卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞耐药性和髓样分化因子88关系的研究

目的：研究卵巢癌亲本A2780细胞与卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞A2780/Taxol生物学特性及与髓样分化因子（Myeloid dif－ferentiation factor 88,MyD88）的关系。方法：应用CCK-8法检测A2780细胞和A2780/Taxol细胞的耐药性和耐药指数,采用流式细胞法检测A2780和A2780/Taxol细胞的细胞周期。应用罗丹明123（Rhodamine 123,Rh123）排出实验测定P-糖蛋白（P-gly－coprotein,P-gp）表达。应用Western blot检测A2780和A2780/Taxol细胞中P-gp的表达情况。应用细胞免疫化学检测A2780和A2780/Taxol细胞中MyD88、P-gp的表达情况。结果：A2780与A2780/Taxol相比,A2780/Taxol生长缓慢,呈G1期阻滞;CCK-8结果显示A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇的IC50为（36.81±2.05） μg/ml,A2780细胞对紫杉醇的IC50为（1.40±0.18） μg/ml;两者的耐药指数（Resistance index,RI）为26.35。Rh123排出实验显示A2780/Taxol平均荧光强度显著降低。Western blot检测发现A2780/Taxol的P-gp表达比A2780明显升高（P<0.05）。细胞免疫化学检测发现A2780/Taxol中的P-gp和MyD88表达明显高于A2780细胞。结论：A2780/Taxol细胞株具有明确的耐药性,紫杉醇耐药与MyD88的表达密切相关,该细胞株可用于卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药的基础研究。     

紫杉醇耐药的卵巢癌细胞中PKC-α与P-gp的表达

目的:探讨PKC-α与P-gp在紫杉醇诱导的卵巢癌耐药细胞系A2780/Taxol中的表达.方法:免疫细胞化学SP法及免疫荧光双标检测PKC-α与P-gp在耐药细胞A2780/Taxol及其亲本细胞中的表达; Western Blot检测并半定量分析PKC激动剂佛波脂(PMA)和抑制剂十字孢碱(SP)作用后P-gp在两种细胞上的表达水平.结果:免疫细胞化学结果表明在A2780/Taxol中,P-gp与PKC表达均呈阳性,而在亲本细胞中,P-gp不表达,PKC呈阳性表达. 在A2780/Taxol中PKC-α与P-gp有共表达. SP及PMA作用后,A2780/Taxol细胞P-gp表达无明显差别.结论:卵巢癌对紫杉醇耐药的产生与PKC-α和P-gp有关.     

真核表达质粒pcDNA3．1／EGR-1的构建和体外效应研究

目的 构建早期生长反应基因(early growth response gene-1,EGR-1)真核表达载体,体外观察其对卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞A2780/Taxol的影响.方法 将EGR-1基因重组于pcDNA 3.1质粒中,稳定转染A2780/Taxol细胞,流式细胞仪检测转染对A2780/Taxol细胞凋亡的影响;四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法观察A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇的半数抑制浓度(IC50);RT-PCR检测转染前后EGR-1及MDR1 mRNA的表达水平.结果 经酶切和测序鉴定,成功构建质粒peDNA 3.1/EGR-1;RT-PCR显示,外源性EGR-1基因已整合于A2780/Taxol细胞并获稳定表达;转染使细胞凋亡明显增加(P<0.01);恢复A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇药物敏感性;MDR1 mRNA表达显著下调.结论 转染EGR-1可降低A2780/Taxol凋亡的阈值和下调MDRl的表达,从而减少A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇的耐受性.     

