原发性输尿管癌的诊断与治疗(附20例报告)

目的:提高原发性输尿管癌的诊断与治疗水平。方法:回顾性分析20例原发性输尿管癌患者的临床表现、诊断与治疗方法。结果:对中老年人不明原因的单侧腰痛、肾积水、间歇性全程肉眼血尿应考虑该病。术前采用B超、IVU、CT、膀胱镜、逆行尿路造影、MRU检查,确诊为原发性输尿管癌14例,术后病理检查20例均为原发性输尿管移行细胞癌。结论:要提高原发性输尿管癌的术前诊断准确率,需要术前采用多种诊断方法。     

原发性输尿管癌的影像诊断（附10例报告）

目的：评价原发性输尿管癌的各种影像学诊断方法的价值。方法：10例原发性输尿管癌均为移行上皮细胞癌。男性6例,女性4例,平均年龄67岁。选择应用了静脉尿路造影、逆行尿路造影、肾穿刺造影、B超和CT扫描。结果：肉眼血尿、腰痛和肾积水是本病三大临床表现。静脉尿路造影（IVU）诊断2例（18．18％）,逆行尿路造影和肾穿刺造影诊断5例（83．33％）,B超对10例均未发现输尿管肿瘤,CT扫描诊断2例。结论：逆行尿路造影为原发性输尿管癌影像学诊断最有价值的方法,CT对肿瘤的分期有一定帮助,B超可做筛选应用。     

输尿管癌的早期诊断及影像学特点

目的总结和分析输尿管癌的典型临床表现及影像学特点,提高输尿管癌的诊疗水平。方法回顾性总结2008年7月至2017年3月该院术后病理证实为输尿管癌28例,分析其典型临床表现、影像学特点及治疗方案。结果 28例中8例仅表现为无痛性全程肉眼血尿,4例仅表现为腰痛,12例表现为全程肉眼血尿伴腰痛,血尿皆出现于腰痛之前,4例无任何临床表现均于体检时发现。泌尿系B超的检出率为66.7%;CT尿路造影(CTU)的检出率为85.7%;静脉尿路造影(IVU)+尿路平片(KUB)的检出率为71.4%;逆行肾盂造影检出率为75.0%;输尿管镜检的检出率为92.9%,所取组织病理活检检出率为57.7%;荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检出率为64.3%。28例皆行腹腔镜联合下腹部切口输尿管癌根治性切除术,术后病理检查皆证实为输尿管癌,其中浸润性高级别尿路上皮癌20例,浸润性低级别尿路上皮癌8例。结论肉眼血尿是输尿管癌的主要临床表现,可伴或不伴有腰痛。影像学检查常提示患侧肾积水、梗阻部位以上输尿管扩张积水等表现。输尿管镜检对输尿管癌的检出率最高,但由此方法所取的组织病理活检阳性率并不理想;CTU、逆行肾盂造影的检出率也较高,但均稍低于输尿管镜检+病理活检,泌尿系B超、FISH、IVU+KUB可作为输尿管癌的术后复查及初筛手段。联合运用CTU和输尿管镜检+病理活检可有效提高输尿管癌的正确诊断率。目前输尿管癌以手术治疗为主,标准术式为腹腔镜联合下腹部切口输尿管癌根治性切除术,切除范围包括患侧肾脏、全长输尿管及膀胱袖状切除。     

原发性输尿管移行细胞癌（附31例报告）

报道原发性输尿管移行细胞癌３１例，文中对原发性输尿管移行细胞的临床表现，治疗，特别是诊断进行了讨论。认为尿路造影，膀胱管镜检查以及输尿管镜检查是最重要的诊断手段，患侧肾输尿管全切及膀胱袖状切除为首选手术。     

输尿管移行细胞癌的磁共振尿路造影诊断

目的评估磁共振尿路造影（MRU）对输尿管移行细胞癌的诊断价值,方法 采用快速自旋回（FSE）重T2WI技术的磁共振尿路造影和旬学检查方法检测15例输尿管移行细胞癌患者。结果 输尿管中上段癌11例,下段癌4例,MRU共同征象;梗阻端输尿管腔内有中等信号的肿块,呈结节状或分叶状,表现为充盈缺损征象,梗阻以上尿路扩张。结论 MRU是一种安全、无创的影像学检查方法,结合其他影像学检查方法,对输尿管移行细胞癌有很高的诊断价值。     

影像学及腔内技术在输尿管癌诊断中的应用

目的：提高输尿管癌术前及时诊断水平。方法：结合有关文献对32例输尿管癌采用影像学及腔内技术检查的选择及其临床特点进行分析。结果：输尿管癌的首发症状以肉眼血尿最常见,32例术后经病理检查证实。与术前影像学腔内技术检查诊断符合率为100％。结论：输尿管癌有时缺乏典型症状,凡原因不明血尿患者,影像学及腔内技术检查有极其重要作用。经B型超声波或静脉尿路造影影检查发现肾积水或肾不显影时,应考虑到输尿管癌的可能。在各种检查中,逆行肾盂造影和输尿管镜检查是最重要的诊断方法。     

