冻干重组人脑利钠肽治疗急性心力衰竭患者的疗效观察

[目的]观察冻干重组人脑利钠肽（新活素）治疗急性心力衰竭患者的临床疗效。[方法]选取210例急性心衰患者,分为对照组90例,观察组120例,对照组采用常规治疗,观察组在常规治疗基础上加用新活素,观察两组治疗前后的临床症状、左室射血分数（LVEF）及血浆N-末端脑钠肽前体（NT-proBNP）水平的变化。[结果]①观察组治疗后各项指标改善均优于对照组[总有效93．3％ vs 73．3％, P ＜0．05;显效60．0％ vs 35．6％,P ＜0．05;治疗后 LVEF （55±12）％ vs （52±11）％,P ＜0．05;NT-proBNP水平（1050．6±568．1） pg/mL vs （2100．8±789．2） pg/mL ,P＜0．05];②观察组中,新活素治疗对急性心衰患者较慢性心衰加重患者的效果更明显[总有效97．1％ vs88．0％,P ＜0．05;显效70．0％ vs46．0％,P ＜0．05;治疗后LVEF （58±11）％ vs （48±8）％,P ＜0．05;治疗后 NT-proBNP水平（780．9±365．7） pg/mL vs （1866±1075．8） pg/mL ,P ＜0．05]。[结论]新活素显著改善急性心衰患者的临床症状和心功能,且对急性发作心衰患者更有效。     

一种适用于颅内外血管重建研究的大鼠慢性脑缺血模型

目的：检测结扎大鼠双侧颈内动脉及一侧椎动脉（3-VO）是否可以在保留颈外动脉的同时,造成大鼠慢性脑缺血。方法分别制造假手术对照组、双侧颈总动脉结扎组（2-VO）及3-VO组动物模型;于造模4周后行脑血流量测定;于第8周行Morris水迷宫实验测定大鼠的学习记忆能力;行为学实验结束后处死大鼠,观察大鼠海马CA1区细胞的形态学变化。结果脑血流测定结果显示与假手术[（47±8．797）ml·min^－1·100 g^－1]相比,2-VO[（24．30±8．999）ml·min^－1·100 g^－1]、3-VO[（9．870±2．208）ml·min^－1·100 g^－1]组脑血流量值均降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。 Morris水迷宫实验显示,2-VO组[（14．78±7．84） s]、3-VO[（14．86±7．96）s]组第5天潜伏期与假手术组[（8．33±4．88）s]相比,时间较长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）,但2-VO组与3-VO组相比,其潜伏期无明显差异;与假手术组[（37．20±9．21）s,（10．01±2．91）次]相比,2-VO组[（20．13±5．80）s,（6．60±3．19）次]、3-VO组[（20．05±5．76）s,（6．55±2．59）次]目标象限停留时间及穿越平台次数均显著减少,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。2-VO、3-VO模型组海马CA1区有明显病理形态学改变。结论结扎双侧颈内动脉及一侧椎动脉可造成大鼠慢性脑缺血,并造成与2-VO相似的行为学表现。     

N r f2基因敲除对小鼠蛛网膜下腔出血后脑损伤的作用

目的：蛛网膜下腔出血（ subarachnoid hemorrhage, SAH）是一种致死率较高的危重疾病,文中研究氧化应激调节因子Nrf2在SAH后脑损伤作用及机制。方法实验选取雄性ICR野生型（ wild type, WT）小鼠及来源于ICR的Nrf2基因敲除（ knockout, KO）小鼠,采用视交叉自体血注射建立小鼠SAH模型,实验动物分为WT假手术组、KO假手术组、WT SAH组和KO SAH组4个组,检测SAH后24 h氧化应激产物丙二醛（ malondialdehyde, MDA）及GSH／GSSG,炎症因子TNF-α和IL-1β,脑组织含水量和伊文思蓝含量,TUNEL和尼氏染色,活动评分及大脑前和大脑中动脉血管痉挛情况。结果与假手术组比较,SAH组MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β表达量上升,而GSH／GSSG下降（ P＜0．01）;与WT SAH组比较,MDA、TNF-α、IL-1β表达量上升（P＜0．05）,而GSH／GSSG下降（P＜0．05）。 SAH组前脑脑组织含水量、伊文思蓝含量较假手术组增加（P＜0．01）,与WT SAH组比较,KO SAH组脑组织含水量、伊文思蓝含量均升高[（0．808±0．004） vs （0．819±0．004）、（7．230±1．192）μg／g vs （11．628±1．040）μg／g, P＜0．05]。 SAH后24 h,与假手术组比较,SAH组神经细胞凋亡率上升（P＜0．01）,而神经元数量、ACA比值、血管半径／壁厚值、活动评分下降（P＜0．01）,与WT SAH组比较,KO SAH组细胞凋亡率上升[（23．733±8．204）％vs （36．267±10．612）％],而神经元数、ACA比值、血管半径／壁厚值、活动评分下降[（70．833±8．750） vs （51．767±13．006）,（8．024±2．780） vs （6．861±2．702）,（6．337±3．993） vs （5．107±38．05）,（1．967±0．928）v s （1．433±0．679）, P＜0．05]。结论 N rf2 KO加重了SAH后氧化应激和炎性反应,从而导致了SAH继发性脑损伤加重。 Nrf2对SAH 后继发性脑损伤具有保护作用。     

