CTA在不同冠心病亚组中的诊断价值

目的评价CT冠状动脉成像（CTA）在不同冠心病亚组中的诊断价值。方法分别利用CTA（采用64层螺旋CT）与冠状动脉造影（CAG）对冠状动脉狭窄程度与冠脉内斑块性质进行对比分析,评价CTA与CAG的诊断符合率,并探讨稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、非ST段抬高性心肌梗死的斑块性质差异及临床意义。结果与CAG相比,CTA在显示冠状动脉病变的敏感性为96．96％,特异性为93．76％,假阴性率3．04％,假阳性率为6．24％,阳性预测值90．25％,阴性预测值为98．11％;以CAG为标准,CTA在显示冠脉斑块的整体符合率为85％;稳定型心绞痛（SAP）、不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）、非sT段抬高性心肌梗死（NSTEMI）的钙化斑块比例顺次降低,而混合斑块与软斑块比例顺次升高。结论CTA与CAG的诊断符合率较高,可用于诊断冠脉病变,并可对冠脉斑块性质作出初步诊断。     

动态心电图对冠心病的诊断价值与核素心肌断层显影及冠脉造影的对比

本文对３６例临床确诊为冠心病患者进行２４ｈ动态心电图（ＤＣＧ）检查，并与９９ｍＴＣ－ＭＩＢＩ心肌灌注断层显影（心肌ＥＣＴ）、常规心电图（ＥＣＧ）及冠脉造影（ＣＡＧ）检查作对比分析。结果显示:ＤＣＧ发现心肌缺血２６例，检出率为７２．２％，较ＥＣＧ（１７例）的检出率（４７．２０％）高，经统计学处理，二者有显著差异（Ｐ＜０．０５）。心肌ＥＣＴ表现为放射性心肌缺损或稀疏者占３１例，检出率为８６．１％。３６例患者经ＣＡＧ检查，有３３例造影成功，其中冠脉狭窄≥５０％者２７例（８１．８％）。本文对２６例经ＤＣＧ检查发现有心肌缺血患者和ＣＡＧ检查结果作对比，显示ＤＣＧ所见的缺血范围和严重程度与ＣＡＧ所见病变的部位和受累程度，多数相符合；而与心肌ＥＣＴ作对比观察，提示有７３．０％患者，其ＤＣＧ缺血部位和心肌之放射性稀疏或缺损区所分布的部位也基本相似。因此，动态心电图检查对判断有否心肌缺血和估计冠脉病变部位及严重程度，可提供有价值的参考资料。     

128层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像与选择性冠状动脉造影诊断冠心病价值的比较

目的 评价128层螺旋CT(MSCT)冠状动脉成像诊断冠状动脉疾病的价值.方法 对临床怀疑或确诊冠心病的非选择性连续78例患者进行128层MSCT冠状动脉成像,其中有15例患者既往置入冠状动脉支架.以选择性冠状动脉造影结果作为评价标准,探讨128层MSCT在诊断冠状动脉疾病及评价支架后再狭窄的临床价值.结果 基于冠状动脉血管节段分析,879个冠状动脉节段中有821节段(93%)进入统计学分析,128层MSCT诊断冠状动脉病变的敏感性87%,特异性97%,阳性预测值83%,阴性预测值97%.对15例共置入22个支架的患者中,有4个(18%)支架MSCT图像显示支架伪影,图像模糊,未能判断支架内血管腔通畅情况,其余18个支架MSCT结果与选择性冠状动脉造影比较,MSCT诊断支架再狭窄的敏感性为100%,特异性77%,阳性预测值63%,阴性预测值100%.结论 128层MSCT冠状动脉成像对冠状动脉疾病的诊断和支架再狭窄的评价具有较高价值,可以作为一项无创检查技术用于对临床怀疑为冠心病的患者进行筛查.     

Safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography vs. standard coronary angiography

Objective: To determine the safety and efficacy of dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) by directly comparing it to standard coronary angiography (SA). Background: Standard coronary angiography (SA) requires numerous fixed static images of the coronary tree and has multiple well‐documented limitations. Dual‐axis rotational coronary angiography (DARCA) is a new rotational acquisition technique that entails simultaneous LAO/RAO and cranial/caudal gantry movement. This technological advancement obtains numerous unique images of the left or right coronary tree with a single coronary injection. We sought to assess the safety and efficacy of DARCA as well as determine DARCA's adequacy for CAD screening and assessment. Methods: Thirty patients underwent SA following by DARCA. Contrast volume, radiation dose (DAP) and procedural time were recorded for each method to assess safety. For DARCA acquisitions, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), symptoms and any arrhythmias were recorded. All angiograms were reviewed for CAD screening adequacy by two independent invasive cardiologists. Results: Compared to SA, use of DARCA was associated with a 51% reduction in contrast, 35% less radiation exposure, and 18% shorter procedural time. Both independent reviewers noted DARCA to be at least equivalent to SA with respect to the ability to screen for CAD. Conclusion: DARCA represents a new angiographic technique which is equivalent in terms of image quality and is associated with less contrast use, radiation exposure, and procedural time than SA. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

64层CT冠状动脉成像技术和冠状动脉造影对冠状动脉疾病诊断的对照研究

目的比较64层计算机断层摄影扫描冠状动脉成像技术(64-slice computed tomography coronaryangiography,64-SCTCA)和冠状动脉造影(coronary artery angiography,CAG)在冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)诊断中的价值。方法回顾性分析126例疑似冠心病的患者64-SCTCA和CAG检查资料,并对两组资料进行对比分析。结果 64-SCTCA和CAG检查结果中可用于评价的病变血管段支数比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。CAG共发现≥50%狭窄节段242个,64-SCTCA共发现≥50%狭窄节段199个,两种检查方法对病变狭窄的显示情况比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。全部126例冠心病患者中有91%通过64-SCTCA发现(110/121)。64-SCTCA诊断冠状动脉病变血管的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为81.6%、98.8%、79.5%、99%。结论 64-SCTCA可作为冠心病无创、便捷、可靠的检查方法。     

The usefulness of subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography for in-stent restenosis assessment of patients with CoCr stent using 320-row area detector CT

The aim of this study was to assess in-stent restenosis (ISR) of coronary artery for patients with CoCr stent using subtraction coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with one-breath-hold scan on 320-row area detector CT, invasive coronary angiography (ICA) as clinical standard.Patients who were referred for CCTA from January 2020 to May 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Pre-contrast and CCTA was performed with dedicated one-breath-hold subtraction scan protocol and post processing to get subtracted-CCTA image without stent. Subjective image qualities and diagnosable rate were analyzed for CCTA and subtracted-CCTA respectively. The ISR degree of each stent was evaluated both on CCTA and subtracted-CCTA images. The receiver-operating characteristic curve with sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA in the diagnosis of ISR were calculated with ICA as reference.Forty patients with 85 CoCr coronary stents of 3 to 3.5 mm diameter with ICA confirmation within 1 month were finally included. Subtracted-CCTA showed more diagnosable segments of stent (91.76% [78/85]) than those of CCTA (50.59% [43/85]) (P < .001). The subjective image quality score of CCTA was 2.23 ± 1.32 while 3.41 ± 0.90 on subtracted-CCTA (P < .001). Both subtracted-CCTA and CCTA showed high consistency with ICA (Kappa = 0.795 and 0.918 respectively). The area under the curve was 0.607 for CCTA and 0.757 for subtracted-CCTA (P < .001) for stent based diagnose, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of CCTA, and subtracted-CCTA were 90.0%, 97.0%, 95.3%, and 87.5%, 100.0%, 97.43%, respectively.Subtracted-CCTA showed improved diagnose performance for ISR, which potentially reduce further follow-up ICA procedures for patients with CoCr stents.     

