鄂西高产半夏脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

目的:研究鄂西高产半夏中的化学成分。方法:采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS),结合检索NIST谱,鉴定化学成分。结果:从半夏中鉴定出了10个化合物:棕榈酸(palmitic acid)(Ⅰ),十八碳-9,12-二烯酸(9,12-octadecadienoic acid)(Ⅱ),1-吡咯烷-1-氧代-十六碳-7,10-二烯酯(pyrrolidine,1-(1-oxo-7,10-hexadecadienyl)(Ⅲ),α-棕榈精(α-monpalmitin)(Ⅳ),十九碳-1,3,12-三烯烷(1,3,12-nonadecatriene)(Ⅴ),芸苔甾醇(campesterol)(Ⅵ),3-羟基-5,22-二烯-豆甾醇(stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol)(Ⅶ),β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol)(Ⅷ),3-羟基-5,24-二烯-豆甾醇(stigmasta-5,24-dien-3-ol)(Ⅸ),环阿尔廷醇(Cycloartenol)(Ⅹ)。结论:其中5种甾醇类化合物的相对含量:芸苔甾醇28.96%;3-羟基-5,22-二烯-豆甾醇9.24%;β-谷甾醇50.77%;3-羟基-5,24-二烯-豆甾醇4.74%;环阿尔廷醇6.25%。化合物Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅸ为从该植物中首次报道。     

中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚脂溶性成分的研究

目的研究侧扁软柳珊瑚(Subergorgia suberosa)乙酸乙酯萃取相的化学成分。方法通过多种色谱手段,对侧扁软柳珊瑚的脂溶性成分进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据和理化性质确定化合物的结构。结果从乙酸乙酯萃取相中共分离得到9个化合物,分别为:胆甾-5-烯-3β,7α-二醇(cholesta-5-ene-3β,7α-diol,1),胆甾-1β,3β,5α,6β-四醇(cholestane-1β,3β,5α,6β-tetrol,2),胆甾醇(cholesterol,3),(E)-N-2(1,3-二羟基-4-十八烯基)-十六酰胺[(E)-N-2-(1,3-dihydroxy octadecan-4-en)-hexadecam-ide,4],鲨肝醇(baty lalcohol,5),胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷(thymidine,6),胸腺嘧啶(thymine,7),尿嘧啶(uracil,8),正十七烷(hepta-decane,9)。结论所有化合物均为首次从中国南海侧扁软柳珊瑚中分离鉴定。     

头结海绵化学成分的研究

 头结海绵(Tylotellasp.)为我国青岛湾海域内新发现的一种海绵。对该海绵的化学成分进行了研究，分离出6种成分，根据理化性质和光谱数据，确定它们为:24-去甲-胆甾-5，22E-双烯-3β-醇、麦角甾-5，24(28)-双烯-3β-醇、胆甾醇、穿贝海绵甾醇、胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷、酪胺。其中，胸腺嘧啶脱氧核苷具有多种药理活性，从海外中首次分得。     

裸花水竹草化学成分

目的:研究鸭跖草科裸花水竹草的化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱、重结晶等方法分离和纯化,并通过IR,EIMS及NMR等波谱学方法对分离得到的化学成分进行结构鉴定。结果:从裸花水竹草中共分离得到15个化合物,分别为正三十九烷(1),二十烷酸辛酯(2),胆甾-7-烯-3-酮(3),22,23-二氢菠菜甾酮(4),二十四烷酸(5),三十烷酸(6),谷甾醇(7),菜油甾醇(8),豆甾醇(9),麦角甾醇(10),豆甾-7-烯-3-醇(11),豆甾醇-3-O-葡萄糖苷(12),胡萝卜苷(13),二十七烷酸甘油酯(14),bracteanolide A(15)。结论:其中化合物1~15均为首次在该植物中分离得到。     

紫红曲代谢产物中的甾体成分

目的:研究药食两用紫红曲Monascuspurpureus的化学成分.方法:应用各种色谱技术分离纯化,用Ms和NMR分析确定化合物结构.结果:从紫红曲乙醇提取物的石油醚部分分离得到8个化合物,分别鉴定为:豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(1),3-oxo-24-methyl-enecycloarane(2),豆甾醇(3),7β-羟基豆甾醇(4),3β-羟基豆甾-5烯-7-酮(5),3β-羟基豆甾-5,22-二烯-7-酮(6),5a,8α-过氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(7),β-谷甾醇(8).结论:以上8个化合物除化合物3和7外,其余均为首次从红曲菌属代谢产物中分离得到.     