经颅磁刺激对脑梗死患者轻度认知障碍的疗效

目的：探讨经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）治疗脑梗死患者轻度认知障碍的临床疗效。方法选取60例脑梗死具有轻度认知功能损害,但未达到痴呆的诊断标准的患者,按照国际通用随机字母表分为治疗组（使用TMS治疗）和对照组（未使用TMS治疗）,比较两组患者治疗前后的MMSE评分和P300的潜伏期和波幅的变化。结果治疗组治疗后的MMSE的提高分率总有效率（80％）较对照组（43．33％）高,比较差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）。治疗组的治疗后 P300潜伏期[（312．78±4．53）ms]与治疗前[（356．24±23．12）ms]明显缩短,治疗前后潜伏期差异有统计学意义（P＜0．05）,而治疗后P300波幅[（10．65±0．87）μV]与治疗前[（10．58±1．21）μV]差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。对照组治疗后P300潜伏期[（367．83±23．38）ms]和波幅[（10．61±0．74）μV]与治疗前P300潜伏期[（360．18±22．17）ms]和波幅[（10．53±0．83）μV]差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论经颅磁刺激治疗可改善脑梗死患者的轻度认知功能障碍,从而改善其生活质量,且经颅磁刺激具有疗效安全等优点,值得临床推广。     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床效果对比研究

目的：探讨应用腹腔镜肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的可行性和治疗效果。方法回顾性分析该院2003年11月至2012年11月75例肝内胆管结石患者的手术治疗。其中35例患者进行腹腔镜肝切除术（腹腔镜组）,40例患者采用开腹肝切除术进行治疗（开腹组）。两组患者的手术方式包括左肝外叶切除术、左半肝切除术、胆总管切开探查、胆道镜探查取石、T 管引流、胆囊切除。分析和对比两组患者的临床指标,包括手术时间、术中出血量、止痛药使用情况、下床活动时间、恢复饮食时间、术后住院时间、并发症、结石清除率以及复发率。结果腹腔镜组的手术时间长于开腹组[（205．0±40．9）min vs ．（155．0±26．6）min ,P＜0．01]。腹腔镜组的术后住院时间比开腹组短[（12．3±2．6）d vs ．（15．6±4．3）d ,P ＜0．01];术中出血量稍多于开腹手术组[（330．0±259．7）mL vs ．（151．5±137．0）mL ,P＜0．01],然而腹腔镜组后10例患者的出血量与开腹组相当[（81．0±19．7）mL vs ．（78．0±22．0）mL ,P＞0．05]。腹腔镜组术后止痛药使用率低于开腹组（0 vs ．62．5％,P＜0．01）;比开腹组更早地恢复下床活动[（1．5±0．5）d vs ．（3．6±0．7）d ,P＜0．01]和进食[（2．4±0．5）d vs ．（4．0±0．7）d ,P ＜0．01]。两组总并发症发生率（2．9％ vs ．16．0％）、结石清除率（即时清除率91．4％ vs ．90％和最终清除率97．1％ vs ．100％）及手术优良率（97．1％ vs ．100％）差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,且均无围术期死亡病例。结论对于符合入选标准的病例,腹腔镜肝切除术联合胆道镜治疗肝内胆管结石是安全可行的,可以达到与开腹手术同样良好的效果。腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石具有伤口小、痛苦轻、恢复快、并发症少等微创手术的优势。     

