流式细胞术检测冠心病患者血小板表面糖蛋白的变化

目的 观察冠心病患者及其亚组的血小板膜P选择素(CD62P)和糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(PAC-1)的变化及其意义.方法 采用流式细胞仪三色荧光标记技术来测定急性冠脉综合征、慢性心肌缺血综合征患者及22名健康对照组的血小板表面糖蛋白(CD62p/PAC-1)的表达率,并比较其变化.结果 病例组的血小板表面糖蛋白表达率显著高于对照组,其中急性冠脉综合征患者的PAC-1:(15.54±6.43)%,CD62p:(9.83±6.06)%,与对照组相比(P＜0.001),慢性心肌缺血综合征PAC-1:(5.38±2.62)%,CD62p:(11.00±6.37%),较对照组也有显著升高(P＜0.001).急性冠脉综合征组的PAC-1水平显著高于慢性心肌缺血综合征CIS组P＜0.001.结论 冠心病患者处于血小板高度活化状态,其中急性冠脉综合征患者血小板处于活化的早期阶段,而慢性心肌缺血综合征患者血小板处于慢性激活状态,CD62P和PAC-1是血小板功能检测非常敏感的指标.     

流式细胞术检测脑梗死患者的血小板活化

目的应用流式细胞术(FCM)三色分析检测全血活化血小板表达,研究其在脑梗死发生发展过程中的意义。方法应用 FCM 三色荧光标记即 PAC-1-FITC、CD 62P-PE、CD 61-PerCP 检测本院神经内科、急诊科72例脑梗死患者及15例对照者活化血小板情况,并对其结果进行比较。结果脑梗死组患者血小板 PAC-1表达为5.80±5.20%、 CD 62P 的表达为8.07±3.85%。正常对照组血小板 PAC-1表达为1.13±0.74%、CD 62P 的表达为0.23±0.15%。脑梗死组患者与正常对照组血小板 PAC-1、CD 62P 的表达差异有显著性(P＜0.01)。结论 FCM 检测活化血小板特异性高,结果真实可靠,为判断脑梗死及其他血栓性疾病的发生发展提供了可靠的依据。     

抗血小板治疗对急性冠脉综合征患者血小板活化标志物表达的影响

目的:研究急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者外周血血小板活化标志物(CD62P及PAC-1)的表达,探讨血小板活化在急性冠脉综合征发生过程中的作用及抗血小板治疗对其的影响.方法:采用流式细胞仪技术测定85例ACS患者外周血CD62P及PAC-1,并与30例正常对照组比较.85例ACS患者中单用阿司匹林组(41例)与联用阿司匹林及氯吡格雷组(44例)比较.结果:ACS患者的CD62P及PAC-1表达水平显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.01);ACS患者单用阿司匹林或联用氯吡格雷治疗前后的CD62P及PAC-1表达水平有显著差异(P＜0.01);单用阿司匹林组与联用阿司匹林及氯吡格雷组比较也有统计学差异(P＜0.01).结论:外周血血小板活化标志物(CD62P及PAC-1)可以作为ACS患者血小板被激活的指标而检测,抗血小板治疗能抑制CD62P及PAC-1的表达,联用阿司匹林及氯吡格雷可以更好地抑制血小板激活,减少血小板聚集.     

脑梗死患者检测活化血小板的临床意义

目的 探讨脑梗死患者治疗前后血小板活化状态的变化和临床意义.方法 应用三色免疫荧光流式细胞术(FCM)检测100例脑梗死患者治疗前后血小板活化标志物PAC-Ⅰ及CD62P阳性率的变化,并且与健康者对照.结果 与健康对照者比较,脑梗死患者血小板膜糖蛋白PAC-Ⅰ及CD62P的阳性率明显升高(P＜0.01);治疗2周后,脑梗死患者血小板膜糖蛋白PAC-Ⅰ及CD62P的阳性率较治疗前明显下降(P＜0.01).结论 脑梗死患者体内血小板处于活化状态,治疗后血小板活化程度降低.FCM可以作为血小板活化的检测手段.     

血栓性心脑血管疾病与血小板微颗粒及其膜功能蛋白表达的关系

目的: 运用以全血为标本的流式细胞仪(FCM)检测血小板微颗粒(PMP)方法,检测观察血栓性心脑血管疾病患者治疗前后PMP及其表面膜糖蛋白GPIIb/IIIa(PAC-1)及P-选择素(CD62P)的活化比率的变化;探讨PMP及PAC-1及CD62P活化比率检测在血栓性心脑血管疾病发病机制中的作用及其在病情预测和预后评价中的意义. 方法: 采用流式细胞仪分别对正常对照组、治疗前和治疗后血栓性心脑血管疾病组进行测定,分析各组PMP表达状况, CD62P, GPIIb/IIIa活化比率. 结果: ①正常对照组PMP: (65.5±9.8)/104Plt, CD62P: (3.2±0.8)%, PAC-1: (7.0±1.0)%; PMP:(64.3±8.3)/104Plt, PAC-1:(6.8±0.7)%, CD62P:(3.0±0.7)%, PMP:(64.3±8.2)/104Plt, PAC-1:(6.8±0.7)%, CD62P:(3.0±0.7)%;②血栓性心血管疾病组治疗前PMP:(209.2±21.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(54.7±7.8)%, PAC-1:(87.4±7.1)%;治疗后PMP:(117.9±11.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(25.2±6.3)%, PAC-1:(46.2±5.1)%;两者的PMP, CD62P, PAC-1水平均较正常对照组有显著性升高(P＜0.01);治疗后较治疗前有显著性下降(P＜0.01). ③血栓性脑血管疾病组治疗前PMP:(217.3±36.6)/104Plt, CD62P:(52.8±9.3)%, PAC-1:(79.9±6.8)%; 治疗后PMP:(134.2±12.9)/104Plt, CD62P:(24.3±6.1)%, PAC-1:(42.2±5.1)%;两者的PMP, CD62P, PAC-1水平均较正常对照组有显著性升高(P＜0.01);治疗后较治疗前有显著性下降(P＜0.01). 结论: PMP及其表面膜糖蛋白PAC-1及CD62P表达的检测可作为血栓性心脑血管疾病疗效及预后判断的临床辅助诊断特异性指标之一,并为心脑血管疾病患者长期药物治疗提供理论依据.     

