人工冬虫夏草菌液对大鼠肺纤维化早期抗氧化作用的研究

[摘要] 目的 探讨人工冬虫夏草菌液（虫草菌液）对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化早期抗氧化的作用。方法 48只SD大鼠,随机分为6组：正常对照组,模型组,强的松治疗组,虫草菌液低剂量1.5 g∕(kg·d）,中剂量5 g∕(kg·d）,高剂量10 g∕(kg·d）治疗组。采用气管内注射博莱霉素建立模型,次日起分别给予生理盐水、生理盐水、强的松、虫草菌液（低、中、高剂量）灌胃治疗,第14天处死动物,肺组织标本进行病理形态学观察及肺泡炎评分,肺组织免疫组化检测诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS),肺泡灌洗液（BALF）检测肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α) 、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛(MDA) 含量。结果 虫草菌液和强的松能够减轻肺组织肺泡炎,降低BLAF中TNF-α、MDA含量,提高GSH、SOD含量,下调肺组织iNOS蛋白表达水平。结论 虫草菌液对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化早期肺泡炎有治疗作用,机制可能是通过下调TNF-α、iNOS等细胞因子的表达、减少脂质过氧化物的释放而达到抗氧化作用。     

阿魏酸乙酯对博莱霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化的保护作用

目的：观察阿魏酸乙酯（EF）对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化的保护作用.方法：将60只SD大鼠,随机分为5组,对照组、模型组、3个不同EF剂量给药组.大鼠博莱霉素气管给药建立肺纤维化模型后,采用EF灌胃给药进行治疗,于第1,2周后处死动物,肺组织匀浆进行超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力、丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）含量检测,同时对肺组织进行病理学检查,以比较不同组别肺纤维化程度.结果：与模型组相比,EF治疗组中肺组织匀浆MDA,TNF-α含量降低,而SOD活力及GSH含量显著增高,且具有一定的剂量效应关系,病理学显示EF治疗组肺纤维化程度较未治疗组明显减轻.结论：阿魏酸乙酯对博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化具有一定的保护作用.     

中药肺宁对实验性肺纤维化的保护作用

目的:观察中药肺宁对博莱霉素(BL)诱导的实验性小鼠肺纤维化的保护作用.方法:以博莱霉素气管内注射建立肺纤维化模型后,第2日始分别进行龙胆花、三七总甙(PNS)、强的松和肺宁灌胃治疗,于给药第7,56日处死动物,左肺组织行病理组织学检查,右肺组织匀浆进行超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力及羟脯氨酸(Hp)含量检测.结果:与博莱霉素对照组相比:各治疗组肺泡炎和肺纤维化的程度均明显减轻;7 d时龙胆花、肺宁、强的松组肺组织匀浆SOD活力均非常显著地增高(P＜0.01),PNS组效果较差(P＞0.05);56 d时各治疗组Hp含量均非常显著地降低(P＜0.01).56 d时肺宁组Hp含量与正常组无显著性差异.结论:PNS和龙胆花水煎液均可以提高SOD的活性,改善氧化/抗氧化平衡,抑制胶原沉积,保护肺组织免受纤维化损伤.肺宁对肺的保护作用非常显著.     

虎杖对肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中SOD、GSH、MDA的影响

目的：通过观察虎杖干预后肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性及谷胱甘肽（GSH）、丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,探讨虎杖防治肺纤维化的作用机制。方法健康雄性SD大鼠120只,随机分为5组：模型组30只,气管内一次性注入博莱霉素50.5mg/100g制作肺纤维化大鼠模型,当日予0.9%氯化钠溶液5ml/100g灌胃;预防组30只,于造模前2d开始予虎杖5ml/100g灌胃;肺泡炎组20只,于造模后第7天开始虎杖灌胃;肺纤维化组10只,于造模后第28天开始虎杖灌胃;对照组30只,于造模当日开始0.9%氯化钠溶液5ml/100g灌胃。各组大鼠灌胃均1次/d。5组大鼠分别于第3、7、14、28、42或56天分阶段处死5只,取肺组织制成匀浆,测定SOD活性及GSH、MDA的含量。结果模型组第3、7、14天肺组织中SOD活性及GSH含量低于对照组（均P＜0.05）,预防组上述指标较模型组升高（P＜0.05或0.01）,肺泡炎组、肺纤维化组与模型组的差异均无统计学意义（均P＞0.05）。模型组第7、14天肺组织中MDA含量明显高于对照组和预防组（均P＜0.05）。结论虎杖能通过增强肺组织局部抗氧化能力,减轻博莱霉素诱导的肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度,可能是治疗肺纤维化的有效药物。     

