正畸治疗安氏Ⅱ类2分类深覆(牙合)髁突位置变化的临床研究

目的研究正畸治疗对安氏Ⅱ类2分类深覆牙合髁突位置变化的影响。方法对11例安氏Ⅱ类2分类深覆牙合患者进行正畸治疗前后颞下颌关节区三维CT影像分析和Sam-型诊断性牙合架分析,以确定其髁突位置变化。结果随着上前牙唇倾度增加和咬合打开,两侧髁突纵距和髁突高度的变化有显著性差异,下颌后退接触位-牙尖交错位(RCP-ICP)位置差异也有显著性减小。结论正畸治疗安氏Ⅱ类2分类错牙合,能够改变其髁突位置,使之在关节窝内向前下方移位,并且更接近RCP。     

牙合位、颌位与正畸治疗

建立美观、健康、稳定、高效的咬合,是正畸医生的治疗目标之一。然而,目前正畸治疗的咬合标准大都局限于静态牙合,对于动态牙合即功能状态下的咬合状况研究较少。某些患者在治疗中即出现牙合位与颌位不一致,或者是治疗中与治疗前其颌位不尽相同。这无疑会影响正畸治疗结果的稳定性,乃至颞下颌关节以及整个口颌系统的健康。功能牙合理论认为髁突在关节窝内发生移位是导致患者牙合位与颌位不一致、治疗后复发的主要原因。功能理论中包含了如何评价患者牙合、颌关系的手段和方法。本文主要对功能牙合理论的内容和应用方法作简单的介绍。     

成人安氏Ⅱ类错正畸人群正中关系位与最大牙尖交错位不调的研究

目的横向调查安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形正畸人群中正中关系（CR）位与最大牙尖交错（MI）位不一致的比例及严重程度,为制定临床治疗计划提供参考。方法选取符合纳入标准的安氏Ⅱ类错牙合患者80例,以及个别正常牙合人50例。使用双手法配合负荷试验取得所有受检者CR位的咬合记录,使用Panadent牙合架将所有受检者的牙科模型在CR位上牙合架并进行分析。采用髁突位置测量仪（CPI）测量并记录每个受检者CR位与MI位的髁突位置在三维方向上的差异。结果1）安氏Ⅱ类错牙合组有74例患者存在CR-MI不调,阳性率为92.50%;个别正常牙合组仅有5例,阳性率为10.00%,二者差异有统计学意义（P<0.001）。2）安氏Ⅱ类错牙合组中,55例的CR-MI不调类型为一致性不调,占74例CR-MI不调患者的74.32%。3）安氏Ⅱ类错牙合组与个别正常牙合组的牙合干扰大多数位于后牙区,分别占91.25%和66.00%。结论进行正畸治疗前有必要分析安氏Ⅱ类错牙合畸形患者CR-MI的一致性,以制定出正确的治疗计划。     

成人单侧后牙反(牙合)患者髁突的对称性及矫治后髁突位置的变化

目的：探讨成人单侧后牙反[牙合]患者髁突的对称性及矫治后髁突位置（R）的变化。方法：21例成功矫治的单侧后牙反[牙合]成年患者作为实验组,男10例,女11例,年龄18～23岁,平均21.8岁。21例安氏Ⅰ类错[牙合]患者作为对照组,男10例,女11例,年龄19～23岁,平均22.1岁。实验组矫治前后与对照组均拍摄全颌曲面断层片和双侧矫正薛氏位片,测量髁突的不对称指数和髁突在关节窝中的相对位置。结果：实验组两侧髁突高度（CH）不对称,与对照组相比,CH的不对称指数明显增大（P〈0.05）。实验组矫治前后两侧髁突在关节窝中的位置均无显著性差异,但与矫治前相比,矫治后非反[牙合]侧髁突相对位置由前位趋于正中位（R由13.52减小为9.48）。结论：成人单侧后牙反[牙合]患者的髁突形态存在不对称性,而髁突位置相对对称,颞下颌关节可随咬合关系和下颌骨位置的变化发生改建;正畸治疗后髁突位置更加协调。     

安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形矫治对髁突影响的研究现状

安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形对患者口腔功能、颜面美观和心理健康均有较严重影响,临床上常对此类患者进行早期矫治。在早期矫治该类错[牙合]畸形中常使用矫形力抑制下颌骨的生长。髁突作为面部重要的生长发育区,其生长改建直接影响下颌的形态和功能。安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形矫治的矫形力对髁突的影响近年来逐渐受到学者们的关注,本文就近年来国内外安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形矫治对髁突影响的研究现状作一综述。     

