尿NGAL在儿童急性肾损伤诊断中的作用研究

目的：探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质记载蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associate dlipocalin,NGAL）在儿童急性肾损伤诊断中的敏感性,特异性以及在鉴别肾前性氮质血症和急性肾损伤中的作用。方法：收集急性肾损伤的患儿36例,肾前性氮质血症患儿28例,正常对照组52例。所有入选患儿均常规测血压,检测血常规、肝功、肾功及离子、尿常规、尿钠、尿肌酐、尿NAG、尿α1-MG。每个入选患儿收集3～5ml尿液,离心后-80℃冰箱冻存,ELISA方法检测尿NGAL。结果：急性肾损伤组患儿尿NGAL值明显高于肾前性氮质血症组和正常对照组（399μg/g creatinine[SD,366];P〈0.01）。绘制ROC曲线后,NGAL在截断值为100μg/g creatinine时,其诊断儿童急性肾损伤的敏感性为0.91（CI：0.74～0.98）,特异性为0.98（CI0.97～0.99）;阳性似然比为155.33（CI56.34～464.75）,阴性似然比为0.08（CI0.03～0.27）,明显好于尿NAG,尿α1-MG和血肌酐。结论：尿NGAL在儿童急性肾损伤的诊断中,敏感性和特异性,阳性似然比和阴性似然比均明显好于血肌酐,并且可以在一定程度上鉴别肾前性氮质血症和急性肾损伤。     

儿童原发性肾病综合征并发急性肾损伤患儿尿NGAL和KIM-1的改变及临床相关因素分析

目的：探讨儿童原发性肾病综合征（NS）并发急性肾损伤（AKI）的可能相关临床因素,明确中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）和肾损伤因子-1（KIM-1）在肾病综合征初发患儿和并发AKI患儿中的改变.方法：2012年1月~2012年12月在我院儿肾科住院的患儿,记录新发儿童原发性NS人数和并发AKI人数,患儿的水肿情况,水肿时间,24 h尿量,尿蛋白定量,血白蛋白,胆固醇,纤维蛋白原,肌酐水平,是否有胃肠道症状,发热情况,输注白蛋白情况.采用ELLSA方法检测尿NGAL、KIM-1;免疫组化法检测NGAL、KIM-1在患儿肾小管中的表达.结果：2012年1月-2012年12月共收治原发性肾病综合征初发儿童87例,其中12例并发急性肾损伤.NS并发AKI患儿组在水肿时间,24 h尿量与新发NS组患儿比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.NS并发AKI患儿发热患儿比例,胃肠道症状患儿比例,输注白蛋白患儿比例较单纯NS组患儿比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.NS并发AKI患儿住院时间与单纯NS患儿组比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.NS并发AKI患儿Scr,尿NGAL,KIM-1以及肾组织NGAL和KIM-1的表达明显高于单纯新发NS组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）.结论：水肿持续时间越长,24 h尿量越少,儿童原发性NS越易并发AKI;原发性NS患儿出现胃肠道或其他感染症状,易导致AKI的发生.尿NGAL和KIM-1对早期判断NS患儿并发急性肾损伤有重要的临床意义.     

尿NGAL、NAG及KIM-1联合检测在高龄老年急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(uNGAL)、尿N-乙酰β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(uNAG)及尿肾损伤分子-1(uKIM-1)的联合检测老年急性肾损伤中的诊断价值。方法选择2016年6月至2018年6月在泰山疗养院住院的老年患者184例,根据急性肾损伤网络(AKIN)标准为诊断标准,诊断AKI组116例(1期55例、2期39例、3期24例),非AKI组68例,检测并比较各组尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1水平,用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)分析3项生物学标志物对AIK的诊断价值。结果①AKI组尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1明显高于对照组(P<0.05),3期尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1明显高于2期和1期,2期明显高于1期(P<0.05);②尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1单独诊断AKI的AUC分别为0.734、0.804、0.705;③3项标志物联合诊断AKI的灵敏度、特异度分别为84.9%、90.7%,高于各单项诊断。结论尿NGAL、NAG、KIM-1是诊断AKI的较好指标,联合诊断对高龄老年急性肾损伤的早期诊断有着更重要的价值。     

