed angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction

Intracoronary stents were implanted in 15 patients after unsuccessful PTCA in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The stented vessel was the left anterior descending (LAD) in 11 patients, the right coronary artery (RCA) in 3 patients, and a venous bypass graft to the LAD in a single patient. A total of 16 stents were implanted (15 Palmaz-Schatz, Johnson and Johnson; and 1 Wiktor, Medtronic). Follow-up: 1 patient died 10 days after stent implantation as a result of renal failure and cardiogenic shock. Subacute thrombosis occurred in 2 patients, 5 and 15 days after stent implantation; both underwent successful emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). The remaining 12 patients were free from major ischemic events (death, AMI, and further revascularization) after a mean follow-up of 18.7 ± 4.1 months. We conclude that the long-term results of intracoronary stenting in AMI after failed PTCA are favourable. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Intracoronary stenting in acute myocardial infarction

Stent implantation into an infarct-related artery during acute myocardial infarction is generally contraindicated because of the risk of stent thrombosis. We report on 3 patients who had successful stenting for an acute occlusive dissection that developed during direct infarct coronary angioplasty and was refractory to conventional prolonged balloon dilatation, with good long-term clinical and angiographic results. The prerequisites for success include proper premedication, presence of only a minimal amount of thrombus in the infarct-related artery, liberal use of intracoronary thrombolytic therapy, as perfect an angiographic result as possible, as well as careful and aggressive post-stenting anticoagulation. © Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Comparative trial of stent-like balloon angioplasty versus coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction.

Primary PTCA has been shown to be superior to any thrombolytic regimen and offers higher reperfusion rates and better coronary flow grades. Its limitations include recurrent ischemia (10%-15%), infarct-related artery reocclusion (5%-10%), angiographic restenosis (35%-50%), and need to perform repeat PTCA or CABG at 6-month follow-up (20%). Thus, the current role of coronary stenting for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is very promising. From December 1995 through January 1997, 335 patients underwent primary angioplasty during the first 12 hr from symptom onset at our institution. We performed a retrospective study comparing the in-hospital and 6-month follow-up outcome of 61 patients who underwent coronary stenting (stent group) against 61 patients with optimal (residual lesion stenosis < 30%) balloon-only primary angioplasty (stent-like group). Patients were routinely treated with aspirin, and ticlopidine was given only to the stent group. In-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MACE) rate was 11.5% without statistical differences between the groups. Cardiac death rate was similar in both groups (4.9 vs. 6.6%; P = 1.0) and only two (3.3%) patients from the stent group and none from the PTCA group had nonfatal myocardial reinfarction. At 6-month follow-up, the rate of recurrent angina was higher in the stent-like group (30.9 vs. 7.1%; P < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that only stenting of the infarct-related artery was a borderline independent predictor for MACE (OR = 0; 95% CI = 0-1; P = 0.057). Primary stenting for AMI reduces the rate of recurrent angina or symptoms and MACE at 6-month follow-up.     

Clinical outcomes and predictors of unprotected left main stem culprit lesions in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction

Objectives : We aimed at comparing the clinical outcomes of the patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to left main coronary arteries (LMCA) and non‐LMCA determining the predictors of mortality in the patients. Background : There are few data regarding the midterm prognosis of STEMI due to LMCA as compared with them due to non‐LMCA. Methods : A total of 4,697 patients with STEMI (61 patients with LMCA and 4,636 patients with non‐LMCA) were enrolled in a nationwide Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI) Registry between November 2005 and September 2009. The primary endpoints was a composite of cardiac death, nonfatal MI, and target lesion and vessel revascularization (TLR/TVR) during a 12‐month clinical follow‐up. Results : The LMCA group had a higher incidence of total major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) (26.2% vs. 7.8%; P < 0.001) at 12 months, which was largely attributable to cardiac deaths at 1 month (21.3% vs. 3.8%; P < 0.001). Therefore, there was no statistical difference in cardiac deaths, nonfatal MI, TLR/TVR, and MACEs after 1 month between the two groups. Presenting in cardiogenic shock (HR, 4.25; 95% CI, 1.01–17.97; P = 0.049) and heart rate ≥100 bpm (HR, 4.97; 95% CI, 1.18–21.00; P = 0.029) were independent predictors of cardiac death due to LMCA. Conclusion : Patients with STEMI and a LMCA had poor clinical outcomes, which is attributable to hemodynamic deterioration during the periprocedural period. However, after that time, midterm MACEs of the survivors following the periprocedural period may not be different between STEMI due to LMCA and non‐LMCA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