姜黄素逆转卵巢癌对紫杉醇耐药的实验研究

目的:通过观察姜黄素作用人卵巢癌A2780/Taxol细胞株后,逆转该细胞株对紫杉醇的耐药作用,研究卵巢癌细胞对紫杉醇耐药的原因及姜黄素逆转耐药机制。方法:人卵巢癌A2780/Taxol细胞株在体外培养,将细胞分为对照组（A组）和实验组（不同浓度姜黄素组作用细胞）。用四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法检测2组细胞与相同浓度紫杉醇联用后细胞的生长抑制情况;Westernblot方法检测2组细胞内P-糖蛋白（P-gp）和蛋白激酶C-α（PKC-α）的表达情况。结果:四甲基偶氮唑盐微量酶反应比色法得出联合用姜黄素各组细胞生长抑制率均高于A组（P<0.05～P<0.01）;Western blot检测联合用姜黄素各组多药耐药蛋白-1/P-gp和PKC-α表达均较A组显著降低（P<0.01）。结论:姜黄素通过阻碍卵巢细胞中多药耐药蛋白-1/P-gp和PKC-α的表达,增加紫杉醇对细胞的毒性,降低细胞的耐药性。     

UTP23基因在A2780/Taxol细胞中表达及对紫杉醇化疗耐药的影响

目的探讨上皮性卵巢癌紫杉醇耐药细胞(A2780/Taxol)中UTP23基因表达水平及其对紫杉醇化疗耐药的影响。方法利用Real-Time PCR与Western blot分别从基因与蛋白表达水平检测A2780/Taxol细胞中UTP23的表达水平,通过脂质体在A2780/Taxol细胞中特异性瞬时过表达UTP23基因,利用MTT细胞增殖法观察过表达UTP23基因对A2780/Taxol细胞药物敏感性的影响;通过Real-Time PCR检测A2780/Taxol细胞过表达UTP23后抗凋亡基因Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果 A2780/Taxol中UTP23的m RNA表达水平降低,约为A2780细胞的50%,UTP23蛋白表达水平下降,约为A2780细胞的48%(P0.01);相对于阴性转染组,UTP23基因过表达可显著提高A2780/Taxol细胞中UTP23基因表达水平(P0.05);相对于阴性转染组,UTP23基因过表达A2780/Taxol细胞对紫杉醇的敏感性显著提高(P0.01);与阴性转染组相比,过表达UTP23基因后A2780/Taxol细胞Bcl-2基因表达水平显著下降(P0.05)。结论 UTP23基因在A2780/Taxol细胞中低表达,可能通过促进Bcl-2基因表达,从而参与A2780/Taxol细胞的耐药作用。     

乳腺癌耐药性中MAPK信号转导通路与EGR-1关系的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药中p38MAPK通路与EGR-1活性的关系。方法用流式细胞术、四甲基偶氮唑蓝（MTT）、RT—PCR及Western Blot等方法分别检测SB203580（15μmol／L）干预后细胞的凋亡、细胞内阿霉素浓度及细胞对阿霉素敏感性的改变;EGR-1 mRNA表达及P—gP、磷酸化p53蛋白及p38蛋白表达情况。结果经SB203580（15μmol／L）干预,流式细胞仪检测见MCF-7／Adr细胞发生显著凋亡,并呈一定时间依赖性;细胞内阿霉素浓度显著增加;MCF-7／Adr细胞对阿霉素药物的耐受性显著降低;伴随p38MAPK通路活性抑制和EGR—1mRNA表达增加,磷酸化p53蛋白表达显著上调,而P—gP蛋白显著下调。结论提示p38MAPK通路与乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药密切相关,p38MAPK通路调控的EGR—1激活参与乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药的形成。     

川芎嗪对人卵巢癌耐药细胞株A2780/ADM逆转作用实验研究

目的 探讨川芎嗪(TMP)逆转卵巢癌A2780/ADM细胞对阿霉素(ADM)的耐药作用及机制.方法 应用MTT法测定细胞的药敏性;用荧光分光光度法测定细胞内阿霉素浓度的变化;采用流式细胞术检测耐药细胞凋亡率的变化.结果 非细胞毒性剂量川芎嗪能显著降低卵巢癌耐药细胞株A2780/ADM的IC50,逆转倍数为2.07倍;非细胞毒性剂量川芎嗪能显著增加耐药细胞内ADM的浓度和耐药细胞的凋亡百分率,显著降低P-gp的表达.结论 川芎嗪具逆转卵巢癌耐药细胞株A2780/ADM细胞对阿霉素的耐药性,其逆转机制可能与增加细胞内ADM浓度和抑制该细胞P-gp的表达有关.     

