改进三测单在创伤病房疼痛记录中的临床应用研究

Objective To investigate the effect of improved three-item nursing recording sheet on simplifying nursing record and pain management in trauma ward. Methods The patients involved two wards in our department were divided into control group and study group. Control group was adopted conventional nursing recording sheet to record pain information with words. In study group, the improved three - item nursing recording sheet added pain scoring column was used to record pain information through the curve form. The effect, satisfaction of pain control and nursing record costing time were compared between two groups. Results Satisfaction of patients in study group was better than control group ( P＜0.05 ) ; The effect of pain control in study group wassignificantly better than control group (P＜0.001 ) ; The time of nurse recording was reduced one-third. Conclusions The improved recording sheet can make doctors and nurses visually, dynamically know pain intensity and trends, make patients receive timely and effective treatment, promote patient satisfaction with pain control, save recording time. This method is suitable for the surgical department.     

Application of multiple Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction by formation of bile hilar duct lake in the operation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma

BACKGROUND Hilar cholangiocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the extrahepatic bile duct.Until now,radical resection has been the most effective method for the long-term survival of patients with the disease.However,many problems have emerged in the field of hepatobiliary surgery for a long time,including complex surgical procedures,low resection rate,and postoperative complications.We have adopted the“multiple Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction by formation of a bile duct lake”technique in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma since 2008,and obtained satisfactory short-and longterm results.AIM To examine the feasibility of the application of multiple Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction by formation of a bile duct lake in the operation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data,surgical methods,and results of 76 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma who were treated with hilar bile duct lake-forming multiple Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction at Gansu Provincial Hospital.RESULTS In all 76 cases,the operation was successful and no operative death occurred.The mean(range)operation time was 215.4±53.5 min(124–678 min),and the amount of bleeding during the operation was 428.2±63.8 mL(240–2200 mL).The overall 1-year survival rate was 78.9%,and the 3-year survival rate was 32.8%.CONCLUSION The multiple Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction technique with formation of a bile duct lake is safe and effective for the surgical treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

胆漏试验在预防肝切除术后胆漏的作用

目的 评价术中胆漏试验预防肝切除术后胆漏的作用.方法 81例肝切除患者随机分2组.试验组(41例)应用脂肪乳(无菌)自胆囊管注入,观察肝断面的渗漏情况,及时处理渗漏点,对照组(40例)应用常规方法处理肝断面.分析2组术后胆漏发生率.结果 试验组术后发生胆漏1例(2.4%),对照组6例(15.0%),2组差异有统计学意义(x2=4.04,P＜0.05).结论 术中胆漏试验能够有效预防肝切除术后胆漏的发生,并不增加其他并发症的概率.

Abstract：

Objectiye To evaluate the value of intraoperative bile leakage test during liver resection in preventing postoperation bile leakage. Methods Eighty-one cases were randomly divided into two groups,in the test group (41 cases) white fat emulsion(sterilized) was injected into common bile tract through cyst bile duct,the leakage points on the transect surface were observed and disposed. In the control group (40 cases) the transect surface were disposed by regular methods. The rate of postoperation bile leakage in the two groups were analyzed. Results The rate of postoperation bile leakage in the test group was 2. 4% (n=1), and the rate of postoperation bile leakage in the control group was 15% (n = 6). There was significant difference between the two groups (x2=4.04, P＜0.05). Conclusion The white bile leakage test is effective in preventing the postoperation bile leakage during liver resection and does not increase other complications.     

Acute distal common bile duct angle is risk factor for postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis in beginner endoscopist

BACKGROUND Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)pancreatitis(PEP)is a critical and poorly managed complication of ERCP.Endoscopists need to understand the risk factors for PEP.However,the majority of studies investigating ERCP-related risk factors have included well-trained endoscopists,with the issue of endoscopist experience on PEP incidence not having been systematically evaluated.AIM To explore the risk factors for PEP in beginner endoscopists without supervision.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of 293 patients,with naïve papilla and no history of pancreatitis,treated using bile duct cannulation.Patients were classified according to the endoscopist’s experience(beginner vs expert).The angle of the distal common bile duct(CBD)was measured as the angle between the lower wall of the bile duct and a vertical line extending to the lower wall of the bile duct on coronal view computed tomography.RESULTS After propensity matching,there were no differences between patients treated by the expert and beginner endoscopist with regard to age,sex,mean bile duct dilatation,and ratio of benign disease.The distal CBD angle was classified as acute(>30º)or obtuse(≤30º),based on the mean angle of 29.9ºfor the group.An acute distal CBD angle was a significant risk factor for PEP for beginner(P=0.049),but not expert.CONCLUSION For beginner endoscopists first performing unsupervised ERCP,cases with an obtuse distal CBD angle may be more appropriate to lower the risk of PEP.     