尿沉渣联合尿KIM-1、NGAL在诊断原发性肾脏病合并急性肾小管间质病变中的意义

目的 观察原发性慢性肾脏病(CKD)合并急性肾小管间质病变(ATIL)时尿沉渣积分情况和尿肾损伤因子1(KIM-1)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)水平的变化,以期早期、准确发现ATIL.方法 经临床和病理确诊为CKD并发ATIL病例52例,对照组为无急性肾损伤(AKI)的原发性CKD患者33例,15例健康人为正常对照组.比较三组尿KIM-1、NGAL水平与尿沉渣积分的不同.结果 ①三组的尿KIM-1、NGAL水平和尿沉渣积分相比较,原发性CKD并发ATIL患者均高于其他两组(P＜0.05),无AKI的CKD患者高于健康对照组(P＜0.05);②尿KIM-1、NGAL水平与尿沉渣评分呈正相关(r=0.711,0.683,P＜0.05),三者又均与CKD患者的ATIL严重程度呈正相关(r=0.892,0.735,0.745,P＜0.05);③N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和α1-微球蛋白(α1-MG)尚在正常范围的患者尿KIM-1、NGAL水平已有升高,肾脏组织病理证实存在不同程度的ATIL;④尿KIM-1、NGAL、光抑素C(CysC)、NAG诊断ATIL的ROC曲线下面积大于尿RBP、α1-MG.尿沉渣诊断ATIL的受试者工作(ROC)曲线下面积为84％.尿KIM-1、NGAL联合尿沉渣积分诊断ATIL的准确性达100％.结论 尿沉渣联合尿KIM-1、NGAL可作为诊断原发性CKD并发ATIL的早期、无创、敏感的指标.     

尿NGAL和L-FABP在儿童泌尿系统疾病致急性肾损伤诊断中的意义

目的:探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)和尿肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)对儿童泌尿系统疾病致急性肾损伤诊断中的意义。方法:选取本院小儿肾内科收治的泌尿系统疾病患儿108例,按照KDIGO的标准诊断AKI将患者儿分为AKI组(50例)与非AKI组(58例),参照AKI分期标准,将AKI组分为1期组、2期组和3期组。同期进行健康体检儿童46例作为对照组。用酶联免疫吸附法测定尿L-FABP、NGAL水平,并与Scr、APACHEⅡ积分进行相关分析。利用受试者工作特征ROC曲线分析二者对AKI的诊断效能。结果:AKI组患儿BUN、Scr、NGAL、L-FABP水平均高于非AKI组和对照组,且随着疾病分期增加而升高,比较差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);AKI组尿NGAL、L-FABP与Scr、APACHEⅡ积分呈正相关(P0.05);NGAL、L-FABP诊断AKI的AUC分别为0.846、0.893,二者联合诊断的AUC为0.951。结论:尿NGAL和L-FABP均可作为儿童泌尿系统疾病致AKI有价值的早期诊断生物标志物,观察患儿两项指标的整体的动态变化可反映AKI的病情及预后。     

