交锁髓内钉技术治疗股骨干骨折18例临床疗效分析

【目的】探讨顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨干骨折的手术技巧,疗效及并发症。【方法】应用顺行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨骨折18例,除1例为陈旧性骨折外余为闭合性新鲜骨折,股骨干横形骨折3例,斜形骨折7例,粉碎性骨折8例;无合并其他部位骨折。【结果】平均随访10个月,骨性愈合临床愈合17例;骨延迟愈合1例。本组病人无感染、髓内钉无折弯和折断,骨折无畸形愈合。【结论】交锁髓内钉内固定治疗股骨骨折能防止短缩和旋转,固定牢固,愈合率高,是治疗股骨干骨折较好的固定方法。     

交锁髓内钉加单侧皮质骨钢板治疗胫骨多段骨折的疗效

目的 探讨交锁髓内钉加单侧皮质骨钢板治疗胫骨多段骨折疗效.方法 对21例采用交锁髓内钉加单侧皮质骨钢板治疗胫骨多段骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果 21例患者均获得随访,随访时间为1.5～4年,平均2.5年.骨折全部达到临床愈合,无骨不连、骨延迟愈合及髓内钉断裂等并发症.膝关节疼痛1例,锁钉松动1例.结论 交锁髓内钉加单侧皮质骨钢板治疗胫骨多段骨折疗效良好,手术操作简单、创伤小,并发症发生率低.     

有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗开放性胫骨骨折

【目的】探讨有限扩髓交锁髓内钉对开放性胫骨骨折的临床治疗效果。【方法】148例开放性胫骨骨折患者采用有限扩髓交锁髓内钉治疗。按Gustilo分型：Ⅰ型61例;Ⅱ型49例;Ⅲ型38例。均为Ⅲa型。根据骨折稳定性和部位决定行动力型还是静力型固定。【结果】118例得到随访,3例骨不连。1例主钉断裂。膝关节痛7例(占5．9％),表浅感染15例(占12．7％)。均治愈。【结论】有限扩髓交锁髓内钉在治疗Ⅲa型以下的开放性胫骨骨折中具有固定坚强、骨折愈合率高、能早期活动、并发症少等优点。是治疗Ⅲa型以下开放性胫骨骨折的一种较好内固定方法。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨节段性骨折的临床疗效

【目的】探讨胫骨节段性骨折的治疗方法。【方法】在C型臂X线机透视下对12例胫骨节段性骨折患者进行复位后采用交锁髓内钉进行固定。【结果】11例患者术后3个月获得骨性愈合,1例患者出现骨不连,经植骨后骨折愈合,1例患者术后出现胫前皮肤坏死骨外露,经二期清创转移皮瓣后获得痊愈。【结论】交锁髓内钉是治疗胫骨节段性骨折的适合方法。     

三种髓内钉置入固定治疗胫骨骨折79例比较

选择惠东黄埠医院骨科收治的胫骨骨折患者79例,男47例,女32例,年龄16～73岁;开放性骨折19例,闭合性骨折60例.79例患者中交锁髓内钉固定治疗48例,旋入式自锁钉固定治疗19例,自动加压交锁髓内钉固定治疗12例.手术均顺利完成,交锁髓内钉固定组的平均手术时间为(102±10)min,旋入式自锁钉固定组平均(65±10)rain,自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组平均(100±10)min.79例患者均获得随访,平均6～10个月.交锁髓内钉固定组断钉1例,伤口浅表感染1例,骨延迟愈合3例;骨折平均愈合时间(21.0±3.2)周;Johner-Wruh法评定功能恢复优良率(85.42±5.20)%.旋入式自锁钉固定组骨折延迟愈合1例,骨折移位1例;平均骨折愈合时间(20.0±3.6)周:优良率(84.21±4.10)%.自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组脱钉1例,伤口浅表感染1例;平均骨折愈合时间(17.0±2.8)周;优良率(91.67±3.70)%.3组功能恢复优良率自动加压交锁髓内钉固定组与其他两组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05),自动加压交锁髓内钉效果最好.提示自动加压交锁髓内钉较传统的交锁钉愈合时间快.     

