普伐他汀对胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠左室重量的影响

目的：探讨普伐他汀对高蔗糖饲料喂养诱导的胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠左室重量的影响及其可能机制。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠被分成3组：（1）胰岛素抵抗组（IR组,10只）：高蔗糖饲料喂养12周;（2）普伐他汀组（P组,10只）：高蔗糖饲料喂养12周,后4周每只每天加普伐他汀smg／kg灌喂;（3）正常对照组（5只）：普通饲料喂养12周。12周后量血压、断尾留取血标本检测血糖、血脂、血清胰岛素水平;处死动物,留取心肌标本检测左室相对重量（LVRW）、心肌内皮素（ET）和血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）水平。结果：与对照组比较,IR组大鼠LVRW、心肌ET和AngⅡ水平明显升高,而胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）则明显降低（P均〈0．01）;体重和血压差异没有显著性（P〉0．05）。普伐他汀干预后的Wistar大鼠除了血压、心肌AngⅡ水平无显著差异外,心肌ET水平,LVRW均较IR组明显减少．胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）则明显回升（P〈0．01）。结论：普伐他汀可改善胰岛素抵抗Wistar大鼠的左室肥厚．其机制可能与改善胰岛索抵抗及减少局部心肌ET水平有关。     

孤立性腹腔干与肠系膜上动脉夹层二例并文献复习

目的 探讨孤立性腹腔干及肠系膜上动脉(SMA)夹层的诊断及治疗方法.方法 收集中山大学附属第三医院收治的2例孤立性腹腔干并SMA夹层的临床资料,并结合文献报道的119例病例,对孤立性内脏动脉夹层(IDVA)的诊断及治疗方法进行分析总结.结果 119例IDVA中69例存在相关症状,全部病例均由增强CT或MRI检查确诊.发现IDVA后,采取外科治疗8例,支架置入术5例,保守治疗106例,均取得满意疗效.本组2例患者亦由CT检查发现,并经血管造影证实,1例行降压、抗凝治疗,1例行支架置入术,随访中均无不适.结论 腹腔增强CT或MRI检查是诊断IDVA的主要方法.大部分IDVA可选择保守治疗,但需密切CT随访病变情况;对于动脉破裂、管腔阻塞及保守治疗中夹层进展者,需行腔内介入治疗或外科手术治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of isolated celiac artery (CA) dissection and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) dissection.MethodsIntegrating clinical data of 119 cases with isolated dissection of the visceral arteries ( IDVA ) reported in literature and 2 patients with spontaneous isolated dissections of both CA and SMA treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University,the diagnosis and treatment of IDVA were analyzed retrospectively.Results Among 119 cases reported in the literature,69 cases were symptomatic.All of the cases were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced abdominal CT or MRI.After IDVA was discovered,surgical treatment and endovascular stent placement was performed in 8 and 5 patients respectively,although the remaining 106 patients were managed conservatively with good results.In our 2 cases,the diagnosis of CA and SMA dissection was established by contrastenhanced CT and confirmed by conventional angiograghy.One patient was treated with anticoagulation and antihypertension,and the other patient was treated with endovascular stenting.Both of the patients didn't have discomfort during the follow-up period of 12 and 3 months respectively.ConclusionsContrastenhanced abdominal CT is the main tool for detection of IDVA.Most of the patients with IDVA can be managed conservatively,but close surveillance with imaging studies is necessary for early recognition of dissection progression.Patients with persistent or relapsed symptoms,and dissection progression,should undergo surgical or endovascular treatment.     

两种处理方法的饲料饲喂Wistar大鼠繁育情况分析

采用60Co辐照灭菌处理的饲料与132℃ 8 min真空高压消毒处理的饲料进行Wistar大鼠饲养繁育对比试验,为评价两种灭菌方法处理的饲料对Wistar大鼠繁殖、生长的影响提供科学依据.     

