Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites,United States, 2002

In the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses each year. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on 10 foodborne diseases in nine U.S. sites. FoodNet follows trends in foodborne infections by using laboratory-based surveillance for culture-confirmed illness caused by several enteric pathogens commonly transmitted through food. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2002 and compares them with 1996-2001 data. The data indicate a sustained decrease in major bacterial foodborne illnesses such as Campylobacter and Listeria, indicating progress toward meeting the national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne infections by 2010 (objectives 10-1a to 10-1d). However, the data do not indicate a sustained decline in other major foodborne infections such as Escherichia coli O157 and Salmonella, indicating that increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 1999

Each year in the United States, an estimated 76 million persons experience foodborne illnesses. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on nine foodborne diseases in selected U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 1999 and compares them with data from 1996-1998. The data suggest that the incidence of the foodborne illnesses under surveillance declined during 1999 compared with 1996 primarily as a result of decreases in campylobacteriosis and shigellosis and indicate substantial regional variation in the incidence of foodborne diseases.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of foodborne illnesses--selected sites, United States, 2000

Each year in the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne illnesses. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data about nine foodborne diseases in eight U.S. sites to quantify and monitor foodborne illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2000 and compares them with 1996-1999 data. The data indicate the relative frequency of diagnosed infections, demonstrate substantial regional variation, and suggest trends in incidence. FoodNet provides data for monitoring foodborne illnesses and interventions designed to reduce them.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--selected sites, United States, 2003

In the United States, an estimated 76 million persons contract foodborne and other acute diarrheal illnesses each year. CDC's Emerging Infections Program Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) collects data on diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food in nine U.S. sites. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2003 and compares them with 1996-2002 data. The data indicate substantial declines in the incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium parvum, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Yersinia enterocolitica. These data represent progress toward meeting the 2010 national health objectives of reducing the incidence of foodborne infections (objective nos. 10.1a, 10.1b, and 10.1d). However, increased efforts are needed to reduce further the incidence of foodborne illnesses, particularly among children.     

Incidence of foodborne illnesses: preliminary data from the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet)--United States, 1998

Estimates of the magnitude of foodborne illness in the United States have been imprecise. To quantify, better understand, and more precisely monitor foodborne illness, since 1996 the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) has collected data to monitor nine foodborne diseases in selected U.S. sites. This report describes preliminary data from FoodNet surveillance for 1998 and compares findings with those for 1996 and 1997; compared with 1996, the overall incidence of the foodborne illnesses under surveillance during 1998 declined, particularly for salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis, and the data continued to demonstrate regional and seasonal differences in the reported incidence of diseases.     

2007-2014年细菌性食源性疾病病原菌检测结果分析

摘要:目的　分析厦门市思明区多年来细菌性食源性疾病病原菌种类、尤其是流行特征及实验室检测情况,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法　对思明区2007-2014年细菌性食源性疾病实验室检测样品信息及结果进行统计分析。结果　8年共接到114起疑似细菌性食源性疾病送检样本,检测各类样本共857份,其中71起检出目标病原菌。依次以副溶血性弧菌（38.6%）、金黄色葡萄球菌（10.5%）、蜡样芽胞杆菌（5.3%）、致泻性大肠埃希菌（2.6%）和沙门菌（2.6%）为主要致病菌,第三季度发生率最高为49.1%（56/114）。结论　思明区细菌性食源性疾病以副溶血性弧菌为主要病原菌,且O3血清型为主;夏秋为高发季节。诺如病毒是非细菌性食源性感染的主要病毒。掌握食源性疾病的发生规律,加强食品卫生安全监督管理,制定针对性的预防措施,可有效预防和控制食源性疾病的发生。     