老年急性心肌梗死患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床评价

目的　探讨老年急性心肌梗死 (AMI)患者急诊冠状动脉支架术的临床疗效和安全性。方法　共对 95例住院老年AMI患者的 10 4支靶血管、114处靶病变急诊植入冠状动脉支架 110枚。患者术前合并心源性休克 2 9例 ,心肺复苏 3例 ,急诊冠状动脉造影示多支病变 5 8例 ,梗死相关动脉 (IRA)狭窄 99%～ 10 0 % ,心肌梗死溶栓试验 (TIMI)血流 0级 72例 ,1～ 2级 2 3例。结果　IRA开通率 10 0 % ,110枚支架均植入成功 ,术后平均残余狭窄 (0 .4± 3.5 1) % ,全部恢复TIMI 3级血流 ,无操作并发症 ,即刻成功率 10 0 %。从入导管室至IRA开通时间平均 (17.6± 1.87)min。术后共 6例死亡 ,住院期间总病死率 6 .3% ,其中 4例死于不可逆心源性休克 (休克病死率 13.8% )。对出院的 89例随访 1～ 5 2个月 ,平均 (2 5 .1± 12 .3)个月 ,87例存活 ,存活率 97.8%。 2 8例造影随访者中 5例支架内再狭窄 (再狭窄率17.8% )。结论　急诊支架术对老年AMI患者具有理想的即刻和长期疗效。合理选择器械、操作技术熟练和围术期并发症处理经验是保证老年AMI急诊冠状动脉支架术获得高成功率的 3个关键。     

Refractory ventricular fibrillation complicating acute myocardial infarction terminated by intracoronary stenting

We report on a case of intractable recurrent ventricular fibrillation that responded poorly to antiarrhythmic medication and balloon angioplasty, but resolved instantaneously following intracoronary stenting. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

急性心肌梗死时尿激酶溶栓加即刻准备的冠状动脉内支架置入术

目的：探讨急性心肌梗死（AMI）时尿激酶溶栓加即刻血管造影,TIMIⅡ级或以下时进行冠状动脉内支架置入术（支架术）的安全性。方法：选择1999年1月至2001年12月AMI（发病6h以内）患25例,常规应用尿激酶（商品名：天普洛欣）150万U0.5h内静脉滴注,其中6例无创指标未见再通,25例患90min后即刻血管造影,其中13例TIMIⅡ级或以下进行冠状动脉内支架置入术。结果：13例TIMIⅡ级或以下均成功进行冠状动脉内支架置入术,术后冠脉血流均达到TIMIⅡ级,未见需要输血的严重出血并发症。结论：AMI时尿激酶溶栓加即刻准备的支架术安全、疗效好。     

Primary stenting in nonagenarian patients with acute myocardial infarction: A report of two cases

Previous studies suggested that mortality among elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is higher than that of younger patients. On the other hand, previous studies also suggested that primary angioplasty for elderly patients with AMI is superior to thrombolytic therapy. However, little is known about the effectiveness of primary stenting for very elderly patients, especially, nonagenarian patients. We therefore report two nonagenarian patients with AMI treated by primary stenting. One patient discharged from our hospital after 24 days from admission. This patient is currently being carefully followed up by the referring physician. However, the other patient developed cardiogenic shock on admission, and she unfortunately died 2 days after admission. Primary stenting might not be contraindicated even for nonagenarian patients with AMI considering the limitation of conventional therapy.     