Targeting of p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinases to Early Growth Response gene 1 （EGR-1） in the Human Paclitaxel-resistance Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

To investigate the relationship between the expression of early growth response gene 1 (EGR-1) and p38MAPK pathway in the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells, the effect of p38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 on cell apoptosis was examined by using Hoechst 33258 staining. The intracellular Rh123 (Rhodamine 123) accumulation was detected by the flow cytometry (FCM). The 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of paclitaxel for A2780/Taxol cells was determined by MTT method. Electrophoretic motility shift assay (EMSA) was employed to examine the EGR-1DNA binding activity. MDR1 and EGR-1 mRNA were assessed by RT-PCR. The expressed of p-gp, phos- phorylated p53 and p38 were detected by Western blotting. SB203580 could remarkably promote the apoptosis of A2780/Taxol cells, and the cell apoptosis was in a time-dependent manner. Cellular Rh123 accumulation was increased, and the IC50 of paclitaxel for A2780/Taxol cells was decreased significantly. A2780/Taxol cell line after SB203580 treatment was shown to have a significantly higher level of EGR-1 DNA binding activity. SB203580 down-regulated the activity of p38MAPK pathway, but up-regulated EGR-1 expression. SB203580 significantly increased the level of cellular phosphorylated p53 protein, but decreased the p-gp protein level and MDR1 mRNA level in A2780/Taxol cells. There existed a close relationship between p38MAPK pathway and the paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells. The expression of EGR-1 mediated by p38MAPK pathway plays a critical role in paclitaxel resistance of ovarian carcinoma cells.     

p38MAPK信号通路抑制剂对NMDA诱导的体外培养的皮层神经元损伤的保护作用及机制

目的 观察MK801及SB203580对N-甲基-D-天（门）冬氨酸（NMDA）诱导的皮层神经元损伤的影响, 探讨p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK)信号通路在神经元损伤中的作用和机制。方法 培养7d的新生SD大鼠皮层神经元随机分为对照组、NMDA损伤组、MK801干预组、SB203580干预组、联合干预组（SB203580+MK801）。MTT比色实验评价细胞生存力,乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放率测定细胞损伤程度,吖啶橙/溴化乙锭 (AO/EB) 双重荧光染色观察细胞凋亡形态和数目,Western blotting检测大鼠皮层神经元各组p38MAPK、BCL-2和BAX表达情况。结果 与对照组比较,NMDA损伤组神经细胞存活力降低、培养上清液中LDH含量增加、凋亡细胞增多、p38MAPK和BAX表达增加(P均＜0.01),BCL-2表达降低(P＜0.05);与NMDA损伤组比较,各个干预组细胞生存力提高、LDH释放率降低、凋亡减少、p38MAPK及BAX的表达减少、BCL-2表达增多(P均＜0.01)。结论 MK801,SB203580对NMDA诱导的皮质神经元损伤具有保护作用,p38MAPK通路可能参与介导MK801的保护作用,其共同机制是通过抑制p38MAPK信号通路介导的凋亡相关蛋白实现的。     

乳腺癌耐药性与MAPK信号转导关系的研究

目的探讨乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药性与p38MAPK通路的关系。方法用流式细胞术检测SB203580(15μmol/L)干预后细胞的凋亡、细胞内阿霉素浓度的改变、细胞对阿霉素敏感性。结果经SB203580(15μmol/L)干预24h和48h后,流式细胞仪检测见MCF-7/Adr细胞发生显著凋亡,凋亡率分别为25.36±1.17%和38.21±1.25%,并呈一定时间依赖性(P<0.05);显著高于空白对照组及DMSO组MCF-7/Adr细胞的0.65±0.21%和0.81±0.16%(P<0.01);细胞内阿霉素浓度亦显著增加,平均荧光强度分别为32.45±2.36及41.66±3.12,均显著高于空白对照组及DMSO组的14.17±1.45及16.28±0.63(P<0.01);另外,SB203580干预48h使MCF-7/Adr细胞内阿霉素浓度增加的作用强于24h组,两者间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论提示p38MAPK通路与乳腺癌细胞阿霉素耐药密切相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.