Foodborne Illness,Australia, Circa 2000 and Circa 2010

Foodborne disease is a major public health problem worldwide. To examine changes in foodborne illness in Australia, we estimated the incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths attributed to contaminated food circa 2010 and recalculated estimates from circa 2000. Approximately 25% of gastroenteritis cases were caused by contaminated food; to account for uncertainty we used simulation techniques to estimate 90% credible intervals. We estimate that circa 2010, 4.1 million foodborne gastroenteritis cases occurred, and circa 2000, 4.3 million cases occurred. Circa 2010, contaminated food was estimated to be responsible for 30,840 gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations, 76 associated deaths, and 5,140 nongastrointestinal illnesses. Cases of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis increased from 2000 to 2010 and were the leading causes of gastroenteritis-associated hospitalizations; Listeria monocytogenes and nontyphoidal Salmonella spp. infections were the leading causes of death. Although the overall incidence of foodborne illnesses declined over time in Australia, cases of foodborne gastroenteritis are still common.Keywords: foodborne illness, foodborne disease, gastroenteritis, epidemiology, estimate, incidence, hospitalization, death, norovirus, salmonella, campylobacter, toxin, bacteria, parasites, viruses, AustraliaFoodborne illness is a major public health problem and a common cause of illness and death worldwide. Outbreaks linked to contaminated food can affect the public’s trust and financially harm implicated businesses and associated food industries. Estimates of the effects of foodborne illnesses and individual pathogens provide evidence for policy interventions and food safety regulation. In addition, estimates of changes in the incidence of foodborne illnesses and hospitalizations over time provide information on the effectiveness of changes to food safety standards and regulation.Many agents can cause foodborne illness; some of these agents are transmitted to humans by other routes as well as by food. Most foodborne illnesses manifest as gastroenteritis, but other presentations, such as meningitis and hepatitis may also result from infection, and sequelae may occur weeks after the acute infection.Many countries have estimated the incidence of foodborne diseases (1–5). In Australia in 2000, foodborne incidence, hospitalizations, and deaths were estimated to cost 1.25 billion Australian dollars annually (6,7). However, since 2000, surveillance has substantially improved, data availability has increased, and methods have been refined. To inform current public health decisions and policies in Australia, we used new methods and datasets to estimate the incidence of infectious gastroenteritis and associated hospitalizations and deaths in Australia circa 2010. We then applied these refined methods to circa 2000 data so that estimates from the 2 periods could be directly compared.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 states, 2006

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program collects data from 10 U.S. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illnesses. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2006 and compares them with baseline data from the period 1996-1998. Incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Listeria, Shigella, and Yersinia has declined since the baseline period. Incidence of infections caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157) and Salmonella, however, did not decrease significantly, and Vibrio infections have increased, indicating that further measures are needed to prevent foodborne illness and achieve national health objectives.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 States, United States, 2005

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program collects data from 10 U.S. states regarding diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-confirmed illness. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2005 and compares them with baseline data from the period 1996-1998. Incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Listeria, Salmonella, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 (STEC O157), Shigella, and Yersinia has declined, and Campylobacter and Listeria incidence are approaching levels targeted by national health objectives. However, most of those declines occurred before 2005, and Vibrio infections have increased, indicating that further measures are needed to prevent foodborne illness.     

Estimating foodborne gastroenteritis, Australia

We estimated for Australia the number of cases, hospitalizations, and deaths due to foodborne gastroenteritis in a typical year, circa 2000. The total amount of infectious gastroenteritis was measured by using a national telephone survey. The foodborne proportion was estimated from Australian data on each of 16 pathogens. To account for uncertainty, we used simulation techniques to calculate 95% credibility intervals (CrI). The estimate of incidence of gastroenteritis in Australia is 17.2 million (95% confidence interval 14.5-19.9 million) cases per year. We estimate that 32% (95% CrI 24%-40%) are foodborne, which equals 0.3 (95% CrI 0.2-0.4) episodes per person, or 5.4 million (95% CrI 4.0-6.9 million) cases annually in Australia. Norovirus, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., and Salmonella spp. cause the most illnesses. In addition, foodborne gastroenteritis causes approximately 15,000 (95% CrI 11,000-18,000) hospitalizations and 80 (95% CrI 40-120) deaths annually. This study highlights global public health concerns about foodborne diseases and the need for standardized methods, including assessment of uncertainty, for international comparison.     

Risk-based estimate of effect of foodborne diseases on public health, Greece

The public health effects of illness caused by foodborne pathogens in Greece during 1996-2006 was quantified by using publicly available surveillance data, hospital statistics, and literature. Results were expressed as the incidence of different disease outcomes and as disability-adjusted life years (DALY), a health indicator combining illness and death estimates into a single metric. It has been estimated that each year ≈370,000 illnesses/million inhabitants are likely caused because of eating contaminated food; 900 of these illnesses are severe and 3 fatal, corresponding to 896 DALY/million inhabitants. Ill-defined intestinal infections accounted for the greatest part of reported cases and 27% of the DALY. Brucellosis, echinococcosis, salmonellosis, and toxoplasmosis were found to be the most common known causes of foodborne illnesses, being responsible for 70% of the DALY. Overall, the DALY metric provided a quantitative perspective on the impact of foodborne illness that may be useful for prioritizing food safety management targets.     