黄花紫玉盘枝、叶化学成分的研究

目的:研究黄花紫玉盘Uvaria kurzii枝、叶的化学成分.方法:硅胶色谱柱和Sephadex LH-20分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据鉴定结构.结果:分离鉴定了19个化合物,分别为β-谷甾醇十六烷酸酯(1),豆甾醇十六烷酸酯(2),β-乙酰谷甾醇(3),β-乙酰豆甾醇(4),三十四烷醇(5),三十二烷酸(6),β-谷甾醇(7),豆甾醇(8),5α-豆甾-3,6-二酮(9),5α-豆甾-22-烯-3,6-二酮(10),香草酸(11),原儿茶酸(12),N-(对-反式-香豆酰)酪胺(13),山柰酚-3-Oβ-D.(6"-O-对-香豆酰)半乳吡喃糖苷(14),山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷(15),芦丁(16),胡萝卜苷(17),L-白雀木醇(18),尿囊素(19).结论:化合物1～6,9,10,13,18,19为本科中首次分到;14～16为本属中首次分到;7,8,11,12,17为本种植物中首次分到.     

中华疣海星的化学成分及其抗菌活性研究

目的 研究中华疣海星Pentaceaster chinensis的化学成分及其抗菌活性.方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱、重结晶、薄层制备色谱等方法对中华疣海星的化学成分进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱数据进行结构鉴定;纸片琼脂扩散法对结构确定的化合物进行抗菌(大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、副溶血弧菌、溶藻弧菌T/O)活性筛选.结果 从中华疣海星体内分离得到8个化合物,分别为1-O-十六烷酰基-3-O-β-D-呲喃半乳糖基-丙三醇(1)、1-O-十八烷酰基-3-O-β-D-呲喃半乳糖基-丙三醇(2)、3β-羟基-(22E,24R)-麦角甾-7,9,22-三烯(3)、3-吲哚甲酸(4)、胆甾-5-烯-33-硫酸钠(5)、胆甾-7-烯-3β-硫酸钠(6)、尿嘧啶(7)、胸腺嘧啶(8).化合物1、3、4对大肠杆菌的MIC值分别为0.5、1.0、0.5 mg/mL;化合物2、3、5、6对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC值分别为0.5、1.0、1.0、1.0 mg/mL.结论 化合物1～8为首次从中华疣海星中分离得到,化合物1～6具有一定的抗菌活性.     

桦褐孔菌三萜类化学成分研究

目的研究桦褐孔菌Inonotus obliquus子实体的化学成分。方法采用硅胶、MCI、Sephadex LH-20凝胶等柱色谱方法进行分离纯化,根据理化性质和波谱分析对化合物结构进行鉴定。结果从桦褐孔菌子实体95%乙醇提取物中分离得到13个三萜化合物和2个甾醇化合物,分别鉴定为3-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-21-醛(1)、羊毛甾醇(2)、3β-羟基-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯-21-醛(3)、白桦脂醇(4)、桦褐孔菌醇(5)、栓菌酸(6)、3β,21-二羟基-羊毛甾-8,24-二烯(7)、齐墩果酸(8)、乌苏酸(9)、白桦脂酸(10)、桦褐孔菌素A(11)、桦褐孔菌萜D(12)、3β-乙酰氧基-11α,12α-环氧-齐墩果烷-28,13β-内酯(13)、麦角甾醇(14)、麦角甾烷-4,6,8,22-四烯-3-酮(15)。结论化合物1为1个新的三萜化合物,命名为桦褐孔菌素D;化合物9、13、15为首次从桦褐孔菌子实体中分离得到。     

壮药九层风化学成分研究

目的研究壮药九层风化学成分。方法采用硅胶吸附色谱法、重结晶等现代分离方法和技术对其石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位化学成分进行分离和纯化,所得单体化合物利用其理化性质及MS、1H-NMR、13C-NMR等波谱方法进行结构鉴定。结果从九层风石油醚,乙酸乙酯和正丁醇部位共分离得到9个化合物,分别鉴定为:正三十一烷烃(I),α-波甾醇(II),豆甾醇(III),β-谷甾醇(IV),油酸(V),正二十四烷酸(Ⅵ),α-波甾醇-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷-6/-十七酸酯(Ⅶ),正十六烷酸(Ⅷ),丝石竹皂苷元(Ⅸ)。结论上述化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

