HIV-1B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp120基因真核表达载体的构建及其在HepG2细胞中的表达

目的克隆人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp120基因,构建真核表达载体,并在真核细胞中表达,进一步为制备自行设计的以λ噬菌体作为载体的HIV核酸疫苗奠定基础。方法以克隆好的HIV-1B亚型U26942全基因质粒DNA作为模板,根据Genbank中gp120基因的核苷酸序列设计引物,并在引物的5'端分别引入BamHⅠ及XhoⅠ酶切位点,特异性地扩增gp120基因。TA克隆后经双酶切、测序等鉴定重组质粒,再经双酶切、连接构建含gp120编码基因的真核表达载体,并进行酶切鉴定分析pcDNA3.1( )/gp120。在脂质体介导下转染HepG2细胞,经G418压力筛选建立稳定转染gp120基因的细胞系,用RT-PCR及Westernboltting检测其在HepG2细胞中的表达。结果重组质粒经BamHⅠ、XhoⅠ双酶切成5.4kb与1.44kb的片断,表明表达载体pcDNA3.1( )中插入了gp120基因片断,测序结果表明编码框正确。RT-PCR及Westernblotting证实稳定转染gp120基因的HepG2细胞系中有该基因的表达。结论成功构建了HIV-1B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp120基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )/gp120,并在HepG2细胞中获得稳定表达。     

V3环缺失的HIV-1 ADA株包膜表达载体构建及鉴定

目的构建V3环缺失的HIV-1 ADA株包膜糖蛋白表达体系。方法分别设计包膜糖蛋白两端及V3环两端的两对引物，采用重叠延伸剪接法，进行HIV-1 ADA株包膜糖蛋白V3环缺失体的构建。得到的PCR产物经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切，与pSM载体连接，构建HIV-1 ADA株包膜糖蛋白V3环缺失的表达载体(pSM—ADA△V3)，转化大肠杆菌后筛选阳性克隆，经PCR及基因序列测定进行鉴定。结果获得HIV-1 ADA株包膜糖蛋白V3环缺失体PCR产物，构建了其表达载体pSM—ADA△V3，经转化和筛选获得了重组菌，经PCR及基因测序结果显示重组质粒序列正确，为预期目的片段。结论成功构建了V3环缺失的HIV-1 ADA株包膜糖蛋白的表达载体。此结果为进一步构建伪病毒，观察V3环完全或部分缺失对病毒侵入靶细胞过程的影响，为开发阻止HIV-1进入靶细胞的药物或疫苗打下基础。     

乙肝病毒全长基因组真核表达载体构建

目的构建乙肝病毒全长基因组真核表达载体。方法PCR一步法扩增乙肝病毒全长基因组;乙肝病毒基因组和真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )经HindⅢ和EcoRⅠ双酶切,连接并转化大肠杆菌DH5α。结果PCR、酶切和测序表明乙肝病毒全长基因组成功插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )。结论成功构建乙肝病毒全长基因组真核表达载体。     

单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型糖蛋白D酵母表达载体的构建

目的:构建含有单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型包膜糖蛋白D全基因片段的克隆载体及酵母表达载体,为进一步真核表达重组gD蛋白奠定基础.方法:应用PCR方法从HSV-Ⅰ基因组中扩增糖蛋白D的全长基因,产物回收后与pMD-18T载体连接,并转化,经氨苄筛选及测序,建立克隆载体pMD18T-gD;克隆载体与表达载体双酶切后,产物连接、转化大肠杆菌JM109,筛选、测序后确定构建了酵母表达载体pGAPZαA-gD.结果:重组质粒pMD18T-gD和pGAPZαA-gD经PCR和酶切均出现相应长度的片段,测序结果证实为gD基因,序列分析同源性为99.66%.结论:成功构建了含有单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型糖蛋白D全基因的克隆载体及酵母表达质粒.     

亚细胞定位PTEN基因真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的：构建人野生型亚细胞定位PTEN基因真核表达载体,为进一步研究其抗肿瘤作用奠定基础。 方法：以胎盘组织RNA为模板,利用RT-PCR技术扩增目的基因片段。PCR产物与T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得T-PTEN质粒,进行酶切鉴定和测序。以T-PTEN质粒为模板,利用PCR技术将核定位信号（NSL）加入PTEN序列。PCR产物与T载体连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得T-NSL-PTEN质粒。真核表达载体pcDNA3.1及T-NSL-PTEN质粒经EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切后连接,转化大肠杆菌,获得重组载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN,进行酶切和测序鉴定。结果：重组质粒PUM-PTEN酶切在1　200　bp处见目的片段,与预期结果符合。测序结果显示基因序列与目的基因完全一致;重组质粒PUM-NSL-PTEN酶切在1　200 bp处见目的片段,测序结果显示基因序列与设计一致,核定位信号成功加入;重组质粒pcDNA3.1-PTEN酶切在1 200 bp处见目的片段,测序结果显示基因序列与目的基因相同;重组载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN经双酶切和测序证实了其正确性EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切在1　200 bp处见目的片段,与预期结果一致。测序结果显示,核定位信号成功加入,其后是阅读框架正确的PTEN基因序列。结论：成功构建可表达亚细胞定位PTEN的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-NSL-PTEN。     