Preliminary FoodNet data on the incidence of infection with pathogens transmitted commonly through food--10 sites, United States, 2004

Foodborne illnesses are a substantial health burden in the United States. The Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network (FoodNet) of CDC's Emerging Infections Program collects data from 10 U.S. sites on diseases caused by enteric pathogens transmitted commonly through food. FoodNet quantifies and monitors the incidence of these infections by conducting active, population-based surveillance for laboratory-diagnosed illness. This report describes preliminary surveillance data for 2004 and compares them with baseline data from the period 1996-1998. The 2004 data indicate declines in the incidence of infections caused by Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157, Listeria, Salmonella, and Yersinia. Declines in Campylobacter and Listeria incidence are approaching national health objectives (objectives 10-1a through 1d); for the first time, the incidence of STEC O157 infections in FoodNet is below the 2010 target. However, further efforts are needed to sustain these declines and to improve prevention of foodborne infections; efforts should be enhanced to reduce pathogens in food animal reservoirs and to prevent contamination of produce.     

Sequelae of Foodborne Illness Caused by 5 Pathogens,Australia, Circa 2010

In Australia circa 2010, 4.1 million (90% credible interval [CrI] 2.3–6.4 million) episodes of foodborne gastroenteritis occurred, many of which might have resulted in sequelae. We estimated the number of illnesses, hospitalizations, and deaths from Guillain-Barré syndrome, hemolytic uremic syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, and reactive arthritis that were associated with contaminated food in Australia. Data from published studies, hospital records, and mortality reports were combined with multipliers to adjust for different transmission routes. We used Monte Carlo simulation to estimate median estimates and 90% CrIs. In Australia, circa 2010, we estimated that 35,840 (90% CrI 25,000–54,000) illnesses, 1,080 (90% CrI 700–1,600) hospitalizations, and 10 (90% CrI 5–14) deaths occurred from foodborne gastroenteritis–associated sequelae. Campylobacter spp. infection was responsible for 80% of incident cases. Reducing the incidence of campylobacteriosis and other foodborne diseases would minimize the health effects of sequelae.     

Food-related illness and death in the United States.

To better quantify the impact of foodborne diseases on health in the United States, we compiled and analyzed information from multiple surveillance systems and other sources. We estimate that foodborne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations, and 5,000 deaths in the United States each year. Known pathogens account for an estimated 14 million illnesses, 60, 000 hospitalizations, and 1,800 deaths. Three pathogens, Salmonella, Listeria, and Toxoplasma, are responsible for 1,500 deaths each year, more than 75% of those caused by known pathogens, while unknown agents account for the remaining 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations, and 3,200 deaths. Overall, foodborne diseases appear to cause more illnesses but fewer deaths than previously estimated.     

2019—2020年烟台市食源性疾病流行病学特征分析

目的 分析2019—2020年烟台市食源性疾病流行病学特征,为制定防控措施提供科学依据。方法 收集烟台市168家医院食源性疾病病例信息,对临床诊断、暴露食品及实验室检测信息进行分析。结果 2019—2020年烟台市168家医院共报告食源性疾病病例104 516例,6-9月份最为高发(58.69%),发病年龄最多为55～64岁(18.30%)年龄组,其次为65～74岁(15.79%),职业以农民(60.38%)为主,暴露食品主要为水果类及其制品(30.79%)及水产动物及其制品(18.09%),发生场所以家庭为主(89.62%)。采集生物样本427份,检出各类病毒及致病菌81株(18.97%)。其中沙门氏菌35株,副溶血性弧菌20株,诺如病毒13株,致泻性大肠埃希菌12株。结论 烟台市食源性疾病监测网络实现县乡村覆盖,监测数据能够更准确的反应食源性疾病发生情况。应根据本地食源性疾病流行病学特征,制定相应的防控措施,以降低食源性疾病的发生。     

The human health burden of foodborne infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan

To estimate the human health burden of foodborne infections caused by Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Japan, an epidemiological study was conducted in Miyagi Prefecture. Laboratory-confirmed infections among patients with diarrhea caused by the three pathogens were ascertained from two clinical laboratories in the prefecture from April 2005 to March 2006. To estimate the number of ill persons who were not laboratory-confirmed, we estimated physician-consultation rates for patients with acute diarrhea by analyzing foodborne outbreak investigation data for each pathogen and the frequency at which stool specimens were submitted from a physician survey. Each factor was added to a Monte-Carlo simulation model as a probability distribution, and the number of laboratory-confirmed cases was extrapolated to estimate the total number of ill persons. The estimated incidence of foodborne infections per 100,000 per year in this region estimated by this model was 237 cases for Campylobacter, 32 cases for Salmonella, and 15 cases for V. parahaemolyticus. Simulated results indicate a significant difference between our estimated incidence and the reported cases of food poisoning in this region. An enhanced surveillance system is needed to complement the present passive surveillance on foodborne illnesses in Japan to identify food safety issues more precisely, and to monitor the effectiveness of risk management options.     