改进三测单在创伤病房疼痛记录中的临床应用研究

Objective To investigate the effect of improved three-item nursing recording sheet on simplifying nursing record and pain management in trauma ward. Methods The patients involved two wards in our department were divided into control group and study group. Control group was adopted conventional nursing recording sheet to record pain information with words. In study group, the improved three - item nursing recording sheet added pain scoring column was used to record pain information through the curve form. The effect, satisfaction of pain control and nursing record costing time were compared between two groups. Results Satisfaction of patients in study group was better than control group ( P＜0.05 ) ; The effect of pain control in study group wassignificantly better than control group (P＜0.001 ) ; The time of nurse recording was reduced one-third. Conclusions The improved recording sheet can make doctors and nurses visually, dynamically know pain intensity and trends, make patients receive timely and effective treatment, promote patient satisfaction with pain control, save recording time. This method is suitable for the surgical department.     

主动免疫疗法在原因不明习惯性流产患者中的应用

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes in cellular immunity and the causes of unexplained habitual abortion(UHA)as well as the mechanism of active immunotherapy on UHA patients.Methods T-lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell subsets(CD3+%,CD4+%,CD8+%,CD16+CD56+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio)of peripheral blood were detected by applying flow cytometry and compared in 66 cases of UHA(UHA group,including 30 cases receiving active immunotherapy and 36 untreated UHA cases)and 30 cases of healthy fertile women(healthy control group).The re-pregnancy achievement ratio was compared between 30 treated UHA cases and 36 untreated UHA cases.Results The percentages of CD31+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher in UHA group than those of healthy control group(P＜0.050).As compared with those of untreated UHA subgroup,the percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.050),while the re-pregnancy achievement ratio was higher(92.86% vs 05 29.03%,P＜0.001).Conclusion The changes in T-lymphocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with occurrence of UHA.Active immunotherapy can regulate the cellular immune function and improve the re-pregnancy achievement ratio effectively.     

主动免疫疗法在原因不明习惯性流产患者中的应用

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes in cellular immunity and the causes of unexplained habitual abortion(UHA)as well as the mechanism of active immunotherapy on UHA patients.Methods T-lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell subsets(CD3+%,CD4+%,CD8+%,CD16+CD56+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio)of peripheral blood were detected by applying flow cytometry and compared in 66 cases of UHA(UHA group,including 30 cases receiving active immunotherapy and 36 untreated UHA cases)and 30 cases of healthy fertile women(healthy control group).The re-pregnancy achievement ratio was compared between 30 treated UHA cases and 36 untreated UHA cases.Results The percentages of CD31+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher in UHA group than those of healthy control group(P＜0.050).As compared with those of untreated UHA subgroup,the percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.050),while the re-pregnancy achievement ratio was higher(92.86% vs 05 29.03%,P＜0.001).Conclusion The changes in T-lymphocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with occurrence of UHA.Active immunotherapy can regulate the cellular immune function and improve the re-pregnancy achievement ratio effectively.     

主动免疫疗法在原因不明习惯性流产患者中的应用

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes in cellular immunity and the causes of unexplained habitual abortion(UHA)as well as the mechanism of active immunotherapy on UHA patients.Methods T-lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell subsets(CD3+%,CD4+%,CD8+%,CD16+CD56+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio)of peripheral blood were detected by applying flow cytometry and compared in 66 cases of UHA(UHA group,including 30 cases receiving active immunotherapy and 36 untreated UHA cases)and 30 cases of healthy fertile women(healthy control group).The re-pregnancy achievement ratio was compared between 30 treated UHA cases and 36 untreated UHA cases.Results The percentages of CD31+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher in UHA group than those of healthy control group(P＜0.050).As compared with those of untreated UHA subgroup,the percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.050),while the re-pregnancy achievement ratio was higher(92.86% vs 05 29.03%,P＜0.001).Conclusion The changes in T-lymphocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with occurrence of UHA.Active immunotherapy can regulate the cellular immune function and improve the re-pregnancy achievement ratio effectively.     

主动免疫疗法在原因不明习惯性流产患者中的应用

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes in cellular immunity and the causes of unexplained habitual abortion(UHA)as well as the mechanism of active immunotherapy on UHA patients.Methods T-lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell subsets(CD3+%,CD4+%,CD8+%,CD16+CD56+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio)of peripheral blood were detected by applying flow cytometry and compared in 66 cases of UHA(UHA group,including 30 cases receiving active immunotherapy and 36 untreated UHA cases)and 30 cases of healthy fertile women(healthy control group).The re-pregnancy achievement ratio was compared between 30 treated UHA cases and 36 untreated UHA cases.Results The percentages of CD31+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher in UHA group than those of healthy control group(P＜0.050).As compared with those of untreated UHA subgroup,the percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.050),while the re-pregnancy achievement ratio was higher(92.86% vs 05 29.03%,P＜0.001).Conclusion The changes in T-lymphocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with occurrence of UHA.Active immunotherapy can regulate the cellular immune function and improve the re-pregnancy achievement ratio effectively.     

