神经外科患者尿路感染危险因素分析及护理对策

目的 分析神经外科患者发生尿路感染的因素,总结相应护理对策和注意事项.方法 选取2009年3月至2010年2月我院神经外科连续收治的住院患者306例,分析和总结患者发生尿路感染的因素.结果 高龄、女性、导尿、医源性操作不当、长期卧床、合并糖尿病、抗生素使用不合理是神经外科患者发生尿路感染的主要危险因素.结论 神经外科住院患者发生尿路感染的危险因素较多,积极正确的护理对策有助于减少患者发生尿路感染.

Abstract：

Objective To study the risk factors of urinary tract infection in neurosurgical inpatients,and summarize care measures and precautions. Methods Three hundred and six neurosurgical inpatients were enrolled from March 2009 to February 2010, the risk factors of urinary tract infection were analyzed and summarized. Results Senility, female, catheterization, iatrogenic improper operation, bedridden,complicated with diabetes, inappropriate use of antibiotics were the main risk factors of urinary tract infection in neurosurgical inpatients. Conclusions The risk factors of urinary tract infection in neurosurgical inpatients are many, positive and correct care measures help to reduce the risk.     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性分析

Objective To analyze the infection and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasma hominis ( Mh) among female urogenital tract in 2008,hope to provide the data of epidemiology and guide of antibiotics use.Methods Cervical secretion was identified and their antibiotic susceptibility was detected with Mycoplasma IST 2 Reagent from France,the result of mycoplasma cultivation and the sensitivities to antibiotics was analyzed.Results The positive rate of Mycoplasma was 58.6%(610/1 041),among the the 610 positive sample,519(49.9%) cases were Uu positive; 10 cases(1%)were Mh positive;81 ca-ses(7.8%)vrere both Uu and Mh positive;the susceptibility to all these 9 antimicrobial agents in sequence wase Pristinamycin(99.8%)、 Josamycin(99.5%),Doxycycline(96.1 % )、Tetracycline(93.4%) 、Clarithromycin(83.8%)、 Azithromycin(75.9%)、Erythro-mycin(73.4%)、Ofloxacin(27.9%) and Ciprofloxacin(21.8%).Conclusion Mycoplasma (especially Uu) was the main pathogen of urogenital tracts among female with great variation of susceptibility to antibiotics.The sensitive antibiotics should be used to treat the infection of Uu and Mh,such as Pristinamycin,Josamycin,Doxycycline.But Mycoplasma have a high resistance rate to quinolones,that should be paid more attention.     

女性泌尿生殖道支原体感染及耐药性分析

Objective To analyze the infection and drug resistance of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) and mycoplasma hominis ( Mh) among female urogenital tract in 2008,hope to provide the data of epidemiology and guide of antibiotics use.Methods Cervical secretion was identified and their antibiotic susceptibility was detected with Mycoplasma IST 2 Reagent from France,the result of mycoplasma cultivation and the sensitivities to antibiotics was analyzed.Results The positive rate of Mycoplasma was 58.6%(610/1 041),among the the 610 positive sample,519(49.9%) cases were Uu positive; 10 cases(1%)were Mh positive;81 ca-ses(7.8%)vrere both Uu and Mh positive;the susceptibility to all these 9 antimicrobial agents in sequence wase Pristinamycin(99.8%)、 Josamycin(99.5%),Doxycycline(96.1 % )、Tetracycline(93.4%) 、Clarithromycin(83.8%)、 Azithromycin(75.9%)、Erythro-mycin(73.4%)、Ofloxacin(27.9%) and Ciprofloxacin(21.8%).Conclusion Mycoplasma (especially Uu) was the main pathogen of urogenital tracts among female with great variation of susceptibility to antibiotics.The sensitive antibiotics should be used to treat the infection of Uu and Mh,such as Pristinamycin,Josamycin,Doxycycline.But Mycoplasma have a high resistance rate to quinolones,that should be paid more attention.     