Surveillance for foodborne disease outbreaks--United States, 2008

Foodborne agents cause an estimated 48 million illnesses annually in the United States, including 9.4 million illnesses from known pathogens. CDC collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks submitted from all states and territories through the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. During 2008, the most recent year for which data are finalized, 1,034 foodborne disease outbreaks were reported, which resulted in 23,152 cases of illness, 1,276 hospitalizations, and 22 deaths. Among the 479 outbreaks with a laboratory-confirmed single etiologic agent reported, norovirus was the most common, accounting for 49% of outbreaks and 46% of illnesses. Salmonella was the second most common, accounting for 23% of outbreaks and 31% of illnesses. Among the 218 outbreaks attributed to a food vehicle with ingredients from only one of 17 defined food commodities, the top commodities to which outbreaks were attributed were poultry (15%), beef (14%), and finfish (14%), whereas the top commodities to which outbreak-related illnesses were attributed were fruits and nuts (24%), vine-stalk vegetables (23%), and beef (13%). Outbreak surveillance provides insights into the agents that cause foodborne illness, types of implicated foods, and settings where transmission occurs. Public health, regulatory, and food industry professionals can use this information to target prevention efforts against pathogens and foods that cause the most foodborne disease outbreaks.     

2015-2016年南通市食源性疾病主动监测结果分析

目的 对南通市2015-2016年食源性疾病主动监测结果进行了分析,了解南通市食源性疾病流行特征,为预防和控制食源性疾病提供科学依据。方法 收集在哨点医院就诊的食源性疾病病例信息并采集病例标本进行病原学检测。结果 共监测3 438例食源性疾病病例信息,病例多集中于25~34岁,高发期为7~9月。可疑暴露食品中占比最高的是肉与肉制品,其次为水产动物及其制品。共采集标本830份,检出阳性病原体101株,总检出率为12.17%。副溶血性弧菌检出率最高,三季度病原体检出率最高。结论 南通市食源性疾病高发期为7~9月,主要以副溶血性弧菌感染为主。需要加强食源性疾病主动监测工作,不断完善监测体系,减少食源性疾病的发生。     

Lebensmittelbedingte Infektionskrankheiten durch Bakterien

Foodborne diseases by bacterial pathogens are of considerable public health concern world-wide. This is supported by their property to propagate in food environments from very small, nearly undetectable numbers to high concentrations of cells or toxins. Moreover, bacterial pathogens such as Salmonellae, Shigellae, Listeriae, or EHEC used to induce serious often also life-threatening illnesses. Although outbreaks of foodborne diseases will always find great public health awareness, sporadic cases remain with 85% among all foodborne diseases of great epidemiological importance. Therefore, control measures should be directed to establishing a nation wide surveillance system for foodborne infections and to educate peoples with regard to prevention of foodborne diseases.     

2010—2018年绵阳市食源性疾病事件流行病学分析

目的 了解绵阳市食源性疾病事件流行病学特征,为制定食源性疾病预防控制措施提供依据。方法 对2010—2018年绵阳市报告的食源性疾病事件监测资料进行描述性分析。结果 2010—2018年绵阳市共报告食源性疾病事件206起,发病1 257人,死亡4人,平均每起发病6.10人,罹患率为9.57%,病死率为0.32%。食源性疾病事件集中在3季度;发生场所以家庭为主,占总事件数的64.56%;致病因素以毒蕈和沙门氏菌污染为主,分别占总事件报告数的39.81%和18.93%。毒蕈和亚硝酸盐中毒成为绵阳市食源性疾病事件头号健康危害因素,死亡人数分别占总死亡人数的75.00%和25.00%;引发事件因素主要为误食误用。结论 哨点医院在食源性疾病监测工作中充分发挥了监测预警作用,应继续增加哨点医院的数量。同时加强对餐饮场所、农村宴席和学校食堂的监管力度,通过各种形式开展野生蕈及亚硝酸盐中毒等食品卫生相关防治知识的健康教育宣传,是提高本市食源性疾病事件监测敏感性,开展针对性防控,降低食源性疾病负担的关键。