Internal mammary artery angiography should be a routine component of diagnostic coronary angiography

Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) angiography was performed with diagnostic coronary angiography in 130 cases for which the coronary findings made use of the LIMA as a bypass graft a consideration. In 98% of the cases the approach to LIMA angiography was femoral with a 5F LIMA catheter first directed into the proximal subclavian and then advanced over a guidewire placed into the distal subclavian well beyond the origin of the LIMA. After withdrawing the wire the catheter was brought proximally to selectively can-nulate and visualize the LIMA with nonionic contrast media. The only complication was a single transient occipital visual field loss. LIMA caliber too narrow to permit use as a graft was found twice, LIMA occlusion unrelated to prior surgery was found once, and LIMA occlusion related to prior surgery was found twice. Subclavian and/or vertebral stenosis was present five times. Large proximal branches of the LIMA best identified prior to surgery were present 12 times. Based on this experience, LIMA angiography (1) can be performed safely with a high degree of success, (2) demonstrates significant findings in 15% of cases, and 3) should therefore be performed whenever coronary angiographic findings make it appropriate to consider LIMA to coronary artery bypass grafting.     

低剂量冠状动脉CT血管造影评估壁冠状动脉管腔的临床价值

目的 探讨基于迭代重建算法(IRA)前瞻性心电门控低剂量冠状动脉CT血管造影(CCTA)技术评估壁冠状动脉管腔的临床价值。方法 选取2015年1月至2018年1月期间于攀枝花市中心医院治疗并行CCTA检查确诊为左前降支心肌桥(MB)的160例患者为研究对象。以侵入性冠状动脉造影作为金标准。根据患者MB病变程度将其分为无收缩压迫组32例、轻度收缩压迫组56例以及重度收缩压迫组72例。测量并比较3组患者的壁冠状动脉管腔密度差异(MCA-COD)、冠状动脉腔内强化梯度(TAG)和标化TAG值以及MB长度,并采用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)评价标化TAG、MCA-COD以及MB长度对收缩压迫MB诊断的临床价值。结果 随着收缩压迫程度增加,患者TAG、标化TAG值逐渐下降,MCA-COD以及MB长度逐渐增大;重度收缩压迫组与轻度收缩压迫组、无收缩压迫组相比,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.001)。在检查MB是否伴有收缩期压迫方面,MCA-COD的诊断敏感度和特异度相比标化TAG和MB长度更高,且三者联合检测在预测伴重度收缩压迫时的诊断价值更高。三者联合检测对轻度收缩压迫的诊断敏感度为83.12%,特异度为80.00%,ROC曲线下面积为0.816(95%CI 0.768～0.864);对重度收缩压迫的诊断敏感度为90.62%,特异度为87.50%,ROC曲线下面积为0.844(95%CI 0.799～0.890),相比各指标单独检测诊断价值更高。结论 MCA-COD、标化TAG以及MB长度作为基于IRA的前瞻性心电门控低剂量CCTA检查指标,对于评估伴收缩压迫MB具有重要诊断价值。     

320排CT血管造影筛查老年消化道出血并冠心病的应用价值

目的探讨心脏320排CT血管造影（CTA）筛查老年消化道出血并冠心病（CHD）的临床价值。方法选择71例无CHD病史的老年消化道出血患者,入院后2周内依次行常规12导联心电图（ECG）、心脏320排CTA检查,其中26例入院6周内行冠脉造影（CAG）检查;比较各种方法筛查CHD的临床价值。结果 71例患者中,CTA检查示CHD阳性29例（40.84%）,ECG检查示CHD阳性19例（26.76%）,CTA检查诊断CHD的阳性率明显高于ECG（P〈0.05）。行CAG检查的26例患者中,CAG检查示CHD阳性15例（57.69%）,CTA检查示CHD阳性16例（61.53%）,两种方法诊断CHD的阳性率无统计学差异（P〉0.05）;CTA检查诊断CHD的灵敏度为100%,特异度为90.91%,阳性预测值为93.75%,阴性预测值为100%。结论心脏320排CTA可作为无创筛查老年消化道出血患者是否合并CHD的首选方法之一。     