原发性输尿管癌的诊断和治疗

目的：提高原发性输尿管癌的诊断与治疗水平．方法：对1993～2002年收治28例原发性输尿管癌进行随访,分析其临床表现、影像学特点、手术方式、病检结果及预后：结果：本组28例,肉眼血尿21例,占75％;肾绞痛4例,占14％;腰痛17例,占61％经影像学榆查发现异常后,均通过手术治疗。术后病理证实为移行细胞癌。其中5例生存小足一年(3例Ⅳ期、G3级;2例Ⅲ期、G3级);生存5年以上4例,均为Ⅰ期G1级：结论：原发性输尿管癌的预后主要与肿瘤的分级、分期密切相关,运用综合诊断措施可使原发性输尿管癌获得早期诊断和治疗。     

原发性上尿路非移行细胞癌12例分析

目的:探讨原发性上尿路非移行细胞癌的临床特点及预后.方法:结合文献回顾性分析12例原发性上尿路非移行细胞癌临床和病理资料.结果:12例中伴血尿症状8例,泌尿系结石病史7例,慢性肾盂肾炎病史1例,生化武器接触史1例.B超下平均大小:肾盂占位6.2 cm×4.3 cm,输尿管占位2.9 cm×1.1 cm.输尿管镜检2例,发现肾盂、输尿管肿瘤各1例.患者均接受手术治疗,病理示肾盂鳞癌4例,腺癌1例;输尿管鳞癌6例,腺鳞癌1例.9例于18个月内死亡,中位生存期10.3个月.结论:原发性上尿路非移行细胞癌临床罕见,一般认为与泌尿系结石感染等长期刺激因素有关,常分期较晚,预后差.     

原发性输尿管癌13例的CT和MR诊断及鉴别诊断

原发性输尿管癌相对少见，约占整个泌尿系统上皮肿瘤的2．5％～5％，约占所有上尿路癌的1％，90％以上的输尿管癌为移行上皮癌。临床上好发于中老年男性，以输尿管下段最多见，常表现为无痛性血尿。病理组织类型大多为移行细胞癌，其次为鳞状细胞癌，腺癌，未分化癌。随着多层螺旋CT技术和MR扫描机及软件技术的提高，CT和MR目前已经成为输尿管疾病的主要检查手段之一。     

原发性输尿管癌20例诊断和治疗

目的 :为提高原发性输尿管癌的诊治水平。方法 :回顾性分析 2 0例原发性输尿管癌的临床资料 ,总结诊治经验。结果 :2 0例均为移行细胞癌 ,术前确诊 18例 ,占 90 %。 16例获随访 3个月～ 8年 ,死亡 5例 ,2例再发膀胱癌 ,1例再发残端输尿管癌。结论 :膀胱镜检查及逆行输尿管肾盂造影是原发性输尿管癌诊断的重要的检查方法 ,术前联合采用多种检查可提高其诊断率 ;肾输尿管全长切除及膀胱袖口状切除术仍是其主要术式     

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urethra [correction of ureter] in a patient with buttock pain: a case report

Murphy DR, Morris NJ. Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter in a patient with buttock pain: a case report.This case reports on a patient with an unusual presentation of a rare tumor: urethral transitional cell carcinoma (TCC). Urethral TCC occurs in approximately 0.7% to 4.0% of patients who have had primary bladder cancer. The initial symptoms usually involve hematuria, with approximately a third of patients reporting flank area pain. Buttock pain and the absence of hematuria are uncommon with this disorder. The patient was initially suspected to have piriformis syndrome, but when he did not respond as expected to treatment, and because of his history of primary bladder cancer, further evaluation was undertaken and the diagnosis was made. The patient responded well to radiation and chemotherapy. Musculoskeletal physicians should be particularly suspicious of the presence of urethral TCC in a patient with a history of primary bladder cancer who reports low back or buttock pain, particularly if the patient does not respond quickly to treatment.     

Sonographic diagnosis of ureteral tumors.

We present our experience with transabdominal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ureteral tumors. During the years 1989 to 1998, 16 patients were diagnosed as having ureteral tumors. These patients were referred for sonographic examination for evaluation of hematuria (seven patients) or flank pain (four patients) or for follow-up screening in patients who were asymptomatic but at high risk for transitional cell carcinoma because of known past bladder tumor (five patients). Ten of these patients underwent intravenous urography examination, three patients had retrograde pyelography, and 11 patients underwent CT scanning. Ultrasonography revealed the ureteral tumors in all 16 patients, which appeared as hypoechoic intraluminal soft tissue. Three tumors were localized in the upper ureter, four in the middle ureter, and nine in the distal ureter. The degree of ureterohydronephrosis was minimal (two cases), mild (five cases), moderate (eight cases), or severe (one case). Eleven tumors caused local widening of the ureteral diameter. On intravenous urography, four patients had a nonfunctioning kidney, three patients had unexplained ureterohydronephrosis, and three patients showed ureteral filling defects, of which only two had irregular contours. On retrograde pyelography, two patients had filling defects (one of which with smooth margins), and one had a truncated ureter. On CT the tumor was clearly demonstrated in only seven patients. We found that ultrasonography can be a useful diagnostic tool in the workup of ureteral tumors.     