急性等容血液稀释对高龄全髋关节置换术患者围术期血小板活化功能的影响

目的 观察急性等容血液稀释(acute isovolemic hemodilution,ANH)对高龄全髋关节置换术患者围术期血小板活化功能的影响及临床意义.方法 择期在全身麻醉下行全髋关节置换术患者40例,美国麻醉学会(ASA)Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机分为ANH组和对照组(n=20).采用流式细胞仪检测患者在麻醉诱导前、ANH后30min、术毕、术后1天和术后3天PAC-1和CD62P的表达.结果 两组患者除麻醉诱导前,其他各时间点纤维蛋白原受体(platelet activation complement-1,PAC-1)、P-选择素(P-selectin,又命名CD62P)和PLT水平差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).ANH组血液稀释后30min、PAC-1、CD62P和PLT水平都降低;术毕PAC-1和CD62P进一步活化,与麻醉诱导前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);术后1天PAC-1和CD62P逐步下降,术后3天恢复到术前水平.而PLT术后各时间点,逐步回升,与麻醉诱导前比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 术前行ANH能抑制高龄全髋关节置换术患者围术期血小板的过度活化,对预防老年患者围术期血栓形成有一定的作用.     

冠心病合并糖尿病患者体内血小板活化标志物表达的意义

目的 控讨冠心病合并糖尿病患者体内血小板活化标志物表达的意义.方法 利用流式细胞术检测入院即刻、治疗14d后或出院前CD62p及PAC-1的表达率,并比较其水平的变化;在全自动生化分析仪上测定血糖、血脂等指标.结果 空腹血糖随着病情进展分别增高,血糖与血小板活化指标PAC-1、CD62p的浓度呈正相关关系.结论 冠心病患者如合并高血糖,CD62p、PAC-1值比普通冠心病患者更高,且血糖与CD62p、PAC-1成正相关.     

冠心病患者血小板膜P选择素(CD62p)和GPⅡbⅢa(PAC-1)的变化及其临床意义

目的:探讨冠心病患者血小板膜P选择素(CD62p)和GPⅡbⅢa(PAC-1)的变化及其临床意义。方法:选择冠心病患者60例为观察组,同时选择健康人员60例为对照组,测量两组患者血小板膜P选择素(CD62p)以及GPⅡbⅢa(PAC-1)指标,分析冠心病患者出现的变化。结果:观察组患者同对照组患者比较而言,血小板膜PAC-1阳性百分率及平均荧光强度(Mean fluorescentintensity,MFI)明显增高。结论:血小板膜P选择素(CD62p)和GPⅡbⅢa(PAC-1)的变化在有无冠心病人群之中存在显著差异,对其进行检测能够在临床上识别同时预测易损斑块,从而及时采取有效的治疗措施,防止冠心病恶化进而降低冠心病患者的病残率以及病死率。     

不稳定型心绞痛患者治疗前后外周血中PAC-1和CD62P的变化

目的 探讨血小板活化指标血小板α颗粒糖蛋白CD62P、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb-Ⅲa复合物纤维蛋白原受体PAC-1在不稳定型心绞痛（UA）患者治疗前后的变化规律。方法 采用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测58例住院uA患者外周血中CD62P、PAC-1在治疗前后的表达,同期以24例健康人为对照。结果 UA组的CD62P、PAC-1表达率较对照组明显升高（P〈0．01）,治疗后明显降低,但仍高于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论 UA患者体内血小板处于高度活化状态,PAC-1、CD62P可作为冠心病发生急性事件监测的有效指标。     

急性冠脉综合征患者介入治疗前后血小板活化标志物、聚集功能及凝血活性的变化

目的:探讨血小板活化分子标志物P-选择素(CD62P)、血小板膜糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa(PAC-1)、血小板聚集率(MAR)、血浆纤维蛋白原(Fib)、凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化部分凝血活酶时间(APTT)及凝血酶时间(TT)在急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者介入治疗前后的变化。方法:采用流式细胞术检测ACS患者和冠状动脉造影结果正常者血清中CD62p及PAC-1水平,采用血小板聚集仪检测各组人群血小板聚集率(MAR)水平,应用凝血分析仪检测血浆Fib、PT、APTT及TT水平。观察各组患者经皮冠脉介入(PCI)术前后CD62p、PAC-1、MAR、Fib、PT、APTT及TT水平的变化。结果:ACS患者中,不稳定心绞痛(UAP)组及急性心肌梗死(AMI)组术后CD62p、PAC-1以及MAR水平较术前均明显升高(P<0.01),AMI组显著高于UAP组(P<0.05),UAP组和AMI组术后血浆Fib浓度较术前均显著升高(P<0.01),PT、APTT及TT的水平显著降低(P<0.01)。结论:ACS患者血小板活化程度及凝血活性水平升高可能是PCI术后血栓形成及支架内再狭窄的原因,检测ACS患者治疗前后CD62P、PAC-1、MAR、Fib、PT、APTT及TT水平对观察病情和预后判定具有重要意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.