256层CTA技术在冠状动脉硬化狭窄诊断中的应用价值

目的 探讨256层CT血管成像（CTA）技术在冠状动脉成像及其狭窄诊断中的应用价值.方法 选择临床拟诊或疑诊冠状动脉疾病者400例,均行CTA冠状动脉检查,其中53例行DSA冠状动脉造影;由2名医生对图像质量评价,采用分级评分法评价冠状动脉15节段.结果 CTA显示冠状动脉节段共5 793个,其中评分为4、5分5 691个（98.24％）;与DSA比较,CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄的准确率为94.33％、特异性为93.75％、敏感性为94.59％.DSA与CTA两种检查方法诊断冠状动脉狭窄一致性较好,Kappa为0.868.256层CTA诊断冠状动脉狭窄,在不同心率患者间差异无统计学意义.结论 256层CTA冠状动脉成像质量较高,可清晰地显示冠状动脉主要节段影像,较为准确地诊断冠状动脉狭窄,特异性、敏感性较好,且不受心率影响.     

先天性冠状动脉瘘的DSA造影研究

目的 对6例冠状动脉瘘的冠状动脉造影或升主动脉造影表现进行分析,以提高对该病的认识.方法 收集6例冠状动脉瘘病例,男性2例,女性4例,年龄23～69岁;平均53岁.经DSA冠状动脉造影或升主动脉造影证实.结果 本组冠状动脉瘘起源于左冠状动脉6例,右冠状动脉1例.临床上无特征性症状,其中5例因分流量较小,听诊未闻及连续性杂音.1例分流量较大,左冠状动脉右室瘘伴冠状静脉瘘而行手术治疗.结论 先天性冠状动脉瘘为少见病,选择性冠状动脉造影及升主动脉造影具有重要诊断价值.     

64层螺旋CT血管成像与冠状动脉造影对冠心病诊断价值的对比研究

目的评价64层螺旋CT在冠状动脉造影方面的诊断价值。方法58例临床诊断或可疑冠心病患者行64层螺旋CT冠状动脉成像检查,分别对左主干、左前降支、回旋支和右冠状动脉及其分支的重建图像行影像学评价,所有患者均行常规选择性冠状动脉造影检查作为对照。结果58例患者共757(87.0%)节段的冠状动脉(血管直径≥1.5 mm)成像,638节段(84.3%)可用于多层螺旋CT和冠状动脉造影定量分析。冠状动脉造影共发现狭窄101节段,多层螺旋CT发现狭窄104节段,多层螺旋CT对冠状动脉狭窄诊断的敏感性为86.1%,特异性为96.8%。结论64层螺旋CT冠状动脉造影可作为诊断冠状动脉病变的一种无创筛选方法。     

Left main stem coronary artery dissection during coronary angiography

This paper describes a case of dissection of the main stem of the left coronary artery during coronary angiography with an uneventful clinical course. As far as we know, only one comparable case has been reported before. A brief survey of the pertinent literature is presented. Some possible pathogenetic factors are considered. No specific preventive or therapeutic measurement can be recommended.     

Catheter separation during coronary angiography

Complete fracture and separation of a right coronary Judkins catheter during coronary angiography is presented. The possible mechanism underlying the separation and retrieval of the catheter fragment is described.     

The underlying coronary lesion in myocardial infarction: implications for coronary angiography.