KIM-1、CC16在急性肾/肺损伤临床诊断中的意义

目的观察肾损伤分子-1（kidney injury molecule 1, KIM-1）与Clara细胞分泌蛋白（Clara cell secretion protein, CCSP/CC16）在急性肾损伤（Acute Kidney Injury, AKI）合并急性肺损伤（Acute Lung Injury, ALI）患者体内的变化,探讨其在急性肾/肺损伤临床诊断中的意义。方法入选本院确诊为AKI的患者纳入AKI组（25例）,确诊为ALI的患者纳入ALI组（15例）,确诊为AKI合并ALI的患者纳入AKI+ALI组（25例）,与之年龄、性别、民族相匹配的非吸烟健康志愿者作为正常对照组（23例）,采用酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)检测尿液KIM-1、尿液CC16和血浆KIM-1、血浆CC16的水平,用比色法检测尿N-乙酰-β-D-氨基葡萄糖苷酶(N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, NAG),整理四组所有研究资料利用统计学方法进行综合分析。 结果与正常非吸烟对照组相比,AKI组的尿NAG酶、尿KIM-1、血浆KIM-1和血浆CC16水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;ALI组的尿CC16和血浆CC16水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;AKI+ALI组的尿NAG酶、尿KIM-1、血浆KIM-1、尿CC16和血浆CC16水平均显著升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。 直线相关分析显示：AKI患者的尿KIM-1水平与尿NAG呈显著正相关关系（r=0.493, P＜0.01）,血浆KIM-1水平与尿NAG无直线相关关系（r=0.276, P＞0.05）。ALI患者的尿CC16、血浆CC16与氧合指数均呈显著负相关关系(r=0.460, P＜0.01; r=0.468, P＜0.01)。AKI合并ALI患者的尿KIM-1、血浆KIM-1与尿CC16、血浆CC16均呈显著正相关关系（P＜0.05）。3. ROC曲线分析提示：在AKI诊断中,尿KIM-1曲线下面积为0.781（95% CI：0.688～0.875,P＜0.01）;血浆KIM-1曲线下面积为0.988（95% CI：0.000～1.000,P＜0.01）;尿NAG酶曲线下面积为0.798（95% CI：0.708～0.888,P＜0.01）。在ALI诊断中,尿CC16曲线下面积为1.000(95% CI：1.000～1.000,P＜0.01);血浆CC16曲线面积为0.849（95% CI：0.764～0.935,P＜0.01）。 结论 AKI时尿NAG、尿KIM-1、血浆KIM-1均明显升高,进一步证实这些指标可作为诊断AKI早期生物学标志物。2. ALI时尿CC16、血浆CC16水平显著升高,同时具有高敏感性,是诊断ALI的良好实验室指标。急性肾/肺损伤患者体内尿、血浆KIM-1与CC16水平明显升高,二者具有良好的相关性,对诊断急性肾/肺损伤并判断预后具有重要的价值与临床意义。     

肝移植后早期并发急性肾损伤时尿液中肾损伤分子-1的变化及意义

目的 探讨肝移植后早期并发急性肾损伤(AKI)时尿液中肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)的变化及意义.方法 回顾性分析原位肝移植50例的资料,按照急性肾损伤协作组(AKIN)标准依据受者术后是否发生AKI将受者分为AKI组(27例)和非AKI组(23例),测定两组各设定时间点血清肌酐(SCr)、尿肌酐(UCr)和尿KIM-1的水平,分析尿KIM-1与AKI之间的关系,运用受试者工作特征曲线(ROC)及曲线下面积(AUC)评价依据尿KIM-1诊断AKI的准确性.结果 两组术后24 h时SCr达峰值,AKI组的SCr明显高于非AKI组(P＜0.05),随后均逐渐降至术前水平.门静脉开放后即刻两组的尿KIM-1水平均明显升高,AKI组于门静脉开放2h时尿KIM-1水平达峰值,明显高于非AKI组(P＜0.01),这种差异一直持续至门静脉开放后12 h.若以门静脉开放后2h的尿KIM-1水平14.19 ng/g UCr作为诊断AKI的临界点,其灵敏度为82.6％,特异性为88.9％.结论 尿KIM-1可作为诊断肝移植后AK1的有效指标;对于术前肾功能正常者,术中尿KIM-1的变化可能对早期预测AKI有帮助.     