成人骨性Ⅰ类错(牙合)双颌前突的正颌-正畸联合治疗

目的采用正畸-正颌手术联合治疗成人骨性Ⅰ类错[牙合]前突患者，以期取得面貌及咬合关系的改善。方法选择10例成人骨性Ⅰ类错[牙合]双颌前突患者，通过术前正畸-正颌手术-术后正畸的联合治疗。对治疗前后的头颅侧位片进行测量分析。结果建立良好的上下颌咬合关系，面型改善；SNA、SNB显著减小。结论成人Ⅰ类骨性错[牙合]畸形患者采用正颌-正畸联合治疗，能快速地、有效地获得满意的咬[牙合]功能及侧貌效果。     

Activator矫治安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)前后髁突和关节盘位置改变的MRI研究

目的分析Activator功能矫治对髁突、关节盘的位置及盘髁关系的影响。方法选择20个AngleⅡ1错[牙合]患者,在斜矢状位闭口MRI影像上测量Activator功能矫治前后髁突和关节盘位置的改变。结果在无症状AngleⅡ1错[牙合]中有40％出现关节盘前移位,功能矫治前后其髁突和关节盘位置没有明显改变。结论Activator治疗不会改变髁突在关节窝中的位置,不会引起正常位置的关节盘前移位,也不会使已经存在的盘前移位复位。     

RW(牙合)板对伴颞下颌关节紊乱病的安氏Ⅱ类错(牙合)患者颌位及咬合关系的影响

目的探讨RW[牙合]板(RW-splint)对伴颞下颌关节紊乱病(temporomandibular disorder,TMD)的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]患者颌位及咬合关系的影响,以期为此类患者的诊断及设计提供参考。方法收集15例伴有TMD的安氏Ⅱ类错[牙合]患者,采用RW-splint治疗8个月后,通过髁突移位测量仪记录治疗前后髁突在正中关系位(centric relation,CR)和正中[牙合]位(centric occlusion,CO)时颌位(∠ANB,∠SN-MP,S-G0/N-Me)及咬合关系(磨牙、尖牙位移及前牙覆[牙合]覆盖值)的变化值。结果 RW-splint治疗后,15例患者∠ANB值(t=4.971,P=0.001)、∠SN-MP值(t=9.895,P <0.01)均显著增加,S-G0/N-Me变小(t=5.342,P=0.005)。15例患者下颌左右侧第一磨牙相对上颌第一磨牙远中移动均值分别为(1.57±0.79)mm,(1.69±1.29)mm;下颌左右侧尖牙均向远中移动均值分别为(1.54±0.50)mm,(1.51±1.08)mm;前牙覆[牙合]减小,覆盖增加,其均值分别为(1.16±0.60)mm,(1.99±0.85)mm。结论经RW-splint治疗后伴TMD的安氏Ⅱ类患者下颌皆发生顺时针旋转,磨牙及尖牙相对位置均有明显改变。     

错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数分析

目的：通过对错[牙合]畸形患者Bolton指数测量分析,探讨牙冠宽度与安氏各类错[牙合]畸形的关系。方法：错[牙合]畸形患者的初始记存模型382副,按照安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2、Ⅲ类分组。测量牙冠宽度并计算Bohon指数,测量结果采用Dunean’s检验。结果：382例错[牙合]畸形病例的前牙比、全牙比、后牙比均没有性别间的差异。安氏Ⅰ、Ⅱ1、Ⅱ2类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比与正常[牙合]人群基本一致,而Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者前牙比和全牙比则与正常[牙合]人群间存在差异,安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形患者的前牙比及全牙比明显高于其他各组,有显著性差异。结论：上下颌间牙量关系不调是安氏Ⅲ类错[牙合]畸形的主要病因之一。     

利用正畸托槽行弹性牵引治疗颞下颌关节镜术后错[牙合]畸形

目的：应用正畸托槽行颌间弹性牵引治疗颞下颌关节镜术后错[牙合]畸形,并对其疗效进行评价。方法：30例关节镜术后4周后咬合关系仍未恢复的患者随机分为2组,治疗组20例患者,采用正畸托槽行颌间弹性牵引治疗;对照组10例不采取任何治疗,观察2组患者咬合关系恢复清况,应用SAS6.12软件包对结果进行统计学分析。结果：2组患者的咬合关系恢复情况存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,除1例咬合关系恢复不佳外,治疗组患者咬合关系均得到恢复。结论：正畸托槽配合随形弓行颌间弹性牵引,可有效治疗颞下颌关节镜术后错[牙合]畸形。     