重症监护病房下呼吸道感染临床特点及病原菌耐药性分析

目的 了解重症监护病房(ICU)患者下呼吸道感染的临床特点和病原菌分布及耐药情况,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据.方法 对2008年1月至2010年8月我院ICU发生下呼吸道感染患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对分离出的病原菌进行菌株鉴定,药敏试验采用琼脂扩散(K-B)法,结果依据CLSI(2007)标准判读.结果 ICU共收治患者509例,发生下呼吸道感染147例,下呼吸道感染发生率为28.9%(147/509);分离出病原菌283株,其中主要为G-杆菌占86.9%,其他病原菌包括G+球菌(7.4)%和真菌(5.7)%;最常见的病原菌依次为鲍曼不动杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌、真菌、大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、洋葱伯克霍尔德菌等,分别占24.7%、20.5%、12.7%、6.4%、5.7%、5.3%、5.3%、4.6%;主要病原菌对多种抗菌药物耐药严重.结论 ICU下呼吸道感染的发生率高,G-杆菌是导致下呼吸道感染的主要病原菌,且对抗菌药物呈多重耐药.

Abstract：

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of lower respiratory tract infection,pathogenic distribution and drug resistance in intensive care unit to provide a basis for reasonable use of antibiotics. Methods From January 2008 to August 2010,the clinical data from our hospital ICU impatients of lower respiratory tract infection were retrospectively analyzed. The isolated strains were identified, the antibiotic susceptibility test was performed by K-B methods and the results were read according to CLSI 2007. Results There were 509 patients, 147 cases of lower respiratory tract infection were found. Lower respiratory tract infection rate was 28.9% (147/509); 283 strains of pathogens had been isolated by culture and most of which were Gram negative bacilli(86. 9%), the other pathogens included Gram positive cocci(7.4%) and fungi(5.7%). The most common pathogens were Acinetobacter spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Stenotrophomonas oligotrophic aeromons, Fungi, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Burkholderia cepacia,etc,accounting for 24. 7% ,20. 5% ,12. 7% ,6. 4% ,5.7% ,5. 3% ,5.3% and 4. 6% ;The main pathogens were highly resistant to the most antibiotics. Conclusion ICU had a higher lower respiratory tract infection rate, Gram negative bacilli are the main pathogen, and showed the multi-drug resistance features to the antibiotics.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

UF-1000i全自动尿有形成分分析仪对尿路感染的诊断价值

Objective To evaluate the application value of UF-1000i automated urine formed elements analyzer in the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Methods 150 urine specimens were analyzed using the UF-1000i in parallel with detection of leukocyte, yeast-like fungus, and bacteria. These detection results were collected for evaluation of urinary tract infection and scatter grams were recorded. At the same time, these samples were cultured for bacterial identification, which results were compared with that of the UF-1000i. The clinical diagnose criteria of the UTI was performed as golden standard. As compare with results obtained with UF-1000i, the sensitivity and specificity of UF-1000i for diagnosis of urinary tract infection were evaluated, and the consistency were analyzed among scatter grams, bacterial culture and final diagnosis. Results The statistical results from 146 specimens showed that the positive rate of UF-1000i was 32. 9% (48/146), the positive rate of urine culture is 28. 8% (42/146). There was no significant statistical difference found (χ2 = 1.79 ,P = 0. 18 )and Kappa test showed a considerable consistency (K = 0. 775 6). The UF-1000i detection results showed the sensitivity 76. 0% ( 38/50 ), specificity 89. 6% ( 86/96 ), positive predictive value 79. 2% ( 38/48 ) and negative predictive value 87. 8% ( 86/98 ), respectively. The distribution of coccus and bacilli obtained from the UF-1000i testing was basically in accordance with the results of bacterial culture. Conclusion The "UTI-information" of UF-1000i is very important for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections.     

1042例尿路感染致病菌分布及耐药性分析

目的 研究泌尿系统感染常见致病菌的分布及耐药情况,指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法 回顾性分析2013~2015年该院泌尿外科住院病历,对泌尿感染患者的细菌培养及药敏结果进行统计分析。结果 共检出1 042株致病菌,革兰阴性菌占总细菌数的79.0%,革兰阳性菌占15.3%,真菌占5.7%。其中革兰阴性菌以大肠埃希菌为主,革兰阳性菌以肠球菌属为主。革兰阴性菌对于头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、左氧氟沙星、复方磺胺甲噁唑、环丙沙星、氨曲南、头孢吡肟耐药率均比较高,对于哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、亚胺培南的耐药率低于6.0%;革兰阳性菌对万古霉素、利奈唑胺、呋喃妥因均较敏感,对克林霉素、红霉素、头孢曲松的耐药率较高(70.0%)。结论 临床在选择抗菌药物时应充分结合细菌培养及药敏结果,合理使用抗菌药物。     