大鼠腹腔异位心脏移植模型的复制

用改进方法复制大鼠腹腔内异位心脏移植模型。Wistar大鼠做供体 ,SD大鼠做受体 ,在 10倍手术显微镜下施行腹腔内异位心脏移植术。采用一次性集束结扎法取心 ,连续缝合法 ,行端侧血管吻合。吻合血管时控制室温 15℃。手术成功率为 90 % ,供心总缺血时间 35± 6min。     

肝硬变患者腹腔动脉及分支的血流动力学研究

应用彩色多普勒测量１１５例正常人与４６例肝硬变患者的腹腔动脉,肝动脉、脾动脉内径及其血流参数。结果显示,正常人男女之间的肝血流动力学参数无明显差异。肝硬变患者与正常人比较,其腹腔动脉变粗,血流量增多;肝动脉流速变慢,血流量减少;脾动脉粗,血流量增多。认为肝硬变患者腹腔动脉、肝动脉、脾因流动力学发生了明显变化。     

失神经支配的Wistar大鼠肌肉运动终板氯化金染色

临床或实验过程中经常需要确定肌肉组织神经支配情况，如神经元病变或神经损伤导致的肌肉失神经支配程度判定。传统的方法是测定神经及肌肉电活动，但缺少形态学依据。本实验将正常神经支配的肌肉运动终板染色加以改良。成功地完成了变性运动终板染色，以便为神经源性肌肉麻痹的诊断提供一种简单有效的诊断及实验方法。     

不同剂量碘酸钾与碘化钾治疗Wistar大鼠缺碘性甲状腺肿效果观察

目的探讨不同剂量碘酸钾和碘化钾治疗Wistar大鼠缺碘性甲状腺肿的效果。方法选取80只健康Wistar大鼠,随机分为A组(70只)和B组(10只)。A组大鼠产生明显甲状腺肿后将其随机分为7组,每组10只。在成功复制缺碘性甲状腺肿大鼠动物模型后,以单倍碘(0.26mg/L)、5倍和50倍的碘酸钾和碘化钾六种方法补碘,分别在1、3个月后检测大鼠绝对和相对甲状腺重量、尿碘含量、组织碘含量、细胞面积/视场面积和胶质面积/视场面积情况。结果各KI组和KIO3组大鼠的绝对和相对甲状腺重量均显著低于对照组,高于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);50倍KI组和50倍KIO_3组大鼠的甲状腺绝对和相对重量显著高于其他KI组和KIO_3组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各KI组和KIO_3组大鼠的尿碘水平显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);不同补碘水平间的尿碘水平比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);同一补碘水平的KI组和KIO_3组尿碘水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各组补碘3个月的尿碘水平均显著高于补碘1个月,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各KI组和KIO_3组大鼠的甲状腺组织碘含量显著高于对照组,低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。各KI组和KIO_3组的细胞面积/视场面积显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);在补碘后3个月后,50倍KI组和50倍KIO_3组的细胞面积/视场面积显著低于其余各KI组和KIO3组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);各KI组和KIO_3组的胶质面积/视场面积显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论不同剂量碘酸钾和碘化钾均可有效纠正缺碘性甲状腺肿,相同补碘剂量之间的效果相似,而大剂量补碘会损伤甲状腺,适量KIO_3对于纠正碘缺乏具有较好效果,且安全性高。     

门静脉高压症断流术前后腹腔动脉及其分支的血流动力学研究

门静脉高压症 ( PH)与肝硬变密切相关 ,其并发症多系肝硬变引起的门静脉系及体循环血流动力学变化所致 ,由其引起的上消化道曲张静脉出血( EVB)治疗相当困难 ,目前尚无理想而有效的止血方法。我们对 43例 PH患者断流术前后的血流动力学进行了观察 ,旨在探讨断流术治疗 PH的合理性。1　资料与方法　　本组男 31例 ,女 1 2例 ;年龄 1 7～ 60岁 ,平均 40岁。肝功能 Child分级 A级 1 7例、B级 2 3例、C级 3例。既往有 1次出血 1 5例、2次出血 1 6例、3次以上出血 5例 ,7例无出血史。均行门奇静脉断流术。手术方法 :常规切除脾脏 ,同时离断…     