主动免疫疗法在原因不明习惯性流产患者中的应用

Objective To explore the relationship between the changes in cellular immunity and the causes of unexplained habitual abortion(UHA)as well as the mechanism of active immunotherapy on UHA patients.Methods T-lymphocyte and natural killer(NK)cell subsets(CD3+%,CD4+%,CD8+%,CD16+CD56+% and CD4+/CD8+ ratio)of peripheral blood were detected by applying flow cytometry and compared in 66 cases of UHA(UHA group,including 30 cases receiving active immunotherapy and 36 untreated UHA cases)and 30 cases of healthy fertile women(healthy control group).The re-pregnancy achievement ratio was compared between 30 treated UHA cases and 36 untreated UHA cases.Results The percentages of CD31+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly higher in UHA group than those of healthy control group(P＜0.050).As compared with those of untreated UHA subgroup,the percentages of CD3+ and CD16+ CD56+ cells as well as CD4+/CD8+ ratio were significantly lower(P＜0.050),while the re-pregnancy achievement ratio was higher(92.86% vs 05 29.03%,P＜0.001).Conclusion The changes in T-lymphocyte and NK cell subsets have something to do with occurrence of UHA.Active immunotherapy can regulate the cellular immune function and improve the re-pregnancy achievement ratio effectively.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的外科处理

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的外科处理效果。 方法北京大学第一医院普通外科2001年1月至2017年12月行3695例腹腔镜胆囊切除术,发生胆管损伤11例（0.3%）。胆管部分损伤5例,行缝合修复,其中4例放置T管引流;胆管横断伤6例,行胆管端端吻合T管引流3例,行预置盲襻式胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合3例。 结果7例T管引流于术后6~12个月拔除。11例随访时间18~60个月,平均44.8个月。胆肠吻合口狭窄2例,行胆道镜球囊扩张;余9例未出现胆管狭窄。 结论胆管缝合修复、胆管端端吻合、预置盲襻式胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合均是胆管损伤后外科处理的有效手段;胆管损伤修复后出现胆管狭窄,可以选择胆道镜球囊扩张,必要时行再手术矫正。     

肝内胆管结石的外科治疗：附119例病例分析

目的探讨肝内胆管结石外科治疗方法的选择及疗效。方法对我院2005年6月～2010年6月经手术治疗的肝内胆管结石119例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组均行手术治疗,其中行肝叶切除术43例,肝叶（段）切除、胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术35例,胆管空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术26例,胆管切开取石、T管引流术15例。本组术后残余结石12例（10.08%）,再手术9例（7.56%）。术后随访5～36个月,全组优良106例（89.08%）,差13例（10.92%）。结论采取合理的手术方式解除胆道梗阻,去除病因,术中及术后配合胆道镜取石可减少结石残留及复发,避免二次手术。     

两种肝脏血流阻断方法进行左半肝切除治疗左肝内胆管结石的临床对照研究

目的探讨解剖性左半肝切除治疗左肝内胆管结石的可行性与安全性。方法将80例左肝胆管结石拟行半肝切除术的患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各40例。治疗组采用解剖性左半肝切除,对照组采用Pringle法全肝入肝血流阻断左半肝切除。比较分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术后肝功能恢复及术后并发症发生情况。结果两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量均无统计学差异(P>0.05),而治疗组术后住院时间较对照组明显缩短(P<0.05);术后5 d,治疗组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)及总胆红素(TB)水平均显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。术后1 d、3 d,治疗组术后凝血活酶时间(APTT)、凝血酶原时间(PT)均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),而术后5 d上述凝血指标在两组间无统计学差异(P>0.05);治疗组术后并发症发生率为10.0%,显著低于对照组(25.0%,P<0.05)。结论解剖性左半肝切除是安全可行的,对健侧肝脏损伤较小,可有效控制术中出血,减少术后并发症,是左肝内胆管结石的一种理想治疗方法。     

胆石症再手术116例临床分析

目的:探讨胆石症再次手术的原因及防治措施。方法:对我院过去3年收治的116例胆石症再手术病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果:再次手术主要原因为结石残留或复发(82·76%)、胆管或者胆肠吻合口的狭窄(12·07%)及术中胆道损伤修复不成功(4·31%)等。再次手术方式以胆总管切开“T”形管引流术、肝叶切除术和肝胆管整形、肝胆管-空肠Roux-en-Y吻合术为主。结论:详细而全面的术前检查、规范的胆道手术操作和胆道损伤后科学的修复技巧才是胆道再手术预防的关键。     