交锁髓内钉的应力遮挡与对策

目的探讨交锁髓内钉的应力遮挡效应与解决对策.方法回顾交锁内钉治疗四肢长骨骨折86例,均采用静力型固定,随访58例.结果在随访的58例中,股骨32例(顺行打钉25例,逆行7例),胫腓骨21例,肱骨5例,由于骨折端的应力遮挡而造成骨不连,延迟愈合及锁钉断裂共6例,股骨延迟愈合2例,断钉1例,胫骨不连1例,延迟愈合2例,该结果均为早期病例,后来经过技术改进后未再发生.结论交锁髓内钉的使用,只要掌握好操作技能及选择结构合理的材料,即可减少应力遮挡的不良后果,它是治疗四肢长骨骨折的一种较为满意的方法.     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨和胫骨骨折

目的 :探讨交锁髓内钉在股骨、胫骨骨折治疗中的适应症。方法 :对 4 0例股骨、胫骨骨折患者进行交锁髓内钉内固定术 ,其中新鲜骨折 2 9例 ,陈旧性骨折 10例 ;股骨骨折 19例 ,胫骨骨折 2 1例。开放复位 32例 ,闭合复位 8例。结果 :骨折临床愈合时间为 3～ 6个月 ,闭合复位者中有 6例在术后 5～ 6周可看见骨痂。无感染、断钉及骨不连等并发症。结论 :交锁髓内钉是一种用于股骨、胫骨骨折的较好内固定器械 ,具有骨折愈合快、能早期活动及并发症少等优点。术中尽量采用闭合复位     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨干骨折53例

目的：探讨交锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析53例股骨骨折应用带锁髓内钉治疗的结果，其中男38例，女15例，平均年龄31岁。闭合性骨折35例，开放性骨折15例，陈旧性骨折3例。开放性骨折15例采用不扩髓固定，陈旧性骨折3例和闭合性骨折35例扩髓固定。结果：平均随访1年2个月，骨折全部愈合，无延迟愈合或不愈合；无感染病例；1例发生远端锁定螺钉折断。全部患者术后邻近关节的功能均恢复正常。结论：应用带锁髓内钉治疗股骨骨折具有稳定性高，疗效确切和并发症少等优点，是一种治疗股骨干骨折的较理想方法。     

股骨、胫骨多段骨折交锁髓内针内固定术25例

目的:探讨股骨、胫骨多段骨折交锁髓内钉的临床应用效果。方法:分析1999-2004年10月股骨、胫骨多段骨折行交锁髓内钉内固定术25例。其中股骨骨折6例,胫骨骨折19例,交通事故致骨折18例,高处坠落致骨折7例。结合临床运用综合评价该手术方式的可能性。结果:术后随访6～18个月,平均14个月,24例患者术后无感染、骨不连等。其中1例患者2个月时交锁髓内钉远端断裂,后改石膏外固定,胫骨远端畸形愈合。24例患者术后3个月扶拐活动,7个月弃拐行走,复查X线片示:骨折全部愈合。优良者24例。最终功能评价优良率96%。结论:股骨、胫骨多段骨折,临床上使用交锁髓内钉治疗,效果满意。扩大了交锁髓内钉治疗长骨多段骨折的适应证。     

交锁髓内钉内固定治疗浮膝损伤24例临床总结

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉内固定治疗浮膝损伤的治疗效果.方法:以静力固定的方法行交锁髓内钉内固定治疗浮膝损伤,17例股骨髁上骨折采用逆行交锁髓内钉经髁间内固定,7例股骨中上段骨折采用股骨近端交锁髓内钉穿钉技术,24例胫骨骨折均采用胫骨交锁髓内钉穿钉技术.结果:24例平均手术时间75分钟,经平均25个月的随访,22例骨折在1年后愈合,2例发生骨折不愈合,行植骨术后骨愈合.21例膝关节活动度基本恢复正常,屈曲100°18例,屈曲80°及屈曲70°各3例.24例均无肢体短缩发生.根据Karlstrom制定的膝关节功能评价标准评定,优20例,良1例,可2例,差1例,优良率87.5%.结论:交锁髓内钉内固定治疗浮膝损伤,具有损伤小、固定坚强、便于早期功能锻炼及有利于骨折愈合的优点,是一种有效的治疗方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.