酒黄芩炮制方法的研究

目的：探讨不同炮制方法对酒黄芩中黄芩苷含量的影响，优化酒黄芩微波炮制的工艺条件。方法：采用紫外分光光度法检测黄芩苷含量，并通过正交试验对酒炙黄芩的微波热力、加水量、微波时间三因素进行微波炮制黄芩的工艺考察。结果：可用微波法炮制酒黄芩，微波法炮制黄芩的工艺为微波热力40％，微波时间2．5min，加水量为20％。结论：微波法炮制的酒黄芩中黄芩苷含量高于炒黄芩，正交设计中的微波时间对工艺影响显著，其次是微波热力，第三是加水量。     

凹凸棒对黄芩苷吸附作用的考察

目的：考察凹凸棒对中药黄芩及一清颗粒水煎提取液中有效成分黄芩苷的吸附作用。方法：以浸出总固体物量和黄芩苷含量为指标。采用高效液相色谱法测定有效成分黄芩苷的含量，分别考察普通凹凸棒与酸化凹凸棒对中药黄芩和一清颗粒水煎提取液的吸附澄清作用。结果：普通凹凸棒使中药黄芩及一清颗粒水煎提取液中总固体物量减少，对黄芩苷的含量无明显影响；酸化凹凸棒使中药黄芩及一清颗粒水煎液中浸出总固体物含量明显减少，对黄芩苷的影响较小。结论：酸化凹凸棒可作为黄芩药材和一清颗粒水煎提取液的吸附澄清剂。     

高效毛细管电泳法测定黄芩多倍体株系中黄芩苷的含量

用胶束电动毛细管电泳色谱（MEKC）法对黄芩中黄芩苷含量进行测定方法学，样品预处理方法试验。采用建立的方法对组织培养诱导获得的20个多倍体株系，黄芩不同部位和不同采收期进行了黄芩苷含量的测定；测定结果表明：绝大部分四倍体株系黄芩苷的含量高于二倍体，且明显高于商品药材；黄芩主根，须根中黄芩苷的含量最高，根皮次之，茎叶中含量最低，黄芩种子成熟后期和冬季黄芩含量较高，春季发芽前后黄芩苷的含量就开始下降。研究结果为黄芩药材优良品种选育，黄芩苷含量的测定和黄含量评价建立了快速可靠和准确的测定方法。     

黄芩药材及其配方颗粒中黄芩苷的含量比较

目的 比较黄芩药材及其配方颗粒中黄芩苷的含量差异,为配方颗粒生产工艺的改进提供理论依据.方法 采用高效液相色谱-梯度洗脱法,对黄芩药材及其配方颗粒中黄芩苷的含量进行测定,比较两者含量的差异.结果 配方颗粒中黄芩苷的含量是原黄芩药材含量的1/5,与所标示的浓缩倍数不符.结论 原配方颗粒的生产工艺需要改进;配方颗粒需要建立完善的质量控制方法和合理的质量标准.     

优选黄芩提取工艺

目的:建立黄芩提取液中黄芩苷的含量测定方法,优选黄芩苷的提取工艺。方法:以黄芩苷为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量;采用正交试验优选出黄芩苷的提取工艺。结果:优选的提取工艺为以14倍药材量的水回流提取2次,每次1h。结论:优选出的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

黄芩水提取工艺中黄芩苷降解动力学研究

目的对黄芩中的化学成分黄芩苷在水提取工艺中降解过程进行研究。方法采用HPLC检测不同温度浸泡处理后的提取液中黄芩苷的含量。结果黄芩药材在20℃浸泡时黄芩苷的含量变化符合一级动力学过程,30℃、40℃条件下浸泡处理,2~24 h内黄芩苷的含量随时间的变化符合一级动力学过程。结论在以水为溶媒提取黄芩药材中的黄芩苷时,宜在60℃以上条件下浸泡处理,可减少黄芩苷的降解,提高黄芩苷的提取率。     

黄芩水提取工艺中黄芩苷降解动力学研究

目的 对黄芩中的化学成分黄芩苷在水提取工艺中降解过程进行研究.方法 采用HPLC检测不同温度浸泡处理后的提取液中黄芩苷的含量. 结果 黄芩药材在20 ℃浸泡时黄芩苷的含量变化符合一级动力学过程,30 ℃、40 ℃条件下浸泡处理,2～24 h内黄芩苷的含量随时间的变化符合一级动力学过程.结论 在以水为溶媒提取黄芩药材中的黄芩苷时,宜在60 ℃以上条件下浸泡处理,可减少黄芩苷的降解,提高黄芩苷的提取率.     