老年糖尿病患者泌尿道感染病原菌培养及耐药性的分析

目的探讨老年糖尿病(DM)患者泌尿道感染病原菌的种类及耐药性,为医师选择合适的抗菌药物提供参考依据。方法统计该院2014年1~12月老年DM患者1 689例尿培养及药敏结果。尿液定量培养、病原菌的鉴定和药敏检测依据临床微生物学检验技术规范和KB法进行操作。结果 703株尿培养阳性菌中,大肠埃希菌占61.9%,肺炎克雷伯菌占12.5%,肠球菌属占8.1%,分别居第1、2、3位;超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)检出率48.6%,耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)检出率51.5%;革兰阴性菌对磺胺甲噁唑/甲氧苄啶耐药率最高,均大于60.0%,耐药率小于25.0%的药物有阿米卡星、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、亚胺培南、美罗培南。结论老年DM患者泌尿道病原菌的耐药性因种类而各不相同,医师务必参照病原学和药敏报告,选择合适的药物控制感染。     

老年人尿路感染常见病原菌耐药性分析

目的研究老年人尿路感染的常见病原菌及其对常用抗生素的耐药性，以指导临床用药。方法采用Vitek-Ams System和Kirby-Bauer法对267例尿路感染的老年患者标本进行细菌培养并检测其对多种抗生素的耐药性。结果共检出病原菌310株，其中革兰阴性杆菌201株（66．1％），主要为大肠埃希菌137株（45．1％）、铜绿假单胞菌25株（8．2％）、肺炎克雷伯菌19株（6．3％）、变形杆菌13株（4．3％）。革兰阴性杆菌对第3代头孢菌素的耐药率较高，可能与产超广谱B内酰胺酶菌株的增多有关，亚胺培南是治疗革兰阴性杆菌感染最有效的药物。革兰阳性球菌76株（23．0％），层析万古霉素仍然是治疗革兰阳性球菌感染最有效的药物。真菌33株（10．9％），对两性霉素B耐药率为0。结论老年人尿路感染病原菌耐药性严重，持续耐药监测对抗生素的合理应用，提高疗效，减缓耐药菌株的发生与发展有重要意义。     

某院2009～2011年尿培养中细菌分布及耐药性分析

目的监测和分析本院2009～2011年尿培养分离病原菌的种类、分布及耐药状况,指导临床合理运用抗菌药物。方法采用VITEK 2Compact系统对尿培养阳性标本分离菌株进行鉴定及药敏分析,应用WHONET 5.6软件分析中段尿培养标本所分离病原菌的分布及药敏情况。结果 3 571例尿培养标本中共分离出1 046株病原菌,阳性率为29.3%,其中革兰阴性菌601株,占57.5%,尤以大肠埃希菌最为常见;革兰阳性菌261株,占24.9%,以葡萄球菌和肠球菌为主;真菌184株,占17.6%。病原菌对各种抗菌药物耐药差异性较大,表现为多药耐药。结论本院尿路感染病原菌种类复杂多样、耐药程度严重,需及时监测病原菌的菌群种类分布和耐药变迁,以指导临床合理、规范地使用抗菌药物。     

泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及体外耐药性

目的了解本地区泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及对常用抗菌药物的耐药情况，为临床治疗尿道感染提供依据。方法对本院2005年1月至2006年12月住院及门诊患者尿培养分离的细菌，进行菌株鉴定和耐药性分析。结果共分离到细菌380株，主要菌种为大肠埃希菌248株（65．3％），葡萄球菌53株（13．9％），肺炎克雷伯菌33株（8．7％），肠球菌37株（9．7％），铜绿假单胞及真菌，革兰阳性菌对万古霉素敏感率为100％，肠杆菌科菌较敏感药物为亚胺培南。结论尿路感染对抗菌药物耐药率呈上升趋势，临床应根据细菌药敏结果合理使用抗菌药物。     

导致复杂性肾结石感染的临床高风险因素及应对方案研究

【目的】观察和探讨复杂性肾结石合并尿路感染病原菌分布以及常用抗生素的药物敏感性,为复杂性肾结石感染患者的治疗提供一定的参考与借鉴。【方法】选取本院在2012年5月到2014年12月期间收治的120例复杂性肾结石伴尿路感染患者,对其尿液进行细菌培养,对培养结果阳性的25例患者(占20.83%)病原菌及其主要抗生素的耐药情况进行分析。【结果】病原菌分析结果表明,大肠埃希菌13株,占52.0%,为主要致病菌。病原菌对头孢哌酮的敏感率明显低于左氧氟沙星、阿米卡星和亚胺培南(P <0.05)。【结论】目前复杂性肾结石并尿路感染最常见的病原菌为大肠埃希菌,对头孢类抗生素耐药率较高,治疗上应以病原菌培养和药物敏感结果为依据,合理选择抗生素。     