依那普利对博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的影响

目的探讨依那普利对博来霉素致肺纤维化大鼠肺组织中细胞因子和肺纤维化的影响。方法 60只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、低剂量依那普利组、中剂量依那普利组、高剂量依那普利组和泼尼松对照组,每组10只。博来霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化模型。对各组大鼠进行肺泡炎、肺纤维化半定量评分,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、干扰素-γ(INF-γ)、白细胞介素(IL)-1、IL-2、IL-4和IL-6含量,肺组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量,BALF和血清中间质金属蛋白酶(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-1(TIMP-1)的浓度,以及肺组织中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)m-RNA的表达。结果依那普利剂量依赖性地降低博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化大鼠的肺纤维化评分和肺泡炎评分(P<0.05);降低大鼠BALF中TGF-β1、IL-1、IL-2、IL-4、IL-6的含量(P<0.05),并升高INF-γ含量(P<0.05);升高肺组织中SOD含量(P<0.05),并降低MDA和HYP含量(P<0.05);降低血清及BLAF中MMP-9、TMP-1的含量,降低MMP-9/TMP-1值(P<0.05);降低肺组织TNF-αm-RNA的表达(P<0.05)。结论依那普利可以有效抑制博来霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化。     

补阳还五汤防治特发性肺纤维化的作用及机制探讨

目的探讨补阳还五汤治疗博莱霉素致大鼠特发性肺纤维化药效学作用机制。方法将SD雄性大鼠144只随机分为空白组、博莱霉素组、强的松组(0.004 2 g/kg)和补阳还五汤大、中、小剂量(27.32、13.66、6.83 g/kg)组,每组24只。除空白组外其余各组均采用一次性气管注射博莱霉素法诱导肺纤维化模型。造模后24 h给予相应药物,分别于第7、14、28天随机抽取各组8只大鼠进行股动脉放血处死,收集支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织,采用HE染色法观察肺组织肺泡炎程度,酶联免疫法(ELISA法)检测BALF中早期炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和晚期炎性因子高迁移率族蛋白1(HMGB1)的水平。结果与空白组比较,博莱霉素组肺泡隔纤维增生灶增多,肺实质结构破坏,各时间点博莱霉素组大鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量升高(P0.05);与博莱霉素组比较,补阳还五汤大、中、小剂量组肺泡炎均有不同程度的改善,补阳还五汤各剂量组均能降低大鼠BALF中TNF-α、IL-1β、HMGB1含量。结论补阳还五汤能够有效降低博莱霉素所致的肺纤维化大鼠BALF炎性指标IL-1β、TNF-α、HMGB1的浓度,改善肺泡炎症,进而抑制肺纤维化。     

布洛芬对小鼠肺纤维化的保护作用

  目的 研究布洛芬对博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化的治疗保护作用。方法 通过气管内滴注博莱霉素复制小鼠肺纤维化模型,实验分为正常对照组、模型组、布洛芬5 mg/kg治疗组、布洛芬10 mg/kg治疗组和布洛芬20 mg/kg治疗组。采集血清行一氧化氮（NO）化学法检测小鼠血清中NO含量;收集肺泡灌洗液行ELISA方法测定肿瘤坏死因子（TNF-α）和白细胞介素6（IL-6）含量;留取肺组织行HE染色观察各组小鼠肺组织形态变化,制备肺组织匀浆测定匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）含量;采用RT-PCR和Western blot方法检测肺组织中转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、Smad2和p-Smad2的表达水平。结果 与正常对照组比较,肺纤维化模型组肺组织中发生炎性细胞浸润、肺泡间隔增厚情况,同时血清中NO含量和肺泡灌洗液中炎性因子TNF-α和IL-6含量显著增加,小鼠肺组织中MDA含量也有所增加,TGF-β1和p-Smad2的表达显著升高。经布洛芬给药治疗后,各项生化指标有所下降,同时肺纤维化损伤得以缓解。结论 布洛芬可缓解由博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化,其作用机制可能与下调NO含量、TNF-α和IL-6等炎性因子含量及调控TGF-β信号通路有关。     