氟砷联合染毒对Wistar大鼠子代皮毛影响的研究

为探讨氟砷联合作用对动物皮毛的影响,我们采用了两代一窝繁殖试验,观察亲代动物接触氟砷后子代皮毛中砷含量的变化,并用扫描电镜观察其超微结构的变化,结果显示：皮毛中砷含量随染毒剂量的增加而增加,扫描电镜观察发现毛小皮出现明显的病理变化,主要表现为毛小皮的破损和赘生物的形成,但两代子代之间这些变化没有明显差异,这说明氟砷可使动物皮毛发生明显的变化,其作用机制有待进一步研究。     

Wistar大鼠乳鼠与成年鼠心室肌细胞的分离与性质鉴定

目的 探索和优化稳定的适于电生理实验研究的乳鼠及成年大鼠心室肌细胞分离方法。方法 切碎乳鼠心室肌,胰蛋白酶消化,差速贴壁2 h纯化心室肌细胞,台盼蓝染色判定心肌细胞活力,体外培养48 h后分别行倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫组化鉴定,微电极阵列记录细胞搏动频率和场电位。采用Langendorff灌流成年大鼠心脏,主动脉逆行插管,胶原酶域反复灌流消化约30 min,无钙台氏液冲洗心脏5 min,剪下心室肌组织,台氏液中室温下剪碎,吹打,孵育5 min后,用200目筛网过滤,将细胞悬液用逐步复钙法复钙后,室温静置1 h,用于膜片钳记录。结果 经4 -6次消化后,乳鼠心室组织消化完全,细胞存活率大于80%。倒置显微镜下观察,细胞呈梭形、多角形。 12 h有少部分细胞搏动,48 h细胞交织成网,搏动呈同步性,搏动频率30 - 80次/分。 琢鄄辅肌动蛋白（琢鄄actin）经免疫组化检测,纯度达96%。 Langendorff灌流酶解法可获得形态呈杆状、横纹清晰、膜周边光滑完整、立体感强的单个成年鼠心肌细胞,存活率85%,复钙后存活率50%,可用于膜片钳记录。结论 采用本方法可以获得高产量与高质量的用于电生理检测的心室肌细胞。     

Aneurysm of the coeliac trunk. A case report

Aneurysm of the coeliac artery is a rare vascular problem. The most serious clinical complication of coeliac artery aneurysm is rupture. Because of this, surgery is traditionally recommended. This paper presents a case of a coeliac artery aneurysm treated by open surgery.     

Alterations of the internal elastic membrane in the coeliac trunk and its branches.

Changes in the internal elastic membrane of the coeliac trunk and its branches begin in the foetus. Usually these changes increase with advancing age. The intensity of involvement varies in different arteries, localized swelling is of particular importance as a measure of atherosclerotic involvement. There is a close relationship between morphology and chemical structure.     

实验性大鼠结核病模型的特点

目的　探讨感染了结核菌的Wistar大鼠的实验特点。方法 用标准人型结核菌株H₃₇Rv 0.01mg经尾静脉注入Wistar大鼠,6周后剖杀大鼠,观察肺、肝、脾组织大体病变及镜下特点,肺组织匀浆培养有无结核菌落生长。结果 实验组大鼠肺组织可见明显的结核病变,感染成功率100%,肝、脾组织无结核病变。结论 Wistar大鼠对结核菌敏感,可作为结核病实验的动物模型。     

酮替芬对Wistar大鼠动脉粥样硬化的干预研究

目的观察酮替芬(Ket)对动脉粥样硬化形成的干预作用。方法将40只雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为4组,即A组[高脂+维生素D_3(VitD_3)]、B组[高脂+VitD_3+Ket]、C组[高脂+VitD_3+卵蛋白(OVA)]和D组(高脂+VitD_3+OVA+Ket)。A组常规建立动脉粥样硬化模型,C组在常规高脂的基础上加用OVA激活肥大细胞建立动脉粥样硬化模型,B、D两组分别在A、C组建立动脉粥样硬化的过程中给予Ket干预。实验完毕后,分别对A、B组以及C、D组斑块病理形态及斑块中肥大细胞的分布情况进行比较。结果 (1)A、C组动脉粥样硬化病理改变分别较B、D组为重,可见典型AS及不稳定AS改变;B、D组Ket药物干预达到预期效果;(2)动脉粥样硬化斑块中的肥大细胞分布密度A组比B组:5.00±1.41比2.88±1.25,P<0.05;C组比D组:8.00±1.29比5.86±2.03,P<0.05,差异均有统计学意义;(3)实验结束时测定大鼠血清白介素(IL)-6水平,A组比B组:(60.18±8.15)ng/L比(41.52±6.71)ng/L,P<0.05;C组比D组:(90.66±8.18)ng/L比(68.32±5.92)ng/L,P<0.05,差异均有统计学意义。结论高脂+VitD_3+OVA能够建立较为成熟、更符合人类动脉粥样硬化病理形态的大鼠模型;肥大细胞在动脉粥样硬化的形成中有着重要作用,是动脉粥样硬化形成的重要炎症细胞;全身性的肥大细胞活化对斑块形成有促进作用;Ket有抑制炎症因子活化的作用,对斑块形成及失稳定有预防作用。     