胆管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石的远期疗效

目的探讨改良的胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石患者的远期疗效。方法将自1990年7月至2002年7月本院收治的51例老年胆道结石复发的患者分为改良组与对照组。改良组31例，均行改良的胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术；对照组20例为改良术式前收治的患者，行胆管十二指肠吻合术。对51例进行随访6～16年，统计两组远期效果及再手术率。结果改良组效果优、良者占93．6％，再手术率3．2％（1／31）；对照组效果优、良者占60．0％，再手术率35％，两组间优良率及再手术率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论胆总管空肠Roux—en—y吻合术对老年胆道再生结石患者有良好的远期疗效。     

胆石症再次手术405例分析

目的：探讨胆石症再次手术的原因及防治措施。方法：对我科过去5年收治的405例胆石症再手术病例的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：再次手术主要原因为结石残留或复发，术前漏诊以及残株胆囊、胆管狭窄等。再次手术方式以胆总管切开T管引流术、胆肠吻合术、残株胆囊切除术、肝左外叶切除术为主。结论：胆石症患者术前检查应尽量完善，明确结石部位，不应忽视胆囊切除术，胆肠吻合应采取大口吻合，以防止吻合口狭窄发生。     

Managing concomitant gallbladder stones and common bile duct stones in the laparoscopic era: a systematic review

Background: There is still no consensus on the ideal management of common bile duct (CBD) stones. This article aims to review the management of concomitant gallbladder stones and CBD stones in the laparoscopic era. Method: A PubMed database search was performed to identify MEDLINE articles from 1986 to 2010 using the key terms “common bile duct stones,”“cholecystectomy,”“bile duct exploration,”“ERCP” (endoscopic retrograde cholangiography), and “endoscopic sphincterotomy.” Results: There were five randomized comparative trials (RCT) comparing sequential preoperative ERCP and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) to laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE). Two RCTs showed similar stone clearance rates and shorter hospital stays in the LCBDE group, while three RCTs showed similar stone clearance rates and hospital stays in sequential preoperative ERCP, LC and LCBDE groups. There were two RCTs comparing LCBDE to sequential LC and postoperative ERCP. One showed similar stone clearance rate and shorter hospital stay in LCBDE group, while the other showed similar stone clearance rate and hospital stay. There were three RCTs comparing sequential preoperative ERCP and LC against LC with intraoperative ERCP. All three studies showed similar stone clearance rates and shorter hospital stays in the intraoperative ERCP group. There was only one RCT comparing sequential preoperative ERCP and LC against sequential LC and postoperative ERCP. This showed a similar stone clearance rate and shorter hospital stay in the postoperative ERCP group. Conclusion: Different management approaches of concomitant gallbladder stones and CBD stones were equivalent in efficacy. However, one‐stage management had the advantage of providing a shorter hospital stay.     

胆管细胞癌CD133表达的临床病理意义

目的 探讨胆管细胞癌中潜在的肿瘤干样细胞标记CD133 的表达状况及其与临床病理的关系.方法 采用兔抗人CD133 抗体和非生物素二步法免疫组织化学技术检测53 例胆管细胞癌、30 例癌旁组织和20 例正常胆管组织标本中CD133 的表达状况并分析其与患者年龄、性别、肿瘤部位、组织学分级以及临床分期的关系.结果 胆管细胞癌的CD133 表达较癌旁组织和正常胆管组织明显升高(P ＜0.001).CD133 表达与年龄、性别及肿瘤部位无关(P 值分别为0.779、0.256 和0.409),但与癌组织学分级(P ＝0.014)及临床分期(P ＝0.028)呈正相关.Kaplan-Meier 生存分析提示CD133 表达与胆管细胞癌的预后相关(P ＝0.004).结论 CD133 表达可能对胆管细胞癌的发生、演化和进展具有一定的作用,并可能成为辅助胆管细胞癌诊断及预后评价的一个新标记物.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因及防治

目的探讨腹腔镜胆囊切除术胆管损伤的原因及其防治方法。方法回顾分析2102例腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆管损伤病人的临床资料。结果5例胆管损伤患者经早期发现、早期诊断、及时处理、支撑引流,治愈。3例发现较晚先外引流,后期胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合术治愈。结论严格掌握腹腔镜胆囊切除术手术适应证,熟练掌握操作技术,术中出现问题及时开腹手术是减少胆管损伤的重要因素。胆管损伤早发现,早期采用修补损伤,胆管支撑管引流,胆管损伤发现较晚和迟发性损伤采用先外引流、二期胆管Roux-en-Y吻合术是可靠的方法。