尿肾损伤分子-1检测对伽玛刀治疗过程中肿瘤患者发生急性肾损伤的早期诊断

目的 近年来接受立体定向伽玛射线治疗系统（伽玛刀）治疗的肿瘤患者日益增多,我们观察到部分患者在治疗过程中并发急性肾损伤（AKI）,而肿瘤患者并发AKI后病死率明显增加,因此如何早期诊断和早期干预是防治和逆转疾病进展的关键。本研究旨在观察伽玛刀治疗过程中发生AK1的肿瘤患者尿肾损伤分子-1（KIM-1）表达水平的变化及其对AKI的早期诊断价值。方法：收集我院2007年5月-2007年11月期间于伽玛刀中心入院接受体部伽玛刀治疗的100例患者的详细资料,以伽玛刀治疗过程中血清肌酐上升超过0．3mg／dl或较基础值上升〉50％为AKI的诊断标准。ELISA方法检测伽玛刀治疗过程中（造影12h、24h、48h、伽玛刀治疗7次、伽玛刀治疗结束）肿瘤患者尿KIM-1表达水平的变化。结果：所有肿瘤患者中,25例为AKI组,75例为非AKI组。在造影12h、24h、48h和伽玛刀治疗7次各时间点,AKI组尿KIM-1水平均显著高于无AKI组（P值均〈0．05）。在造影48h和治疗结束时。AKI组血肌酐水平显著高于无AKI组（P〈0．05）,而其他时间点差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经尿肌酐校正后,在造影12h、24h、48h,AKI组患者尿KIM-1／尿肌酐表达水平显著高于非AKI组（P值均〈0．05）,而其他时间点差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。以造影12h尿KIM-1／尿肌酐表达水平诊断AKI的灵敏度和特异度绘制ROC曲线,其AUC为0．709（95％（21为0．585-0．832,P〈0．05）,与完全随机情况下获得的AUC=0．5的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：肿瘤患者在伽玛刀治疗过程中,造影后12h监测尿KIM-1表达水平可以较血肌酐更早期预测急性肾损伤的发生,及时检测有利于早期干预和治疗。     

尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白在成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤早期诊断中的价值

目的 探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin,NGAL）在心脏手术后急性肾损伤（AKI）早期预测和诊断中的价值。 方法 前瞻性收集我院心脏手术患者手术前后不同时相的血、尿标本,选取其中14例AKI患者,分别测定尿NGAL和Scr水平;并选择临床资料相匹配的非AKI患者15例作为对照。观察两组患者围手术期尿NGAL和Scr的动态变化,运用接受者操作特性曲线（ROC）评价尿NGAL诊断AKI的精确性。AKI定义为Scr水平较基础值增加≥50%。 结果 Scr诊断AKI的中位时间为入ICU后24 h（10 h,48 h）。AKI患者术后入ICU即刻的尿NGAL水平显著高于术前基础水平并达峰值[20.51（13.42,50.02） μg/L比3.42（1.60,9.92） μg/L,P = 0.006];也显著高于非AKI患者 [2.91（0.72,8.61） μg/L,P = 0.002]。入ICU即刻尿NGAL 的ROC曲线下面积为0.824,95%的可信区间（CI）为0.667~0.980,P = 0.003。当以10.95 μg/L作为诊断截点时,此刻的尿NGAL在AKI诊断中的敏感性和特异性分别为85.7%和80.0%。入ICU即刻的尿NGAL与入ICU 24 h的Scr（r = 0.545,P = 0.002）及eGFR（r = －0.546,P = 0.002)呈正及负相关。 结论 心脏手术后AKI患者术后入ICU即刻的尿NGAL水平显著升高,对诊断AKI具有较高的准确性,其诊断AKI的时间早于Scr。尿NGAL可作为成人心脏术后AKI的早期诊断标志物。     