急性心肌梗死静脉溶栓后急诊补救性PTCA+支架术的临床评价

目的观察急性心肌梗死（AMI）静脉溶栓后仍有胸痛或血流动力学不稳定、急性左心功能不全以及心律失常、病态窦房结综合征（SSS）、Ⅲ°AVB、阵发性室速等状态下,紧急行PTCA+支架术对抢救患者的生命的疗效及安全性。方法12例AMI患者均在外院行尿激酶溶栓后,心电图无变化,仍伴有胸痛、低血压、心源性休克、SSS、心动过缓、Ⅲ°AVB、阵发性室速、左心功能不全等其中一项或多项,在24h内紧急行PTCA+支架治疗。介入治疗术前及术后观察患者的症状、心率、血压,应用超声心动图测心室功能的动态变化情况。结果5例胸痛患者通过PTCA+支架术后,胸痛完全消失,2例术前伴有心源性休克及左心功能不全的患者术后6h血压比术前明显升高,术后心率明显减慢,12h超声心动图测心室功能明显改善,5例伴有心动过缓及低血压患者术后6h血压显著升高,心率较术前明显提高。结论AMI静脉溶栓后仍有血流动力学不稳定的状态下,治疗的关键是尽早使完全或近似完全梗死的血管再通,行急诊补救性PTCA+支架是十分有效和较为安全的方法。     

在院发生与新入院急性心肌梗死的对比分析

目的 对比在院发生急性心肌梗死（AMI）与新入院AMI患者的发病、治疗及预后特点.方法 记录2013年1月至2014年1月中国人民解放军第422医院AMI患者的发病、治疗及预后信息,根据是否为住院期间发生的AMI,分为在院组和新入院组,对比两组基线资料、治疗和预后指标,分析其相关因素.结果 共纳入105例患者,新入院组90例,在院组15例,在院与新入院发生AMI患者的年龄、性别、高血压、糖尿病、高脂血症等比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.在院组患者重要脏器受累较新入院组多（P＜0.001）,其中基础呼吸系统疾病、脑疾病和运动功能不全比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.在院组患者严重电解质紊乱7例（46.7％）,新入院组21例（23.3％）,差异无统计学意义（P=0.058）.在院组患者死亡7例（46.7％）,新入院组死亡6例（6.7％）,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.001）.在院组行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的患者2例（13.3％）,新入院组42例（46.7％）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.027）,症状发作时间过长和家属拒绝为主要原因.结论 与新入院AMI比较,在院患者发生AMI预后差,死亡率高,可能与衰竭器官多、对介入治疗态度消极相关.     

Contemporary percutaneous reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction in the elderly

Elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction have not been specifically studied in the context of a large randomized clinical trial. Estimates of the efficacy of available treatments are gleaned from subset analyses of clinical trials, retrospective analysis and single center experiences. In western countries the population is aging and a disproportionate number of myocardial infarctions occur in the elderly. Usage of appropriate therapy in this age group is becoming increasingly important given the potential for benefit but also the potential for harm. Recent publications have found steady improvement in outcomes in the elderly population utilizing contemporary interventions. (J Geriatr Cardiol 2005;2(1) :48-53).     

Comparison of myocardial perfusion by distal protection before and after primary stenting for acute myocardial infarction: angiographic and clinical results of a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the myocardium-reperfusing effect of a distal protection device, GuardWire Plus (GuardWire Plus), in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). BACKGROUND: Distal embolization may result in reduced myocardial perfusion, increasing the risk of non-Q-wave myocardial infarction and death. Distal protection devices may protect the microcirculation from embolic debris, improving short- and long-term clinical outcomes. METHODS: From February 2002 to July 2003, a total of 341 AMI patients at 22 institutions in Japan were enrolled in the present, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. Patients experiencing AMI within 12 hr of symptom onset, who were considered treatable by stenting and who met the inclusion criteria, were eligible for randomization. Stenting with and without GuardWire Plus was conducted to examine whether the device provides faster and more complete ST-segment resolution, smaller infarct size, and improved myocardial blush score. RESULTS: The rates of slow flow and no-reflow immediately after PCI were 5.3 and 11.4% in the GuardWire Plus and control groups, respectively (P = 0.05). Blush score 3 acquisition rates immediately after PCI were 25.2 and 20.3% in the GuardWire Plus and control groups, respectively (P = 0.26), and the rates at 30 days after PCI were 42.9 and 30.4%, respectively (P = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS: A significant difference was found between the GuardWire Plus and control groups with respect to the total incidence of distal embolization, indicating that GuardWire Plus angiographically improved myocardial perfusion without demonstrating the preventive effect of myocardial damage.     