Aging-related changes of optic nerve of Wistar albino rats

Aging is a biological phenomenon that involves an increase of oxidative stress associated with gradual degradation of the structure and function of the optic nerve. Gender differences and subsequent deterioration of optic nerve are an interesting topic, especially because there is little published work concerning it. One hundred male and female Wistar albino rats'' with ages 1, 6, 18, 24, and 30 months (n = 20 equal for male and female) were used. At the time interval, optic nerve was investigated by light and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), assessments of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismustase, and glutathione-S-transferase), caspase 3 and 7, malondialdhyde, flow cytometry of DNA, annexin v, and CD8, immunochemistry of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, and CD45, and single-strand DNA fragmentation. Light and TEM observations of the older specimens (24 and 30 months) revealed apparent deterioration of optic nerve axons, abundant oligodendrocytes with pyknotic nuclei, swollen astrocytes, angiogenesis, vacuolar degeneration, and mitochondrial damage. Females were highly susceptible to aging processes. Concomitantly, there was a marked reduction of antioxidant''s enzymes and an increase of lipid peroxidation and apoptotic markers. Old age exhibited a marked increase of G1 apoptosis, UR and LR of annexin V and CD8 as well as increased immuno-positive reaction with VEGR, CD31 and CD45. We conclude that aging contributed to an increase of oxidative stress resulting from damage of mitochondria in axons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Age-related loss of optic nerve axons is associated with multifactorial agents including reduction in antioxidant enzymes, disruption of vasculature, astrocyte, and oligodendrocyte, demyelination, and damage of mitochondria, which enhance the liberation of reactive oxygen species as assessed by an increase of apoptotic markers malondialdhyde and caspase 3 and 7.     

Memory-enhancing activity of Anacyclus pyrethrum in albino Wistar rats

ObjectiveTo explore the potential effect of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum (A. pyrethrum) in memory dysfunction.MethodsMemory impairment was produced by administration of scopolamine (1mg/kg i. p) in rats. Passive avoidance paradigms, elevated plus maze and social learning task was used to assess learning and memory.ResultsA. pyrethrum extract treated group decreased transfer latency in elevated plus maze model paradigm which is an indicative of cognition improvement. In case of passive avoidance paradigm extract treated group exhibited prounced effect in reversal of scopolamine induced amnesia which was revealed by increase in step down latency. Social learning task also revealed the memory enhancing activity of A. pyrethrum extract.ConclusionEthanolic extract of A. pyrethrum has been demonstrated to improve cognitive processes by enhancing memory in different experimental paradigms such as passive avoidance paradigms, elevated plus maze and social learning task when administered orallyBrain cholinesterase level was measured to assess central cholinergic activity. The treatment with drugs, which increase cholinergic neurotransmission, causes an improvement in cognitive deficits. The present study suggest that ethanolic extract of A. pyrethrum increased brain cholinesterase level and hence it possess memory enhancing activity in scopolamine induced amnesia model by enhancing central cholinergic neurotransmission.     