板治疗对骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者髁突功能位置和诊断的影响

目的：研究板治疗对骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者双侧髁突功能位置和诊断的影响。方法板治疗34例骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者。使用髁突位置测量仪( measures of condyle displacement, MCD)测量患者治疗前、中、后的正中关系( centric relation,CR)位与正中( centric occlusion, CO)位的差异,板治疗结束时重新评估错畸形诊断,比较板治疗前后功能位置差异和左右双侧对称性的改变。使用配对检验对数据统计分析。结果板治疗后患者CR与CO位的双侧髁突功能位置变化的对称性比治疗前有改善。板治疗后,患者中有2人(7．1%)骨性诊断改变,有6人(21．4%)的安氏诊断改变。结论板治疗可以使骨性Ⅰ类错畸形患者髁突CO-CR位置差异趋于协调,对称性得到改善。必要的板治疗可以改善错畸形患者诊断的正确率。     

The difference in condylar position between centric relation and centric occlusion in pretreatment Japanese orthodontic patients

This study investigates the differences in condylar position between centric relation (CR) and centric occlusion (CO) in Japanese orthodontic patients before treatment. We employed 150 consecutive cases (age range: 6-57 years) for the study. Dental casts were mounted on a Panadent articulator with a power centric CR bite record. The differences in condylar position between CR and CO in all three spatial planes were measured using the Panadent Condyle Position Indicator (CPI). The subjects were divided into groups by age, gender, mandibular plane angle or angle classification. No significant differences in the magnitude of CPI measurements were found among the groups. The three-dimensional distances of condylar displacement on both sides were almost identical, and the superoinferior displacement (S-I) was greater (P < .0001) than the anteroposterior displacement (A-P). The S-I was greater (P = .02) on the left side than on the right side, while the A-P displacement was smaller (P < .0001) on the left side than that on the right side. Significant condylar displacement (2.0 mm for S-I and A-P, 0.5 mm for the lateral displacement, L) was found frequently in L (31.3%), S-I, and A-P, in that order. Fifty-eight (38.7%) of the subjects had significant displacement in L, S-I, or A-P. Moreover, Angle Class III subjects tended to have significant condylar displacement toward the left side. The results suggest that orthodontists should be aware of a high incidence of condylar displacement in Japanese orthodontic patients and measure condylar displacement before the start of comprehensive orthodontic treatment to unmask real jaw relationships and avoid possible misdiagnoses.     

安氏Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类1分类错患者下颌位置的研究

目的：研究错He患者下颌处于正中关系位（centric relation,CR)和最大牙尖交错位（maximum intercuspation,MI)时髁突位置与咬合关系的变化。方法：使用PanadentHe架系统和髁突位置测量仪,检查50名错He患者（安氏Ⅰ类、Ⅱ^1类各25人）的下颌位置和咬合情况。结果：几乎所有的患者均存在CR－MI髁突位置差异,在矢状方向上多为向上移位,65％的受检者CR初始接触位于单侧最后磨砑,当下颌从CR位移至MI位时,咬合变化主要表现为磨牙关系近中化、切牙覆He加深覆盖变浅。安氏Ⅰ类与Ⅱ^1类错He之间,上述改变的差异无显著性。结论：正畸治疗前必须了解患者下颌处于正中关系时的咬合情况,发现He与下颌位置之间的不协调。     

Condylar axis position, as determined by the occlusion and measured by the CPI instrument, and signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction

The importance of occlusion as an etiologic factor in signs and symptoms of TMD has been a source of controversy. Very few studies have examined occlusion-dictated condylar position using instrumentation, and none has compared an ideal sample against an untreated control. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between condylar axis position as determined by the occlusion and signs and symptoms of TMD, using the condylar position indicator (CPI). A sample of subjects with ideal occlusions, defined as centric relation approximating centric occlusion, was compared with a control sample of untreated subjects. The comparison was based on written patient histories, clinical exams, and CPI measurements. The ideal sample of 30 subjects was selected from a population that had undergone full-mouth reconstruction using gnathologic principles that included centric relation (CR) being coincident with centric occlusion (CO). The control group consisted of 30 untreated subjects from the general population and was matched with the ideal sample with regard to sex. A duplicate written exam was given to the subjects in the ideal sample to assess symptoms prior to treatment. The CR bite registration technique developed by Roth was used. When the pre- and posttreatment examination scores of the ideal sample were compared, an 84% reduction in symptoms was found after treatment. A high correlation (p<.001) between signs and symptoms of TMD and CPI values was documented. Since condylar axis position is dictated upon closure of the dentition into maximum intercuspation and since condylar axis position was shown in this study to be strongly correlated with TMD symptomatology, it can be concluded that a statistically significant relationship exists between occlusion-dictated condylar position and symptoms of TMD.     