病原菌在泌尿系感染中的分布及耐药性分析

目的探讨泌尿系感染病原菌的分布及耐药状况，为临床诊断和治疗泌尿系感染疾病提供可靠的依据，指导临床合理用药。方法回顾性分析近2年来本院住院及门诊泌尿系感染患者尿培养结果，分离出382株病原菌进行鉴定和耐药性分析。结果病原菌以革兰阴性杆菌为主，占70．0％以上。革兰阴性杆菌中大肠埃希菌检出率最高，占50．3％；其次为肠球菌属，占13．7％，且比例有逐渐升高趋势。大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南耐药率最低，为2．6％，而对大部分β-内酰胺类药物的耐药率大于35．0％；肠球菌属耐药率为38．0％～90．0％，对万古耐药率为3．8％。结论泌尿系感染主要病原菌为肠杆菌科细菌，对头孢菌素和喹诺酮类药物耐药率明显升高，临床应依据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物，减少耐药性播散。     

老年患者泌尿系统感染致病菌及其耐药性分析

目的调查老年患者泌尿系统感染致病菌及其耐药性，为临床合理使用抗生素提供依据。方法对428例老年患者中段尿标本进行细菌培养及耐药性监测。结果共检测出病原菌435株，其中革兰阴性杆菌占61．8％，革兰阳性球菌占25．1％，真菌占10．3％；老年女性革兰阴性杆菌的感染率显著高于男性（P〈0．01）；革兰阴性及阳性细菌中分别以大肠埃希菌（39．1％）和肠球菌属（16．3％）最多。产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）的大肠埃希菌对亚胺培南、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、呋喃妥因、氨卞西林-舒巴坦、阿米卡星的耐药率低；肠球菌属细菌对万古霉素、利奈唑烷均100％敏感；葡萄球菌属细菌耐甲氧西林株达90．6％。结论老年患者泌尿系统感染以革兰阴性菌为优势菌株，细菌耐药性监测对指导临床合理用药具有重要意义。     

女性泌尿生殖道感染解脲支原体的耐药性监测

目的观察女性泌尿生殖道感染解脲支原体对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法通过回顾性调查和药敏试验方法,对本医院妇科送检的女性泌尿生殖道感染标本中支原体进行检验和药敏试验。结果从该医院妇科送检的446份标本中,检出解脲支原体191例,阳性率为42.8%。经对临床常用9种抗菌药物药敏试验,解脲支原体对强力霉素、原始霉素、四环素、交沙霉素、阿奇霉素、克拉霉素、红霉素敏感率范围为99%~72%;而对氧氟沙星和环丙沙星耐药率为60%以上。结论该医院妇科女性泌尿生殖道感染的解脲支原体对多数抗菌药物敏感,对部分抗菌药物耐药。     

尿路感染常见病原菌分布及药敏分析

目的研究尿路感染的常见病原菌分布及耐药性,为临床合理应用抗菌药物提供依据。方法应用Walkaway 40型全自动细菌鉴定仪对815株尿路感染病原菌进行鉴定和药敏分析。结果 815株病原菌中,以革兰阴性杆菌为主,共630株(77.3%),革兰阳性球菌138株(16.9%),真菌47株(5.8%)。在所有分离菌中,大肠埃希菌检出率最高,为418株(51.3%),其余依次为粪肠球菌66株(8.1%),肺炎克雷伯菌65株(8.1%),奇异变形杆菌60株(7.4%)。药敏结果显示革兰阴性杆菌对美洛培南敏感性最高,耐药率低于12.0%,对氨苄西林耐药率高达69.6%～95.7%。革兰阳性球菌中,葡萄球菌对万古霉素均敏感,但对苯唑西林耐药率高达93.8%;粪肠球菌对6种抗菌药物的耐药率高达76.4%～92.8%。结论革兰阴性杆菌在尿路感染中仍占绝对优势;不同菌种对不同抗菌药物耐药率差别较大;合理使用抗菌药物对有效控制尿路感染和避免耐药菌株的产生尤为关键。