新活素治疗急诊 PCI术后急性前壁心肌梗死患者的临床观察

目的：探讨新活素治疗急诊PCI术后BNP水平较高的急性前壁心肌梗死患者的疗效和安全性。方法将大连医科大学附属第一医院2011年8月-2012年8月收治的128例急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者随机分为对照组（64例）和新活素组（64例）。对照组患者给予抗凝、抗血小板、他汀类、β受体阻滞剂、硝酸酯类药物和血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ ACEI）或血管紧张素受体拮抗剂（ ARB）及利尿剂等常规治疗,新活素组患者在常规治疗的基础上加用新活素（1～2 min内匀速静脉注射负荷量1．5μg/kg,然后以0．01μg/（kg· min）静脉匀速泵入持续72 h）。随访6个月,观察各组患者的疗效和安全性。结果与对照组比较,新活素组住院期间急性左心衰发生率（心功能≥Killip3级）较低（9．38％vs 21．88％,P＜0．05）,随访6个月时BNP较低（98．7±41．2 vs 465．4±46．8, P＜0．05）、6 min步行距离较长[（576．0±82．5） m vs （494．0±74．1） m,P＜0．05]、左室舒张末径较小[（50．5±3．8）mm vs（59．3±4．1）mm, P＜0．05],左室射血分数较高[（54．7±16．9）％ vs （46．2±18．6）％, P＜0．05],而住院期间严重低血压（＜90/60 mmHg）的发生率两组相当。结论新活素治疗能显著改善急诊PCI术后BNP水平较高的急性前壁ST段抬高性心肌梗死患者的心功能。     

切除大鼠睾丸与嗅球建立老年男性抑郁症模型的评价

目的：验证Stock等切除睾丸和嗅球建立的大鼠模型是否可成为模拟老年男性抑郁症的一种实验动物模型。方法按随机数字表法,将健康成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为正常组、假手术组、模型组、载体组、氟西汀丙酸睾酮（ Flu＋TP ）组与阿米替林丙酸睾酮（ Ami＋TP ）组,各组均为10只;建立切除睾丸和嗅球的大鼠模型,联合氟西汀或阿米替林与雄激素进行干预,测试各组大鼠的行为变化。结果旷场试验：水平格子数,模型组[（124．50±14．25）格]或载体组[（118．70±10．27）格]均比正常组[（38．20±6．30）格]、假手术组[（33．70±9．58）格]、Flu＋TP组[（34．00±9．82）格]与Ami＋TP组[（35．20±12．54）格]明显增多,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;垂直站立数,模型组或载体组均比正常组、假手术组、Flu＋TP组和Ami＋TP组显著增加,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。强迫游泳试验的不动时间：模型组[（131．70±32．44）s]或载体组[（135．10±34．01）s]均比正常组[（66．60±12．06）s]、假手术组[（62．00±13．38）s]、Flu＋TP组[（59．60±8．89） s]和Ami＋TP组[（64．80±10．78）s]明显延长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）。水迷宫试验：逃避潜伏期,模型组[（62．00±26．05）s]或载体组[（60．52±27．00）s]均比正常组[（24．19±9．12）s]、假手术组[（21．06±8．13）s]、Flu＋TP组[（22．88±8．01）s]和Ami＋TP组[（27．04±10．11）s]明显延长,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01）;在原平台象限时间,模型组或载体组均比正常组、假手术组、Flu＋TP组和Ami＋TP组明显缩短,差异有统计学意义（P＜0．01, P＜0．05）。结论本研究印证了该模型具有可重复性和可靠性,其可能适合作为一种老年男性抑郁症的实验动物模型供后续研究应用。     