尿NGAL、KIM-1联合APACHEⅡ评分预测脓毒症并发急性肾损伤患者预后的价值

目的探讨尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾损伤分子-1(KIM-1)联合急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)评分预测脓毒症急性肾损伤(AKI)患者预后的价值。方法选取海南西部中心医院收治的脓毒症并发AKI患者108例,根据其是否死亡分为存活组(n=72)和死亡组(n=36)。采用酶联免疫吸附法测定各组尿NGAL、KIM-1水平,并记录其APACHEⅡ评分。应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价尿NGAL、KIM-1及APACHEⅡ评分对脓毒症并发AKI患者预后的价值。结果死亡组尿NGAL(970.2±705.2 ng/mLvs 612.5±415.4 ng/mL)、KIM-1[(62.6±12.4) ng/L vs(28.8±7.2) ng/L]及APACHEⅡ评分[(26.8±8.3)分vs(17.90±6.20)分]均明显高于存活组(P0.05)。ROC曲线分析显示,尿NGAL、KIM-1及APACHEⅡ评分预测AKI患者死亡的最佳截取值分别为805.26 ng/mL、50.35 ng/L、23.90分,三者联合预测脓毒症并发AKI患者死亡的曲线下面积(0.937,95%CI 0.885～0.987)、敏感度(96.3%)和特异度(88.0%)较高。结论尿NGAL、KIM-1及APACHEⅡ评分三者联合检测在评估脓毒症并发AKI患者死亡时具有良好的预测价值,可提高脓毒症并发AKI患者预后评估的准确性。     

Urinary biomarkers to detect acute kidney injury in the pediatric emergency center

We conducted a prospective study in pediatric patients presenting to an emergency center (EC) to (1) test the ability of urinary acute kidney injury (AKI) biomarkers to predict AKI presence and severity and (2) determine if these biomarkers offer similar precision in patients with versus without a known baseline SCr. The accuracy of five putative urinary biomarkers to detect AKI presence and severity was evaluated in 252 children presenting to our EC. AKI was defined by the modified pediatric RIFLE (pRIFLE) system. Eighteen children had AKI by pRIFLE, yet 33–50% of these AKI cases may have been missed since the EC SCr was <1 mg/dl. Urinary NGAL, Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1) and beta-2 microglobulin (β2M) all demonstrated good to very good accuracy (AUC > 0.70 to 0.80) to predict patients with pRIFLE-Injury (>50% decrease in eCCl) versus patients with pRIFLE-Risk (25–50% decrease in eCCl) or without AKI. Our data suggest urinary biomarkers may serve well to detect AKI accurately in the pediatric EC setting, even in cases where SCr levels are normal. Further study is required to determine if these biomarkers obtained in the EC can predict AKI development or progression in hospitalized patients.     

白细胞介素18、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白和血清胱抑素C在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤中的变化

目的探讨尿白细胞介素18（interleukin-18,IL-18）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（neutrophilgelatinase-associatedlipocalin,NGAL）和血清胱抑素C（cystatinC,Cysc）在呼吸衰竭合并急性肾损伤（acutekidneyinjury,AKI）中的变化。方法收集我院呼吸衰竭患者125例,其中呼吸衰竭并发AKI患者35例（AKI组）,呼吸衰竭未并发AKI患者90例（非AKI组）。检测全血细胞、血清CysC、血肌酐（SCr）、尿素氮（BUN）、血白蛋白水平、血气分析,检测尿NGAL和IL-18水平。结果2组患者间年龄、男女比例、动脉血氧分压、动脉血二氧化碳分压、血红蛋白、白蛋白的差异无统计学意义,而基础有高血压史比例的差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。AKI组估算肾小球滤过率（estimatedglomerularfiltrationrate,eGFR）低于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;AKI组SCr、BUN、血清CysC、尿NGAL和II,18高于非AKI组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;Pearson相关分析显示AKI组尿IL-18、NGAL及血清CysC均与SCr具有相关性,与eGFR也具有相关性。多因素Logistic回归分析显示尿IL-18、NGAL、血清CysC升高是呼吸衰竭发生AKI的独立危险因素。结论尿IL-18、NGAL和血清CysC对诊断呼吸衰竭合并AKI有较高的准确性。     