芦竹根化学成分的研究

目的研究芦竹Arundo donax根的化学成分。方法采用不同色谱技术和重结晶等方法分离纯化芦竹根化学成分,并通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物结构。结果从芦竹根70%乙醇提取物中分离得到23个化合物,分别鉴定为十六烷酸(1)、正二十二烷(2)、十四烷酸甘油酯(3)、3,7-二羟基-5,6-桥氧-8(14),22-二烯麦角甾醇(4)、3,7-二羟基-5,6-桥氧-8(9),22-二烯麦角甾醇(5)、3β-羟基-5,8-桥二氧-6,22-二烯麦角甾醇(6)、3,6-二酮-4-烯豆甾醇(7)、3β-羟基-6,9-桥氧-7,22-二烯麦角甾醇(8)、3,6,9-三羟基-22-烯豆甾醇(9)、3,4,5-三甲氧基-苯酚(10)、2,6-二甲氧基-1,4-苯醌(11)、芥子醛(12)、对羟基肉桂酸(13)、β-谷甾酮(14)、α-细辛醚(15)、4-十二烷基苯甲醛(16)、β-谷甾醇(17)、α-波甾醇(18)、对羟基苯甲醛(19)、熊果酸(20)、N-乙酰色胺(21)、胡萝卜苷(22)、(-)-丁香树脂醇(23)。结论所得化合物中除β-谷甾醇外的22个化合物均为首次在芦竹属植物中分离得到。     

A comparison on the metabolic profiling of the Mexican anxiolytic and sedative plant Galphimia glauca four years later

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Galphimia glauca has a long traditional use, and continues to be used in Mexico as a natural tranquilizer for the treatment of Central Nervous System disorders as well as for other illnesses.

Aim of the study

In 2005 the initial use of metabolic profiling to populations of Galphimia glauca resulted in two of the six collected populations being producers for galphimines, the markers for sedative and anxiolytic activities. The aim of this investigation was to confirm the previously established metabolic profile, as well as the previous in vivo results on mice. Additionally in this study we wanted to investigate potential anti-inflammatory properties.

Materials and methods

Four years later, we collected samples in the five localities designated for the first-stage investigation in 2005, and in two new locations. Metabolic profiling was carried out by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis applied to crude extracts from wild plant specimens. HPLC analysis was performed to confirm and quantify the presence of galphimines. Two neuropharmacological in vivo assays on mice were employed to study anxiolytic (elevated plus maze test) and sedative (sodium pentobarbital-induced hypnosis model) activities in the extracts. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by using the tetradecanoylphorbol acetate-induced mouse ear inflammation model (TPA).

Results and conclusions

The results for the 2009 collected species were similar to the 2005 collection, confirming the metabolic profiles and that galphimines are consistent good markers for CNS activity. Galloylquinic acid levels varied between the years without, as of yet, known effects. In vivo anti-inflammatory activity was similar for all plants and thus not linked with galphimines, requiring further studies to identify the active compound(s). Areas of collection affect neuropharmacological activities but not anti-inflammatory action.     

模拟灸在艾灸临床试验中的应用现状与进展探析

近年来,随着艾灸的临床应用日趋广泛,针对艾灸研究的临床试验也日益增多,但是在随机对照临床试验（RCT）中,艾灸的阴性对照—模拟灸的设立成了临床试验的一大难题。本文通过梳理国内外艾灸RCT中模拟灸的设立方法,从艾灸产生的热效应、光辐射效应以及艾烟效应三方面来评价和阐述模拟灸模型的设计及应用方法,以期为今后艾灸RCT中建立一种理想可行的模拟灸模型提供思路     

电针对APP/PS1双转基因老年性痴呆模型小鼠认知能力及海马NMDARs表达的影响＊

目的 研究电针是否通过调节老年性痴呆模型小鼠海马N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸型谷氨酸受体（NMDARs）的表达，保护认知能力，探讨电针防治老年性痴呆的作用机制。方法 16只6月龄雄性APPswe/PS1 dE9（APP/PS1）双转基因小鼠作为老年性痴呆动物模型，采用随机数字表法分为痴呆模型组及电针治疗组，每组8 只；以同月龄C57BL/6J 野生型小鼠8 只为对照组。选用百会穴、印堂穴及水沟穴，电针治疗 20 min/次，隔日干预1次。治疗4周后，运用Morris水迷宫测试观察电针治疗对实验小鼠认知能力的影响，以Western Blot法检测小鼠海马NMDARs表达水平。结果 痴呆模型组小鼠逃避潜伏期较对照组增加，第Ⅲ象限平台穿越次数及停留时间均减少；海马NMDAR1及NMDAR2B的蛋白表达水平下降。与痴呆模型组比较，电针治疗组逃避潜伏期明显减少；NMDAR1及NMDAR2B的表达增加。结论 电针可改善老年性痴呆模型小鼠学习记忆能力，其机制可能与增加海马NMDARs表达有关。     

DNA barcoding of the Mexican sedative and anxiolytic plant Galphimia glauca

Ethnopharmacology relevance

Galphimia glauca (Malpighiaceae) is a Mexican plant popularly used as a tranquilizer in the treatment of nervous system disorders, although it is also used to treat other common illnesses.