Myocardial infarction is usually caused by sudden thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery at the site of a fissured atherosclerotic plaque. Recent evidence suggests that coronary angiography may be insensitive in detecting and quantitating atherosclerosis. Serial angiographic studies demonstrate that the majority of myocardial infarctions occur due to occlusion of arteries that previously did not contain angiographically significant (greater than 50%) stenoses. Similarly, quantitative angiography performed after thrombolytic therapy indicates that the coronary lesion underlying the clot is frequently not severely stenotic. Thus, an angiographically apparent stenosis is not necessary for the development of a thrombotic occlusion resulting in an MI. These observations suggest that coronary angiography does not accurately predict the site of a subsequent occlusion that will produce a myocardial infarction.     

冠状动脉造影检查在冠心病诊断中作用的再探讨

目的探讨冠状动脉造影（CAG）检查在诊断冠心病中作用,就其对多年来被认为是金标准作用进行再探讨。方法对138例怀疑有冠心病的患者,均经普通ECG,动态ECG,活动平板和CAG。结果只有71例患者的冠状动脉造影检查符合目前冠心病标准,其余67例患者冠状动脉未达标（轻度-中度狭窄,或完全正常或仅见散在斑块形成）。结论冠心病的诊断是一个较为复杂的问题,CAG检查是诊断冠心病的一个重要依据,有相当比例的冠心病患者（CAG）无明显异常。     

Long‐term outcomes in patients with normal coronary arteries,nonobstructive, or obstructive coronary artery disease on invasive coronary angiography

BackgroundNormal or near normal coronary arteries (NNCA) or nonobstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are commonly found on invasive coronary angiography (ICA).HypothesisWe aimed to determine long‐term outcomes by severity of CAD in a contemporary cohort of patients undergoing ICA for evaluation for ischemic heart disease.MethodsWe assessed a consecutive cohort of 925 patients who underwent non‐emergent ICA over 24 months. Cardiac death (CD), nonfatal myocardial infarction (NFMI), late revascularization, and medication use were assessed.ResultsFollow‐up data was available in 850 patients. Of patients without heart failure, at a median of 6.0 years, there was a significant decrease in survival free from CD or NFMI, and from all cardiac events, for those with obstructive CAD compared with patients with NNCAs or nonobstructive CAD (p < .001 for both). No differences between NNCA and nonobstructive CAD patients in rates of CD or NFMI (2.0% vs. 2.1%/year, p = .58) or all cardiac events (2.4% vs. 2.9%/year, p = .84) were observed.ConclusionLong‐term follow‐up in a contemporary cohort of consecutive patients undergoing non‐emergent ICA for detection of CAD showed no difference in annual rates of CD or NFMI, or total cardiac events, in patients with NNCAs versus those with nonobstructive CAD, whereas patients with obstructive CAD had significantly more events. Event rates were low and similar by gender. Use of aspirin, lipid lowering therapy, and beta‐blockers increased in all subgroups after ICA. We speculate this may explain the low incidence of subsequent cardiac events, and similar event rates in patients with NNCA and nonobstructive CAD, even in patients presenting with non‐ST‐elevation MI.     

Rotational X-ray coronary angiography.

We designed and implemented a digital flat-panel-based rotational X-ray coronary angiography technique hypothesizing that luminal disease could be identified with less radiation exposure and contrast usage compared to conventional angiography. Individuals scheduled for diagnostic coronary angiography were prospectively enrolled. In addition to conventional acquisitions in standard planes, subjects underwent one additional left coronary artery (LCA) or right coronary artery (RCA) rotational (spin) acquisition using a predefined trajectory. Radiation exposure and contrast volume were recorded for each run. Seventy-five subjects were enrolled. When compared with standard five-view cine acquisition, LCA spin angiography with one cranial and one caudal run resulted in 34.38% +/- 13.65% less radiation, 18.98% +/- 4.97% less contrast, and comparable assessment of stenosis severity. One spin acquisition compared with three standard cine acquisitions for RCA angiography resulted in 59.31% +/- 29.07% lower radiation, no significant change in contrast, and comparable assessment of stenosis severity. Rotational X-ray coronary angiography provides comparable visualization of coronary anatomy compared with traditional nonrotational coronary angiography with significantly less radiation exposure and contrast volume.