Improved performance of urinary biomarkers of acute kidney injury in the critically ill by stratification for injury duration and baseline renal function

To better understand the diagnostic and predictive performance of urinary biomarkers of kidney injury, we evaluated γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (AP), neutrophil-gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), cystatin C (CysC), kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in a prospective observational study of 529 patients in 2 general intensive care units (ICUs). Comparisons were made using the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for diagnosis or prediction of acute kidney injury (AKI), dialysis, or death, and reassessed after patient stratification by baseline renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR) and time after renal insult. On ICU entry, no biomarker had an AUC above 0.7 in the diagnosis or prediction of AKI. Several biomarkers (NGAL, CysC, and IL-18) predicted dialysis (AUC over 0.7), and all except KIM-1 predicted death at 7 days (AUC between 0.61 and 0.69). Performance was improved by stratification for eGFR or time or both. With eGFR <60?ml/min, CysC and KIM-1 had AUCs of 0.69 and 0.73, respectively, within 6?h of injury, and between 12 and 36?h, CysC (0.88), NGAL (0.85), and IL-18 (0.94) had utility. With eGFR >60?ml/min, GGT (0.73), CysC (0.68), and NGAL (0.68) had the highest AUCs within 6?h of injury, and between 6 and 12?h, all AUCs except AP were between 0.68 and 0.78. Beyond 12?h, NGAL (0.71) and KIM-1 (0.66) performed best. Thus, the duration of injury and baseline renal function should be considered in evaluating biomarker performance to diagnose AKI.     

尿肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白及其与尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白联合应用在成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤诊断中的作用

目的 探讨尿肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白( L-FABP)及其与尿中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)联合应用在预测成人心脏手术后急性肾损伤(AKI)的发生及严重程度中的价值,以期能为临床AKI的早期诊断提供方便可靠的方法.方法 前瞻性收集心脏手术患者术前、术后即刻及术后2h的血和尿标本,分别检测Scr、尿L-FABP和NGAL水平,比较AKI和非AKI患者术后各标志物的动态变化情况.运用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线及曲线下面积(AUC)评估标志物单独及联合应用时诊断AKI的准确性.结果 总共109例患者中26例(23.9％)发生了AKI,其中AKIN Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期分别占46.2％ 、34.6％和19.2％.尿L-FABP 和NGAL水平在AKI组术后即刻及术后2h均显著高于非AKI组,其浓度变化明显早于Scr.两时间点各标志物单独预测AKI的发生及Ⅱ和Ⅲ期AKI的AUC均在0.81～0.87.用Logistic 回归方程联合术后同一时间点的尿NGAL和尿L-FABP,则术后即刻和术后2h预测术后AKI 及严重程度的精确性进一步提高( AUC=0.911～0.927).结论 尿L-FABP和尿NGAL在心脏术后AKI早期即显著升高,比Scr能更早地预测AKI的发生和严重程度,两者联合应用则可使诊断的精确性进一步提高.     

Value of joint detection of multiple biomarkers on early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in critical patients

Objective To assess the value of joint detection of serum cysteine proteinase inhibitors C (sCys-C), urinary kidney injury molecule 1 (uKIM-1), urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(uNGAL) and urinary interleukin 18 (uIL-18) for early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in critically ill patients. Methods A total of 256 adult patients who stayed Intensive Care Unit for 24 hours in the Third People's Hospital of Liaocheng between Aug 2011 and Dec 2012 were enrolled. According to Kidney Injury Net(AKIN) work, the patients were divided into non-AKI group and AKI group (including state 1, 2 and 3). The concentrations of urine NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18 and serum sCys-C were measured. The diagnosis value of four biomarkers joint detection and single detection for AKI were analyzed with the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under curve (AUC). Results (1) The levels of uNGAL, uKIM-1, uIL-18 and sCys-C were higher in patients with AKI than the patients with no AKI (P﹤0.01). (2) The area under curves of uNGAL, uKIM-1, uIL-18, sCys-C and joint detection were 0.742, 0.871, 0.803, 0.703, 0.925 respectively. (3) The sensitivity and specificity of parallel tests and serial tests of four biomarkers were 97.9%, 62.8%, 64.3% and 96.2% respectively. There were significant differences of sensitivity or specificity between single test and joint tests. Conclusions The urine NGAL, KIM-1, IL-18 and serum Cys-C are sensitive indexes for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury. Joint detection has high value for early diagnosis of AKI.     