IL-17与急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌无复流发生的相关性研究

目的 探讨白细胞介素-17（interleukin-17,IL-17）与急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌无复流发生的相关性。方法 选取2016年1月至2017年7月在我院接受经皮冠状动脉介入术治疗的90例急性心肌梗死患者为研究对象,采用ELISA法检测患者血清中IL-17水平,监测患者入院时及术后1h的心电图,并计算ST 段回降幅度。根据经皮冠状动脉介入术中心肌梗死溶栓试验(TIMI)血流分级,将患者分为无复流组（TIMI血流分级≤Ⅱ级）和再灌注组（TIMI血流分级＞Ⅱ级）,分别为29例和61例。结果 无复流组患者术后24h及48h血清IL-17水平均明显高于再灌注组（P<0.05）,且无复流组术后48h血清IL-17水平明显高于术后24h水平（P<0.05）,而再灌注组术后48h血清IL-17水平低于术后24h水平（P＞0.05）;无复流组中心电图ST段迅速回降（STR≥50%）的病例数明显少于再灌注组,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;血清IL-17水平及患者发病至血管再通时间是影响心肌无复流发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 IL-17与急性心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入术后心肌无复流的发生密切相关,患者介入术后IL-17水平,尤其是术后48h水平,可作为诊断心肌无复流的一个评价指标。     

不同剂量替格瑞洛在老年急性心肌梗死病人PCI术后抗血小板治疗中的有效性与安全性

目的比较低剂量替格瑞洛(180 mg负荷量,续贯60 mg每日2次口服)与标准剂量替格瑞洛(180 mg负荷量,续贯90 mg每日2次口服)在老年急性心肌梗死(AMI)病人经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)术后抗PLT治疗中的有效性与安全性。方法研究共入选196例成功接受PCI治疗的老年AMI病人,随机分为低剂量替格瑞洛组和标准剂量替格瑞洛组,详细记录病人住院期间及随访1年的主要不良心脑血管事件(MACCE)与出血事件。结果低剂量替格瑞洛组住院期间及随访至1年MACCE发生率与标准剂量替格瑞洛组相比,差异无统计学意义。住院期间2组小出血(8.4%比18.6%,P=0.061)和大出血发生率(1.1%比2.9%,P=0.622)差异无统计学意义;低剂量替格瑞洛组随访1年小出血发生率显著低于标准剂量替格瑞洛组(16.8%比36.9%,P=0.002),大出血方面2组差异无统计学意义(1.1%比3.9%,P=0.371)。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,低剂量替格瑞洛组1年无MACCE生存率与标准剂量替格瑞洛组相比,差异无统计学意义(P=0.823)。结论AMI病人PCI术后接受小剂量替格瑞洛较常规剂量相比,不增加MACCE事件发生率,同时可降低小出血风险。     

Coronary collateral development after acute myocardial infarction

In 31 patients without a history of preinfarction angina, coronary collateral circulation to the completely obstructed coronary artery was evaluated by coronary angiography during a convalescent period of their first myocardial infarction. Collateral visualization (collateral index) was found to be significantly greater in patients with involvement of the right coronary artery (2.1 +/- 1.1, SD) than in those with obstruction of the left anterior descending coronary artery (1.2 +/- 1.0, p less than 0.05). The time interval from the onset of symptoms of acute myocardial infarction to angiographic evaluation did not affect the extent of collateral visualization or the degree of coronary artery disease. These findings indicate that the collateral vessels develop after acute myocardial infarction regardless of the extent of coronary artery disease and accomplish the proliferative process within one month. It is also suggested that the collateral visualization is dependent on the size of perfusion territory of the infarct-related coronary artery.     

Accelerated plasminogen activator inhibitor may prevent late restenosis after coronary stenting in acute myocardial infarction