Definitive prosthodontic therapy for TMJ patients. Part I: Anterior and posterior condylar displacement

The final prosthodontic treatment procedure for anterior condylar displacement (functional centric relation) has been described. Deflective interferences in centric relation were removed and a removable partial denture constructed to the classical most retruded centric relation position of the mandible. Several patients with posterior condylar displacement (dysfunctional centric relation) have been documented. Anterior condylar repositioning was accomplished on a denture patient by merely establishing the correct vertical dimension of occlusion. Another patient required an increase in vertical dimension as well as anterior condylar repositioning.     

错 患者下颌位置的头影测量研究

目的　了解最大牙尖交错位MI与经校正得到的正中关系位CR头影测量结果差异 ,揭示下颌处于CR时的颅面骨骼特征。方法　用WilliamsCR头颅侧位片校正方法对 19例错患者MI头颅侧位片进行校正分析。结果　校正后面角、上下中切牙角显著减小 ,并节角、Y轴角、上下中切牙凸距显著增大 ,表明下颌后移 ;当髁突垂直向位移较大时 ,下颌向后移动趋势明显 ;面角、颌突角、ANB角、Y轴角、面轴角和上唇突度与髁突垂直向位移呈显著相关。结论　校正后的CR头影测量可揭示与常规拍摄的MI位片显著不同的上、下颌骨关系 ,有助于错的临床诊断和治疗设计。     

Condylar distraction effects of two-phasefunctional appliance/edgewise therapy versus one-phase onathologically based edgewise therapy

The purpose of this study was to determine the magnitude of condylar axis distraction from maximum intercuspation (MI) to centric relation (CR) in a 2-phase treatment group compared with a group of patients treated with a 1-phase gnathologically based treatment approach. More specifically, the difference in condylar axis position measured was the position of the condyles when the teeth meet in maximum intercuspation and that position in which the initial tooth contact occurs in centric relation. The CR registration was obtained after 3 weeks of continuous splint wear to achieve the neuromuscular release necessary to obtain a muscle/joint-guided position rather than a tooth-guided condylar position. Measurements of the vertical, transverse, and anterior-posterior distraction of the articulator's condyles from CR to MI were recorded on a millimetric grid using the Panadent condylar position indicator (CPI; Panadent Corp, Grand Terrace, CA). Study results indicated a statistically significant difference in the magnitude of condylar distraction from CR to MI in only the vertical dimension when comparing patients treated in 2 phases versus those treated with a 1-phase gnathological approach. The vertical CPI discrepancy resulting from the 2-phase approach averaged 1 mm larger than that from the 1-phase approach. Although differences in the magnitude of discrepancies were also found in the anteroposterior (AP) and transverse dimensions, these differences were not statistically significant at P < .01.     

正中关系位-正中[牙合]位垂直向不调患者戴用Roth诊断[牙合]垫前后头影测量比较

目的比较髁突位置垂直向异常患者传统的最大牙尖交错位（centricocclusion,CO）头颅侧位片与戴用骀垫后获得的正中关系位（centricrelation,CR）头颅侧位片头影测量结果差异,揭示患者真实的咬合关系,了解不同下颌位置的头影测量分析存在的差异可能为临床诊断带来的影响,为临床提供参考。方法选取髁突位置垂直向异常患者14例,拍摄传统CO位头颅侧位片和戴用殆垫后获得的CR位头颅侧位片,比较两组头影测量21项指标结果差异。结果CR位头影测量值ANB角、关节角、Y轴角、覆盖明显大于CO位头影测量值（P〈0．05）,而SNB角、面轴角明显小于CO位头影测量值（P〈0．05）。结论髁突位置垂直向异常患者CO位和CR位头影测量各项目差异说明,髁突从CO位退到CR位时下颌位置在矢状和垂直向发生改变,对这类患者的临床诊断和治疗设计可能会产生影响。