黄芩X射线粉末衍射鉴定与黄芩苷定量分析研究

目的：建立黄芩粉末X射线衍射鉴定分析技术与黄芩苷定量分析方法。方法：采用粉末X射线衍射技术获取7个不同产地或来源的黄芩样品和1个对照品的粉末X射线衍射Fourier指纹图谱,通过对黄芩苷对照品的单一成分的衍射Fou—rier图谱获取其特征标记峰;通过HPLC技术定量检测8个样品中的黄芩苷含量;分析计算黄芩粉末X射线衍射Fourier图谱中的衍射特征峰强度与黄芩苷含量关系。结果：获得黄芩中药材的对照X射线衍射指纹图谱及其对应的50个特征标记峰,衍射峰d=3．1795A的相对强度与黄芩药材中黄芩苷含量呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为Y=1．0719X-0．193,r=0．9956。结论：粉末X射线衍射不仅可以给出反映中药材全成分的Fourier指纹图谱,并可实现对中药材中有效化学成分的定量含量检测。     

HPLC法测定模拟条件下发霉黄芩药材中的黄芩苷含量

目的：使用HPLC法考察模拟条件下发霉黄芩药材中的黄芩苷含量。方法：以Nova．Pak C18柱（250mm×4．6mm，5μm）为色谱柱，甲醇-水-磷酸（40：60：0．2）为流动相，流速0．8ml·min-1；检测波长280nm；柱温25℃。结果：第15天，对照组黄芩苷含量15．19％，试验组7．74％；第30天，对照组黄芩苷含量15．03％，试验组3．18％。结论：黄芩药材在模拟条件下黄芩苷含量显著下降。     

近红外漫反射光谱法快速测定黄芩药材中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷含量

目的针对中药生产中药材质量控制的问题,运用近红外漫反射光谱技术,结合化学计量学,提出一种快速测定黄芩药材中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷含量的方法。方法利用HPLC法测定黄芩药材中黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的含量作为对照值,运用偏最小二乘回归(PLS)建立黄芩药材近红外光谱与HPLC法含量测定值之间的多元校正模型,并对未知样本进行预测。结果黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷校正模型的相关系数分别为0.995、0.969,交叉验证误差均方根RMSECV分别为0.678、0.143,验证集预测误差均方根RMSEP分别为0.602、0.221。结论该方法可实现对黄芩药材的快速分析,预测结果准确可靠,可推广用于其他中药材的质量控制。     

多指标综合评价结合层次分析法优化黄芩微波酒制工艺

目的 采用正交设计综合加权评分和层次分析法相结合的方法,优化黄芩微波酒制工艺。方法 采用单因素试验优选加酒量、闷润时间、微波功率、微波时间,然后以微波酒制工艺中的加酒量、闷润时间、微波功率、微波时间为考察因素,采用层次分析法确定各指标权重系数,以黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素含量进行综合加权评分为评价指标,优化黄芩微波酒制工艺。结果 取生黄芩饮片适量,加入10%辅料酒,置密闭容器内闷润60 min,在300 W功率下微波5 min,经3次验证试验,各指标成分的平均含量分别为15.65%、5.94%、3.00%、0.33%,平均评分98.24,RSD为0.99%(n=3)。结论 优化所得微波炮制酒工艺稳定,重复性良好,可应用于微波酒黄芩的炮制。     

黄芩中黄芩苷提取工艺的研究

目的:建立黄芩提取液中黄芩苷的含量测定方法,优选黄芩苷的提取工艺。方法:以黄芩苷为指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量;采用单因素试验与正交试验优选出黄芩苷的提取工艺。结果:黄芩苷检测浓度在0.05912～0.02956mg/ml范围内线性关系良好(r=0.99974),平均回收率为99.5%,RSD=1.10%(n=5);优选的提取工艺为以14倍药材量的水回流提取2次,每次1h。结论:建立的含量测定方法简便,优选出的提取工艺稳定、合理、可行。     

不同提取工艺下黄芩浸膏粉中黄芩苷含量测定研究

目的建立黄芩浸膏粉中黄芩苷的含量测定方法，优选黄芩苷的提取工艺．方法以黄芩苷为指标，采用高效液相色谱法测定黄芩苷含量；比较水提酸沉法、醇提酸沉法与超声法工艺的差异．结果超声法提取黄芩苷含量最高，黄芩苷含量在7．58—121．36μg范围里呈较好的线性关系；黄芩苷的回收率为99．25％。结论超声提取法工艺稳定、合理、可行、效率高。     