还原型谷胱甘肽对大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用

目的探讨不同浓度的还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)对大鼠肺纤维化的抗氧化干预作用并与传统激素进行比较。方法将健康的SD大鼠108只随机分为对照组、模型组、地塞米松干预组、小剂量GSH干预组、中剂量GSH干预组和大剂量GSH干预组,每组18只。除对照组外,其余组大鼠均经气管内注入博来霉素制造肺纤维化模型,根据组别予以相应的地塞米松或不同剂量GSH干预。各组分别于造模后第7、14、28 d随机抽取6只处死。通过HE染色、Masson胶原染色分析肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度,并通过比色法检测各组测肺组织匀浆GSH、羟脯氨酸、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)浓度。结果在造模第7 d和14 d时,模型组和干预组大鼠肺泡炎程度较对照组显著增加(P0.05),第28 d时干预组肺纤维化程度均较模型组显著减轻(P0.05)。第7 d时模型组肺组织GSH含量显著低于对照组(P0.05),干预组较模型组显著升高(P0.05),地塞米松干预组和小剂量GSH干预组显著低于对照组(P0.05),大剂量GSH干预组显著高于地塞米松干预组(P0.05)。造模后第7、14、28 d地塞米松干预组和GSH干预组羟脯氨酸含量较模型组显著降低(P0.05),第14 d时中、高剂量GSH干预组显著低于地塞米松干预组(P0.05)。与对照组比较,模型组各时间点肺组织匀浆液中SOD和GSH-Px水平均显著降低(P0.05),给予不同剂量GSH干预后,肺组织匀浆SOD及GSH-Px水平较模型组显著增加(P0.05)。结论还原型GSH能显著降低大鼠肺纤维化程度,但与地塞米松比较其效果并无明显优势。     

氨茶碱对平阳霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用

目的:探讨氨茶碱对平阳霉素诱发的大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用及机制.方法:48只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组和氨茶碱组,每组16只.后2组气管内滴入平阳霉素(5 mg·kg-1)制备肺纤维化模型,滴入前1d分别经腹腔注入生理盐水和氨茶碱溶液(60 mg·kg-1),对照组仅给予生理盐水;气管内滴药后第7 d、28 d分2批处理动物,收集血浆、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)和肺组织标本.肺组织病理切片行HE和Masson染色,观察肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度;光镜下计数BALF中炎症细胞的数量;根据血浆与BALF上清中总蛋白的含量计算肺通透系数.采用放免法测定BALF中肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平和血浆中环腺嘌呤单核苷酸(cAMP)浓度,比色法测定肺匀浆中丙二醛(MDA)和羟脯氨酸(HYP)水平.结果:第7 d,模型组肺泡炎明显,氨茶碱组病变较轻微;模型组BALF中炎症细胞总数、肺通透系数均高于对照组和氨茶碱组(P＜0.01);模型组BALF中TNF-α活性和肺匀浆中MDA和HYP水平均高于对照组,氨茶碱组以上各指标均较模型组降低(P＜0.05或0.01).第28 d,模型组出现肺纤维化和蜂窝肺,氨茶碱组病变明显减轻.模型组肺匀浆HYP水平明显高于氨茶碱组;但氨茶碱组血浆中cAMP浓度不论第7 d、28 d均高于模型组.结论:氨茶碱对平阳霉素诱发的肺纤维化有阻断作用,其机制可能与增加cAMP从而缓解肺泡炎有关.     

依达拉奉对百草枯中毒大鼠肺损伤的保护作用

目的 自由基清除剂依达拉奉(Edaravone)在临床用于治疗急性脑梗死,其抗氧化作用亦可保护肺损伤.文中研究探讨依达拉奉对急性百草枯(Paraquat, PQ)中毒致大鼠肺损伤的保护作用.方法 72只SD大鼠随机分为空白对照组、染毒组和依达拉奉治疗组.空白对照组:8只,一次性给予与染毒组等量的等渗盐水;染毒组:32只,一次性腹腔注射百草枯溶液18mg/kg,染毒后不进行任何治疗;依达拉奉治疗组:32只,PQ染毒后即刻给予依达拉奉腹腔注射6mg/kg,1次/d,连续7d,每组按1、3、5和7d分为4个观察时段,测定不同时段大鼠肺组织匀浆与支气管肺泡灌洗液(bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, BALF)中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)活力和组织匀浆中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX)活力,以及肺组织匀浆和支气管肺泡灌洗液中的白细胞介素-6(interleukin, IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α)的含量,并观察3组大鼠的肺损伤表现及光镜下肺组织的病理学改变.结果 染毒组各时段的大鼠肺组织匀浆和BALF中的MDA含量较空白对照组明显升高,SOD、GSH-PX活力下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);肺组织匀浆和BALF中的IL-6、TNF-α均较空白对照组明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).依达拉奉治疗组与染毒组比较,各时段大鼠肺组织匀浆和BALF中MDA含量下降,SOD活力升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);BALF中的GSH-PX升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);肺组织匀浆和BALF中的IL-6、TNF-α的含量也有不同程度降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).依达拉奉治疗后光镜下肺损伤的表现较染毒组减轻,未观察到早期纤维化改变.结论 依达拉奉是一种新型的自由基清除剂,能减轻百草枯中毒后氧自由基损伤,抑制脂质过氧化反应,降低肺损伤早期的炎症介质水平,改善百草枯中毒后所引起的弥漫性肺损伤,可能成为一种新的治疗急性PQ中毒的药物.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.