Renal protective effect of troglitazone in Wistar fatty rats

Although it is known that renal injury develops in obesity and diabetes mellitus, there have been no investigations examining the impact of insulin resistance per se on the development of renal injury. The present study was undertaken to examine whether insulin resistance and obesity influence urinary protein excretion (UPE) in female heminephrectomized Wistar fatty rats (WFRs). After 24 weeks of heminephrectomy in WFRs, the body weight ([BW], 465+/-18 g; n = 6), blood pressure (155+/-5 mm Hg), serum insulin to glucose ratio (1.31+/-0.39 microU/mg), and daily UPE (24+/-7 mg/d) were greater versus Wistar lean rats ([WLRs] 258+/-8 g, 134+/-1 mm Hg, 0.19+/-0.06 microU/mg, and 5+/-1 mg/d, respectively; n = 6), whereas blood glucose levels did not increase significantly. In WFRs, long-term (ie, 24 weeks) treatment with troglitazone, an insulin-sensitizing agent, improved the serum insulin to glucose ratio (0.17+/-0.09 microU/mg), reduced blood pressure (to 140+/-4 mm Hg), and decreased UPE (to 7+/-1 mg/d), although it had no effect on BW. Of note, with troglitazone treatment, the reduction in proteinuria preceded the correction of hypertension (ie, at week 12). In conclusion, our study suggests that insulin resistance per se causes proteinuria that does not appear to depend on blood pressure. Furthermore, long-term therapy with troglitazone may be a useful tool for the treatment of renal injury in the insulin-resistant condition.     

B cell lymphoproliferation in spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats

Summary Ninety-six spontaneously diabetic BB Wistar rats were maintained for their natural life span and, at death, were autopsied together with 86 age- and sex-matched non-diabetic BB control rats. A 15% incidence of abdominal B cell lymphoproliferative lesions was documented in the diabetic rats compared with 1% incidence in the non-diabetic rats (p<0.005). The B cell lymphoproliferative process included minute mesenteric and omental aggregates of plasma cells and small lymphocytes (one rat), atypical partially fibrotic lymphoproliferative mesenteric nodules (three rats), and malignant lymphoma with features of immunoblastic sarcoma (eight rats) or plasma cell lymphoma (two rats). Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin was demonstrated in two of the four lymphomas examined by the peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique, thus confirming their B cell derivation. The striking incidence of B cell lymphoproliferation in this diabetic population is additional evidence of altered immunity in this animal model of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.     

Reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior following intravenous self-administration in Wistar rats

BACKGROUND: In animal models of alcoholism, subjects are traditionally trained to self-administer ethanol via the oral route. However, ethanol is also self-administered intravenously (IV), a paradigm which offers several advantages over oral self-administration methods, including immediate delivery to the bloodstream, more rapid onset of pharmacological effects, and elimination of the need to utilize tastants or sweeteners to mask the aversive orosensory properties of ethanol. However, no studies to date have examined reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior in animals with a history of IV ethanol self-administration. METHODS: Male Wistar rats were implanted with indwelling jugular vein catheters and trained to self-administer ethanol IV (1% v/v solution, equivalent to 1 mg/kg) in an operant lever-pressing paradigm in twice daily 1 hour sessions. Each IV delivery of ethanol was paired with presentation of a light-tone complex stimulus. After stabilization of response patterns, IV self-administration behavior was subjected to extinction procedures. Next, animals were exposed to the three types of stimuli known to reinstate ethanol-seeking behavior: presentation of ethanol-associated cues, a priming dose of ethanol (0.5 g/kg i.p.), or exposure to stress via administration of the anxiogenic compound yohimbine (2.5 mg/kg i.p.) or its corresponding vehicle. RESULTS: During the maintenance phase of self-administration, animals exhibited significantly more presses on the lever that delivered the ethanol solution than the inactive lever, indicating that IV ethanol functioned as a positive reinforcer. Following extinction, it was found that ethanol-seeking behavior could be reinstated by all three types of stimuli (cues, ethanol priming, and yohimbine). Vehicle injection did not affect responding on either lever. CONCLUSIONS: Ethanol serves as a reinforcer when self-administered IV, and following extinction, ethanol-seeking behavior can be reinstated by ethanol-associated cues, ethanol priming, or a pharmacological stressor. Thus, reinstatement of ethanol-seeking behavior in animals with a history of IV ethanol self-administration may be a novel animal model of relapse.