Antidepressant Effect of Baicalin Extracted from the Root of Scutellaria baicalensis. in Mice and Rats

Abstract

The flavonoid baicalin, isolated from the dried root of Scutellaria baicalensis. G. (Labiatae), is widely used in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. In the present study, baicalin, at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg (p.o.), reduced immobility time in tail suspension test (TST) and the forced swimming test (FST) in mice. Baicalin also decreased immobility time at 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg (p.o.) in FST in rats. Furthermore, baicalin (25 mg/kg), as well as fluoxetine (FLU; 20 mg/kg), showed a significant recovery in sucrose intake compared with the vehicle-treated stressed animals for 5 weeks treatment in a chronic mild stress (CMS) model in rats. The effect of baicalin at the dose of 25 mg was as potent as that of reference antidepressant FLU (20 mg/kg) in the CMS model. With the monoamine oxidase (MAO A and B) assay, oral administration of baicalin at the doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg significantly inhibited MAO A activity in a dose-dependent manner in rats. However, only baicalin at the doses of 25 and 50 mg/kg markedly inhibited MAO B activity. Neither baicalin nor FLU, at the doses tested, produced a significant effect on locomotor activity in mice. These results suggest that baicalin had a specific antidepressant-like effect in vivo.. The antidepressant activity of baicalin may be mediated in part through MAO A and B inhibition in rat brain.     

医院小包装饮片与散装饮片存放对黄芩饮片质量的影响

目的 考察小包装饮片与散装饮片在医院中药房存放对黄芩饮片质量的影响.方法 在1年存放期限内采用高效液相色谱法分别对两种不同包装的黄芩饮片进行黄芩苷含量测定,观察其变化.结果 在1年的质量考察期内,黄芩饮片中的黄芩苷含量在小包装饮片中只有损失4.31%,而传统的中药药斗中散装饮片则损失达到16.68%.结论 小包装饮片能保证中药黄芩饮片的质量.     

Different extraction pretreatments significantly change the flavonoid contents of Scutellaria baicalensis

Abstract

Context: Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Labiatae) is one of the most commonly used medicinal herbs, especially in traditional Chinese medicine. However, compared to many pharmacological studies of this botanical, much less attention has been paid to the quality control of the herb’s pretreatment prior to extract preparation, an issue that may affect therapeutic outcomes.

Objective: The current study was designed to evaluate whether different pretreatment conditions change the contents of the four major flavonoids in the herb, i.e., two glycosides (baicalin and wogonoside) and two aglycones (baicalein and wogonin).

Materials and methods: A high-performance liquid chromatography assay was used to quantify the contents of these four flavonoids. The composition changes of four flavonoids by different pretreatment conditions, including solvent, treatment time, temperature, pH value and herb/solvent ratio were evaluated.

Results: After selection of the first order time-curve kinetics, our data showed that at 50?°C, 1:5 herb/water (in w/v) ratio and pH 6.67 yielded an optimal conversion rate from flavonoid glycosides to their aglycones. In this optimized condition, the contents of baicalin and wogonoside were decreased to 1/70 and 1/13, while baicalein and wogonin were increased 3.5- and 3.1-fold, respectively, compared to untreated herb.

Discussion and conclusion: The markedly variable conversion rates by different pretreatment conditions complicated the quality control of this herb, mainly due to the high amount of endogenous enzymes of S. baicalensis. Optimal pretreatment conditions observed in this study could be used obtain the highest level of desired constituents to achieve better pharmacological effects.     

Antioxidant Activity of Chinese Medicinal Herbs

Abstract

Sequential extraction with petroleum ether, chloroform–ethyl acetate, methanol, and water was carried out on 40 commonly used Chinese medicinal herbs. The antioxidant power of different fraction extracts was measured with both the DPPH assay and the FRAP assay. Ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene were used as two reference antioxidants. The total phenolic content of the extracts was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The fraction extracts showed different antioxidant activity in the two assays; however, there was a significant positive correlation between the DPPH assay and the FRAP assay. Methanol fraction extracts generally demonstrated stronger antioxidant power and higher total phenolic content than did the others. The results suggest that Radix Sanguisorbae, Cortex cinnamomi, Herba taxilli, Semen arecae, and L., Cinnamomum cassia Presl ., Taxillus sutchuenensis (Lecomte) Danser, Areca catechu Linn. and Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi contain relatively high values in antioxidant power and/or high total phenolic content. This study is the first comprehensive antioxidant activity evaluation among Chinese medicinal herbs. It demonstrates that most Chinese medicinal herbs are also useful in preventing various degenerative diseases.