JNK抑制剂SP 600125对癫痫持续状态大鼠海马神经元的保护作用

目的：探讨c-Jun氨基末端激酶（JNK）特异性抑制剂SP600125对大鼠癫痫持续状态海马神经元的保护作用及其作用机制。方法 Wistar大鼠按随机数字表随机分为对照组（Control组）、癫痫持续状态组（ SE组）和JNK抑制剂SP600125组（ SP组）。应用HE染色和荧光TUNEL法观察各组大鼠海马病理变化和神经元凋亡;采用Western blot方法检测各组大鼠海马组织JNK及其下游效应分子c-JUN磷酸化表达变化。结果与对照组相比,SE组大鼠海马CA3区神经元细胞缺失、凋亡明显[（ TUNEL阳性细胞百分率（26．34±3．04）％, P＜0．05];SP组较SE组大鼠死亡率明显下降（分别为6．25％、37．5％,P＜0．05）,细胞缺失和凋亡明显减少[TUNEL阳性细胞百分率分别为（7．48±1．37）％、（26．34±3．04）％, P＜0．05];同时,SE组大鼠海马磷酸化JNK（p-JNK）和磷酸化c-JUN（p-c-JUN）显著增加（OD相对值分别为0．447±0．025、0．552±0．035,与对照组相比, P＜0．05）,应用SP600125的SP组JNK和c-JUN的磷酸化水平明显下降（OD相对值分别为0．211±0．016、0．237±0．028,与SE组相比, P＜0．05）。结论 JNK抑制剂SP600125通过抑制JNK及c-JUN磷酸化水平对癫痫持续状态后大鼠海马神经元起到保护作用。     

急性心肌梗死患者常规急诊PCI与联合应用替罗非班在心肌灌注和临床预后的对比研究

目的：探讨替罗非班对直接经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的急性心肌梗死（AMI）患者心肌灌注及临床预后的影响．方法：将AMI住院患者60例随机分为替罗非班治疗组（A组,予直接PC／＋替罗非班,n=30）和对照组（B组,仅予直接PCI,n=30）．比较两组间的基础临床状况、造影情况、介入治疗结果、心功能和心脏不良事件（MACE,包括死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建）发生率．结果：两组基础临床情况、介入治疗结果差异均无统计学意义．与B组相比,A组术后即刻心肌梗死溶栓试验（TIMI）3级复流血流差异无统计学意义（93％vs86％,P〉0．05）．即刻心肌Blush分级3级（77．0％vs33．0％,P〈0．05）显著高于B组,而校正TIMI帧数[（23．5±7,6）帧和（32．1±4．2）帧,P〈0．05]显著低于B组．A组术后sT段抬高总和回落[（69．8±14．2）％和（38．6±11．7）％,P〈0．05]显著高于B组,而肌酸激酶（CK）峰值[（28．4±5．0）和（37．7±8．7）ukat／L,P〈0．05]显著低于对照组．住院期间,A,B两组左室射血分数（LVEF）[（45．8±2．7）％和（44．7±3．8）％]、左室舒张期末直径（LVEDD）[（4．95±0．31）cm和（4．99±0．27）cm]差异均无统计学意义．随访期间,A,B两组LVEF[（58．1±3．6）％和（51．1±2．4）％]、LVEDD[（5．2±0．2）cm和（5．5±0．2）cm]差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．两组住院期间和随访期间各项心脏事件发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）．A组术后出血并发症发生率高于B组（23．3％vs7．0％）,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）．结论：替罗非班可改善PCI的AMI患者心肌灌注及临床预后,且临床应用安全．     

糖尿病大鼠糖原合酶激酶-3与记忆障碍的关系

目的 探讨糖尿病大鼠皮质糖原合酶激酶-3(glycogen synthase kinase-3,GSK-3)的变化在记忆障碍中的作用.方法 用链脲佐菌素(Streptozotocin STZ)建立糖尿病大鼠模型,用32p放射性标记法检测对照组,DM(Diabetes mellitus)组,DM+碳酸锂(Li2CO3)组GSK-3的活性,用蛋白印迹法检测磷酸化GSK-3β的表达,用电跳台试验检测大鼠的学习及记忆保留情况.结果 与对照组(1.07±0.07)相比,DM组的GSK-3活性(1.38±0.08)明显升高(P＜0.01),GSK-3βSer9位点的磷酸化水平(0.84±0.06)比对照组(1.05±0.08)明显降低(P＜0.01),并且,犯错次数[(2.6±0.89)次/3min]比对照组[(1.20±0.84)次/3min]增加(P＜0.05),潜伏期[(94.00±23.02)s/3min]也比对照组明显缩短[(144.00±20.74]s/3min](P＜0.01),应用Li2CO3干预后,GSK-3活性(1.13±0.06)明显降低(P＜0.01),GSK-3βSer9位点的磷酸化水平(0.97±0.06)恢复(P＜0.01),犯错次数[(1.40±0.55)次/3min]降低(P＜0.05),潜伏期[(130.00±18.72)s/3min]明显延长(P＜0.05).结论 糖尿病大鼠脑皮质GSK-3活性升高,可能导致其学习及记忆障碍,Li2CO3抑制GSK-3后,明显改善糖尿病大鼠的学习及记忆障碍.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.