BACKGROUND: Although acceleration of plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PA-1) level after emergent coronary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been documented, its pathophysiologic role is still unknown. HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to elucidate the role of PAI-1 in the development of restenosis after primary coronary stenting in AMI. METHODS: We selected for this study 66 patients with AMI, who underwent primary coronary stenting for infarct-related coronary artery lesions in an emergent situation. In all patients, plasma PAI-1 level was measured at admission, and at 3 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 month after coronary stenting. RESULTS: At admission, the PAI-1 level was equivalent in 24 patients who experienced restenosis and in 42 patients without restenosis (28 +/- 4 vs. 29 +/- 4 ng/ml). In patients with restenosis, the levels did not change during the course after coronary stenting. In patients without restenosis, however, the level significantly increased at 3 h (48 +/- 9 ng/ml, p < 0.001), 24 h (42 +/- 9, p < 0.01), and 48 h (38 +/- 7, p < 0.05) after coronary stenting, and was restored to the level equivalent to that at admission (27 +/- 2 ng/ml) I month aftercoronary stenting. The PA-1 level at 3 h after coronary stenting in patients without restenosis was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the level (33 +/- 6 ng/ml) in patients with restenosis. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the PAI-1 level 3 h after coronary stenting was an independent predictor of restenosis (Wald chi2 = 3.826, p = 0.019, odds ratio 0.921, 95% confidence interval 0.866-0.961). CONCLUSION: Accelerated PAI-1 after coronary stenting in patients with AMI may protect against the development of late restenosis.     

延迟冠状动脉介入治疗对急性心肌梗死患者预后的影响

目的探讨延迟经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PC I）对急性心肌梗死（AM I）患者预后的影响。方法对38例ST段抬高的AM I患者经静脉溶栓后常规行延迟PC I（延迟组）,然后与经静脉溶栓后药物保守治疗（对照组）的34例患者进行对比分析,观察住院期间和随访6个月时的临床不良事件和超声心动图的变化。结果与保守治疗比较,常规施行延迟PC I可以降低住院期间的病死率（0%vs15%,P<0.05）,缩短平均住院时间（15 dvs28 d,P<0.05）,减少住院期间心绞痛发作（5%vs35%,P<0.05）及再次心肌梗死（0%vs9%,P<0.05）;还可以明显降低6个月病死率（3%vs12%,P<0.05）和再住院率（8%vs26%,P<0.05）,防止左心室进一步重构,改善患者心脏功能。结论常规施行延迟PC I可以提高AM I患者住院期间和6个月的治疗效果,改善临床预后。     

Coronary revascularization for acute myocardial infarction in the HIV population

Objective

To analyze trends in management and outcomes of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the United States.

Background

Infection with HIV is an independent risk factor for accelerated atherosclerosis associated with higher rates of AMI. Current trends and outcomes of HIV‐infected individuals presenting with AMI in the United States remain unknown.

Methods

Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample database we identified HIV‐infected individuals who underwent PCI for an AMI from 2002 to 2013. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity‐score matching were performed to analyze outcomes.

Results

We identified a total of 59 194 patients of which 7841 underwent PCI during index hospitalization (13.3%). Most patients were men (71%), ≥50 years of age (82%), and white (74%). ST‐elevation myocardial infarction was present in 21% of cases. Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 5.67 ± 0.4. Predictors of post‐procedural complications included female sex, black race, higher CCI, and placement of a bare metal stent, whereas predictors of mortality included occurrence of a complication, ST‐elevation myocardial infarction, age ≥70 years, and higher CCI. Conversely, placement of a drug‐eluting stent was associated with a reduced risk of complications and mortality. After propensity‐score matching, HIV‐infected individuals were less likely to undergo PCI and receive a drug‐eluting stent, while having longer length of stay, higher hospitalization costs, and higher in‐hospital mortality when compared to non‐infected individuals.

Conclusion

Significant disparities continue to affect HIV‐infected individuals undergoing PCI for AMI in the United States.

     

急性心肌梗死直接PCI与溶栓后补救性PCI的对比研究

目的:研究急性心肌梗死后直接经皮冠脉介入治疗(PCI)和溶栓后补救性PCI的临床造影结果和短期预后,观察终点为30天的死亡率。 方法:连续入选150例ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死患者。按溶栓与否分为直接PCI组110例(73.3％)和溶栓后补救性PCI组40例(26.7％),溶栓药物包括重组葡激酶、重组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂、重组纤溶酶原激活剂和尿激酶。分析其临床、造影和预后特点。 结果:与溶栓后补救性PCI组比较,直接PCI组CK和CK-MB峰值低(P<0.05),校正的心肌梗死溶栓临床试验的帧数(corrected TIMI framecounts,CTFC)低(P<0.05),心肌梗死溶栓临床试验心肌灌注分级(TIMI myocardial perfu-sion grades,TMPG)高(P<0.05),死亡率显著降低(P<0.01)。 结论:溶栓后补救性PCI可能使心肌酶增高,死亡率增加。