分泌型核心蛋白聚糖真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建分泌型核心蛋白聚糖(DCN)真核表达载体,为研究DCN的生物学功能奠定基础。方法：利用特异性引物,应用PCR技术扩增DCN全长基因cDNA片段,与 pcDNA3.1载体进行连接,并转化到大肠杆菌JM109中扩增以获得重组载体,应用双酶切、PCR以及测序鉴定此重组载体。结果：获得了约1080 bp大小的特异性DNA片段;PCR产物与真核表达载体进行连接,经过双酶切、PCR以及测序鉴定证实分泌型DCN cDNA片段正确插入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1中。结论：成功克隆了分泌型DCN cDNA,并且构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-DCN。     

尿路致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛fim H基因真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的 构建以尿路致病性大肠杆菌临床分离株Ⅰ型菌毛编码基因fimH 为目的基因的真核表达载体pcDNA3.0-fimH.方法 提取尿路致病性大肠杆菌临床株基因组DNA,PCR扩增fimH基因片段,然后克隆至TA载体,通过PCR 、酶切及测序鉴定后,将fimH基因片段用限制性内切酶切下克隆至真核表达载体pcDNA3.0,构建pcDNA3.0-fimH重组质粒.通过PCR 、酶切对重组质粒pcDNA3.0-fimH进行鉴定.结果 PCR 法克隆出全长为903 bp 的fimH基因并构建了pcDNA3.0-fimH重组质粒.结论 本研究成功构建尿路致病性大肠杆菌Ⅰ型菌毛fimH基因真核表达质粒pcDNA3.0-fimH,为尿路致病性大肠杆菌基因疫苗的研制奠定了基础.     

HIV-1 B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp41基因真核表达载体的构建与鉴定

目的 克隆人类免疫缺陷病毒Ⅰ型B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp41基因并构建真核表达我体，进一步为制备自行设计的以λ噬茵体作为栽体的HIV核酸疫苗奠定基础。方法以 克隆好的HIV-1B亚型U26942全基因质粒DNA作为模板，根据Genbank中gp41基因的核苷酸序列设计引物，并在引物的5’端分别引入Kpn Ⅰ及Xho.Ⅰ酶切位点，特异性的扩增gp41基因。TA克隆后经双酶切、测序等鉴定重组质粒，再经双酶切、连接构建含gp41编码基因的真核表达栽体，并进行酶切及测序鉴定分析peDNA3、1（＋）／gp41。结果 重组质粒经Kpn Ⅰ，XhoⅠ双酶切成5、4kb与1．0kb的片断，表明表达载体peDNA3、1（＋）中插入了gp41基因片断，测序结果表明编码框正确。结论 成功构建了HIV-1B亚型包膜糖蛋白gp41基因的真核表达栽体peDNA3．1（＋）／gp41。     

人核心蛋白聚糖真核表达载体的构建及鉴定

目的：构建人核心蛋白聚糖（DCN）真核表达载体,为进一步研究其生物学活性奠定基础。 方法：采用聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增目的片段,PCR产物及真核表达载体pcDNA3分别双酶切后进行连接,并转化入大肠杆菌JM109中扩增以获得重组载体。 结果：PCR获得与预期大小一致的、约1 000 bp的特异性DNA片段,PCR产物与表达载体经双酶切后连接,构建重组载体pcDNA-dec,经双酶切鉴定及测序证实,人DCN基因cDNA片段正确插入真核表达载体中。结论：成功构建人DCN真核表达载体pcDNA-dec。     

人pcDNA3.1-TPX2真核表达载体的构建与表达

目的:构建TPX2的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-TPX2,并观察其在食管癌EC9706细胞中的表达。方法:在pQE-70-TPX2原核表达载体基础上,根据GenBank上提供的TPX2基因序列及测序结果,采用Primer Premier 5.0软件设计扩增TPX2基因编码区的引物序列,经HindⅢ和BamHⅠ双酶切,与真核表达载体pcDNA3.1连接后转化感受态大肠杆菌JM109,并进行酶切分析和序列测定。将构建的质粒pcDNA3.1-TPX2体外转染EC9706细胞,进行稳定筛选。用Western blot鉴定基因的表达。结果:DNA测序和BLAST比对表明克隆的人TPX2基因序列正确,进一步酶切分析显示,成功构建了真核表达载体pcDNA3.1-TPX2,并在EC9706细胞中获得稳定表达。结论:TPX2基因真核表达载体的成功构建为后续研究TPX2基因在肿瘤细胞中的功能奠定了基础。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.