Some biomarkers of acute kidney injury are increased in pre-renal acute injury

Pre-renal acute kidney injury (AKI) is assumed to represent a physiological response to underperfusion. Its diagnosis is retrospective after a transient rise in plasma creatinine, usually associated with evidence of altered tubular transport, particularly that of sodium. In order to test whether pre-renal AKI is reversible because injury is less severe than that of sustained AKI, we measured urinary biomarkers of injury (cystatin C, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, IL-18, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1)) at 0, 12, and 24?h following ICU admission. A total of 529 patients were stratified into groups having no AKI, AKI with recovery by 24?h, recovery by 48?h, or the composite of AKI greater than 48?h or dialysis. Pre-renal AKI was identified in 61 patients as acute injury with recovery within 48?h and a fractional sodium excretion <1%. Biomarker concentrations significantly and progressively increased with the duration of AKI. After restricting the AKI recovery within the 48?h cohort to pre-renal AKI, this increase remained significant. The median concentration of KIM-1, cystatin C, and IL-18 were significantly greater in pre-renal AKI compared with no-AKI, while NGAL and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase concentrations were not significant. The median concentration of at least one biomarker was increased in all but three patients with pre-renal AKI. Thus, the reason why some but not all biomarkers were increased requires further study. The results suggest that pre-renal AKI represents a milder form of injury.     

Value of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy related urosepsis

PurposeTo investigate the clinical value of urine interleukin-18 (IL-8), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) for the early diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) related urosepsis.MethodsA retrospective study was carried out in 157 patients with urosepsis after URL. The patients were divided into AKI group and non-AKI group according to the Kidigo guideline and urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at 0, 4, 12, 24 and 48 h after the surgery. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of these three biomarkers for postoperative AKI.ResultsThe level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in AKI group was significantly higher than that in non-AKI group at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h (p < 0.01). The ROC analysis showed the combined detection of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 at 12 h had a larger area under curve (AUC) than a single marker (0.997, 95% CI: 0.991–0.998), and the sensitivity and specificity were 98.2% and 96.7%, respectively. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the levels of urine NGAL at 4, 12, 24 and 48 h in AKI patients were positively correlated with the levels of urine KIM-1 and IL-18 (p < 0.01).ConclusionAKI could be quickly recognized by the elevated level of urine IL-8, NGAL and KIM-1 in patients with URL-related urosepsis. Combined detection of the three urine biomarkers at 12 h after surgery had a better diagnostic performance, which may be an important reference for the early diagnosis of AKI.     

NGAL,biomarqueur de lésion rénale : point d’étape en 2012

Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) is one of the most promising biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI). Although urinary NGAL is intuitively more appropriate to apprehend renal injury, clinical data have accumulated on the potential interest of NGAL measured indifferently in serum or urine. Diagnostic performance of NGAL greatly varies across studies according to different factors such as the type of patients (pediatric versus adult) and the clinical situations (surgery versus intensive care). Overall, NGAL is presented as a useful tool to diagnose and predict AKI outcome but several issues (the absence of a unique pertinent threshold value, the incomplete analytical validation of its measurement and, its apparent limited clinical added value as compared to traditional AKI markers) remain to be addressed in order to definitely recommend its use in clinical practice.