Aim of the study

The aim of this investigation is to find out if populations of Galphimia glauca collected in different regions and ecosystems in Mexico actually belong to the same species by using the contemporary technique of DNA barcodes. Our previous metabolic profiling study demonstrates that different collections of this plant obtained from various geographical areas exhibited diverse chemical profiles in terms of the active compounds named Galphimines. We expected the DNA barcodes apart from indicating the different species of Galphimia would indicate the active populations.

Materials and methods

We employed matK, rpoC1 and rbcL DNA barcodes to indicate the different species. Furthermore to investigate the possible impact of the several different ecosystems where the seven populations were collected, thin layer chromatography was employed to create a partial chemical profile, which was then compared with the metabolic profiles obtained by ¹H-NMR and multivariate data analysis.

Results and conclusions

This study showed that the seven populations here analyzed contain at least three different species of the genus Galphimia, although each individual population is homogeneous. Interestingly our TLC analysis clearly showed that the active populations displayed a distinctively unique chemical profile. This work also showed that the use of DNA barcodes combined with chemical profile analysis is an excellent approach to solve the problems of quality control in the development of Galphimia-based medicines as well as for any breeding programs for this species.     

中药及复方减少阿尔茨海默病氧化损伤研究探析

阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）是一种常见的神经系统变性性疾病。氧化应激在AD疾病发生与发展中起着重要作用,从健康人到AD疾病中,抗氧化系统与氧化系统失衡逐渐加重,调节氧化应激水平对AD疾病的进程有积极的意义。中药及复方可通过提高体内抗氧化酶活性,减少自由基生成,来减少Aβ聚集,从而减轻炎症反应及细胞毒性。本文通过综述中药及复方减少AD氧化损伤的研究进展,为临床防治AD提供依据。     

益气养阴方加马齿苋对糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的探讨益气养阴方加马齿苋对糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元一氧化氮合酶（NOS）表述的影响。方法腹腔内注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）制作糖尿病大鼠模型，于造模后1月末以NADPH-d酶组化法观察益气养阴方加马齿苋对大鼠海马CA1区神经元NOS表达的影响。结果益气养阴方加马齿苋防治组大鼠比糖尿病组大鼠NOS表达增加（P〈0．05）。结论益气养阴方加马齿苋可以有效防治糖尿病大鼠海马CA1区神经元退行性变化。     

电子瘫痪治疗仪配合通络液治疗急性脑梗死86例疗效观察

目的:观察电子瘫痪治疗仪配合通络液治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效。方法:将148例急性脑梗死患者随机分为2 组。对照组62例,采用常规西药治疗;治疗组86例,在对照组治疗基础上加用电子瘫痪治疗仪并配合应用通络液。主要观察临床疗效、神经功能缺损评分并检测治疗前后及血液流变学各项指标。结果:总有效率治疗组为91.86％,对照组为79.03％,2组比较,差异有显著性意叉(P<0.05)。而且治疗组治疗后血液流变学各项指标及神经功能缺损评分均有明显改善。结论:电子瘫痪治疗仪配合通络液对急性脑梗死患者的血液流变学各项指标有明显改善,与常规治疗合用临床疗效更显著。     

Chemical and biological characterization of polysaccharides from wild and cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana

Ethnopharmacological relevance

In Malian traditional medicine the roots of Vernonia kotschyana are used for treating gastric ulcer and gastritis. In 2006, 9000 kg of roots from Vernonia kotschyana were used to produce Gastrosedal, an ameliorated traditional medicine in Mali. Harvesting from the wild, the main source of raw material, is causing a growing concern of diminishing populations of the plant, and Vernonia kotschyana is now being cultivated in several areas around Mali. In the current study the structures and bioactive properties of isolated polysaccharides from wild and cultivated Vernonia kotschyana were compared.

Materials and methods

Pectin- and inulin-type polysaccharides were isolated from the roots of cultivated and wild Vernonia kotschyana. The isolated polysaccharides were investigated regarding their chemical compositions, and for their abilities to fixate human complement and activate macrophages from a mouse macrophage cell line.

Results

No significant differences in the carbohydrate composition of the fractions isolated from the cultivated versus the wild roots were observed. A previously reported pectic arabinogalactan Vk2a was found in both the cultivated and the wild roots in this study, and exhibited potent complement fixation activity, and a moderate activation of macrophages.

Conclusions

The present study has shown that the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana contain the same types of bioactive polysaccharides as the wild roots. It is therefore preliminarily feasible for the cultivated roots of Vernonia kotschyana to be used as a herbal medicine to replace the wild roots.