原发性输尿管癌28例临床分析

【目的】提高原发性输尿管癌的早期诊断及治疗水平。【方法】对1998-2008年的28例原发性输尿管癌患者的诊断、治疗方法及预后的临床资料进行总结。【结果】28例术后经病理检查证实为输尿管癌,本病的早期症状为肉眼血尿、患侧腰痛、患侧肾积水等;彩超、尿路造影、输尿管镜检、CT及MRI水成像为重要的诊断手段;患侧肾、全输尿管及膀胱袖状切除术为首选术式。25例患者获随访,随访时间6个月至8年,死于输尿管癌术后转移8例,4例死于非肿瘤性疾病,存活13例。【结论】对原因不明的肾积水伴有血尿者要考虑本病的可能,联合应用多种检查可提高早期诊断率;对老龄患者取腹部弧形切口先行输尿管及膀胱袖状切除后再向上行肾切除创伤小、安全可行;对输尿管鳞癌建议术后定期行放疗。     

下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治

【目的】总结下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治经验。【方法】对6例下腔静脉后输尿管患者的症状,影像学检查和治疗进行回顾性分析。【结果】6例均有右腰胀痛,2例有发作性血尿,1例继发输尿管结石且伴肾绞痛发作。诊断主要依据IVU及逆行输尿管造影,表现为肾及输尿管上段积水,呈“S”形扩张。6例均行狭窄段切除,输尿管复位成形术。随访8个月至12年,所有患者症状消失,肾积水明显减轻。【结论】对不明原因的右肾及右输尿管上段积水者应考虑到本病可能,IVU及逆行输尿管造影是主要诊断方法,狭窄段切除,输尿管复位成形术效果良好。     

Spontaneous ureteral rupture and review of the literature

Introduction

Spontaneous ureteral rupture is defined as non-traumatic urinary leakage from the ureter. This is a diagnosis that, although uncommon, is important for emergency physicians to know about. The literature is relatively sparse.

Materials and Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients who were diagnosed with spontaneous ureteral rupture. From 2006 to 2012, 18 patients were diagnosed by radiography (computed tomography or intravenous urogram) with spontaneous ureteral rupture. These cases all showed extravasation of the contrast outside the excretory system. We evaluated underlying causes, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and outcomes.

Results

There were 9 men and 9 women with a median age of 59 years (range, 22-82 years). In 56% of patients, a ureteral stone was the cause; in 17% of, a ureteral stricture; in 1 patient, a ureteral tumor; and in the remaining 22%, no cause was identified. In 13 patients (72.2%), primary ureteroscopy to place D-J stents was performed. The average duration of ureteral catheter stenting was 21 days (range, 8-45 days). The other 5 patients (27.8%) were managed conservatively with antibiotic treatment and the outcome was good.

Conclusions

Ureteral stones most commonly cause spontaneous ureteral rupture. In our experience, most patients received ureteroscopy and Double-J stenting. Conservative management with antibiotics also had good outcomes. Most patients had sudden onset of abdominal or flank pain. Spontaneous ureteral rupture should be kept in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute abdominal or flank pain in the emergency department.     

马蹄肾合并肾输尿管肿瘤6例报告并文献复习

目的探讨马蹄肾合并肾输尿管肿瘤的诊断与治疗方法。方法回顾性分析6例马蹄肾并发肾或输尿管肿瘤患者的临床资料,其中马蹄肾并发肾癌3例,马蹄肾并发输尿管癌2例,马蹄肾并发肾盂癌1例。介绍各类患者的临床表现、诊断及治疗方法。结果 3例肾癌患者1例行根治性肾切除术,1例行腹腔镜肾部分切除术,1例放弃治疗。2例输尿管癌1例行肾输尿管全长切除术,1例行输尿管肿瘤切除术。1例肾盂癌患者行肾输尿管全长切除术。手术过程均顺利,术后患者恢复良好,无外科并发症。结论马蹄肾合并肾输尿管肿瘤临床罕见,手术治疗是首选治疗方案。术前通过影像学评估血管及集合系统变异,术中对峡部的妥善处理是手术成功的关键。     

原发性输尿管移形细胞癌的CT表现

目的：探讨原发性输尿管移形细胞癌的ＣＴ表现及ＣＴ检查对该病的诊断价值。材料与方法：８例患者均作了ＣＴ平扫与增强扫描，其中３例４～８小时后还作了延迟扫描。全部病例均经手术、病理证实为移行细胞癌。结果：原发性输尿管移形细胞癌直接ＣＴ征象为管壁的不规则增厚及管腔的不规则狭窄，部分表现局部软组织肿块，位于下端的可突入膀胱。间接征象为肾盂肾盏扩张、淋巴结转移及输尿管瘘。ＣＴ检查既可观察腔内病变又可显示腔外肿瘤情况及远处转移，且为无创性检查。结论：ＣＴ检查是诊断原发性输尿管癌的有效手段。