CRY1基因单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌风险的关联研究

背景与目的:隐花色素-1(cryptochrome-1,CRY1)基因属于生物钟基因家族,它最早在植物体内发现,是生物钟基因负反馈环的主要部分.近年来生物钟基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系引起国内外研究者的广泛关注,本研究探讨生物钟基因CRY1的单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系.方法:采用TaqMan 单核苷酸多态性分型技术检测1 523例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和1 599名正常女性对照者CRY1基因rs1056560位点的基因型,采用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理.结果:CRY1基因rs1056560位点三种基因型(TT/GT/GG)在乳腺癌患者和对照间的分布差异具有显著性(x2=6.394,P=0.041),与TT基因型相比,GT基因型可以显著降低乳腺癌的发病风险(OR=0.743,95%CI:0.580～0.951),携带至少一个G等位基因(GT/GG)的个体乳腺癌风险降低23.2%(OR=0.768,95%CI:0.606～0.971).分层分析后发现,rs1056560 T＞G保护作用在绝经后妇女、初潮≥13岁、初孕≥25岁、无肿瘤家族史者、无乳腺良性病史及流产0～1次妇女中尤为显著.结论:CRY1基因rs1056560 T＞G单核苷酸多态性与中国人群乳腺癌的发病风险相关,这一结论有待于不同种族人群的关联研究以及功能学研究的进一步证实.     

PRRC2A基因单核苷酸多态性与江苏省汉族女性散发性乳腺癌易感性的相关性研究

  目的  探讨主要组织相容性复合体内PRRC2A基因位点chr6_31697494与江苏省汉族女性散发性乳腺癌易感性的相关性。  方法  采用基质辅助激光解吸附电离飞行时间质谱（MALDI-TOF MS）基因分型技术,对214例乳腺癌患者（病例组）和212例健康对照者（对照组）的PRRC2A基因位点chr6_31697494进行基因分型,用χ2检验统计分析两组基因型和等位基因的频率,采用非条件Logistic回归分析,校正性别、年龄影响,计算比数比（OR）和95%可信区间（CI）,评价多态性位点与乳腺癌遗传易感性的相关性。进一步将病例组按雌激素受体（ER）和孕激素受体（PR）免疫组织化学检测结果的不同进行分层分析。  结果  位点chr6_ 31697494基因型分布频率在病例-对照分组分析中差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;但在ER阳性/阴性分组和PR阳性/阴性分组中差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）,杂合基因型（chr6_31697494,CT）和ER阳性及PR阳性乳腺癌均相关（OR=0.40,95%CI:0.33~0.47;OR=0.49,95%CI:0.43~0.57）。  结论  PRRC2A基因位点chr6_31697494多态性与乳腺癌患病风险无明显相关性,但CT基因型与ER和PR阳性乳腺癌明显相关。      

基因单核苷酸多态性与宫颈癌易感性研究进展

高危型人乳头瘤病毒的持续感染是宫颈癌发生过程中的必要环境因素,并已得到公认.而HPV感染的最终结局受宿主遗传易感性影响.肿瘤遗传易感性由个体基因组上单个核苷酸变异形成的单核苷酸多态性(SNP)而决定.SNP是人类可遗传的变异中最常见的一种基因,在人类基因组中广泛存在,分布广,适于快速、规模化筛查.本文就基因单核苷酸多态性与宫颈癌易感性的研究进展做一综述.     

生物钟PER3基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的相关性研究

[目的]探讨参与生物节律调控的生物钟PER3基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系.[方法] 2005年9月至2008年2月,836例乳腺癌患者和946名健康对照者,采用PCR技术对PER3基因多态性进行检测,分析两组PER3基因型的分布及PER3基因多态性与乳腺癌发病风险的关系.[结果]对照组PER3-/-、+/+和+/-基因型分布频率分别为72.73％、1.59％和25.69％,病例组分别为72.61％、1.79％和25.60％,两组分布差异无统计学意义(P=0.9432).经相关因素调整后,PER3基因型与乳腺癌发病风险相关性分析显示,携带PER3+/+基因型发生乳腺癌的危险是携带PER3-/-基因型的3.503倍(95％CI:1.069～11.480),是携带PER3+/-或PER3-/-基因型对象的3.337倍(95％CI:1.025～10.864).[结论]PER3+/+基因型能够增加乳腺癌的发病风险,是乳腺癌发生的独立危险因素.     

单核苷酸多态性与肿瘤遗传易感性的研究进展

目的:总结国内外关于单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与肿瘤的相关研究进展。方法:应用Medline和CNKI期刊全文数据库检索系统,以"SNP"和"肿瘤"为关键词,检索1999-01-2010-11相关肿瘤易感性分析的文献。纳入标准:1)SNP的定义和应用;2)肿瘤易感基因的分类;3)SNP的作用机制;4)SNP与环境因子在肿瘤发展过程中的协同作用。根据纳入标准纳入分析43篇文献。结果:肿瘤易感相关基因包括癌基因和抑癌基因、DNA修复基因、代谢酶基因以及免疫相关基因等几大类。这些基因上含有多个SNP位点,其中有部分SNP可导致不同个体间肿瘤易感性的差异。结论:研究SNP在恶性肿瘤发生、发展过程中的致肿瘤性作用,有助于进一步理解肿瘤的发生机制,有望在肿瘤靶向治疗上取得新的突破。     

FGFR3基因单核苷酸多态与绝经前乳腺癌易感性的关联研究

目的 探讨FGFR3基因单核苷酸多态(SNPs)与女性绝经前乳腺癌的风险关系。方法 采用多重单碱基延伸SNP分型技术(Snapshot)检测FGFR3基因的rs2234909和rs3135848的SNP基因型在绝经前乳腺癌患者和绝经前正常女性人群中的频率,并分析不同SNP基因型与绝经前乳腺癌发病的风险关系。结果 FGFR3基因rs2234909和rs3135848的SNP基因型的频率在乳腺癌与对照组间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果显示,对于rs2234909位点,相比较于TT基因型,TC和TC+CC基因型和乳腺癌的发病风险无显著相关性(OR=1.035,95% CI:0.680~1.575,P=0.874;OR=0.985,95% CI:0.638~1.521,P=0.945);对于rs3135848位点,相比较于TT基因型,TC、CC和TC+CC基因型与乳腺癌的发病风险无关(OR=1.177,95% CI:0.846~1.636,P=0.333;OR=0.948,95% CI:0.287~3.137,P=0.931;OR=1.162,95% CI:0.548~1.112,P=0.360)。rs2234909位点突变的乳腺癌患者与未突变者相比,组织学分级(显性模型:P=0.032;共显性模型:P=0.024)以及Ki67指数(显性模型:P=0.056;共显性模型:P=0.044)显著增高;rs3135848位点突变及两位点均突变与乳腺癌患者临床病理特征无显著相关性(P＞0.05)。结论 FGFR3基因的rs2234909和rs3135848两位点基因多态性与乳腺癌易感性无明显相关性;而rs2234909位点突变在绝经前乳腺癌患者中与组织学分级和Ki67指数呈正相关,可能提示预后不良。     

凋亡基因Caspase3和Caspase7单核苷酸多态性与胃癌遗传易感性研究

目的 Caspase家族的SNP在乳腺癌、头颈部肿瘤、食管癌、肺癌等癌症中研究较多,而Caspase3,7的SNP与中国人群胃癌发病风险之间的研究较少。本实验旨在利用大样本研究Caspase3和Caspase7基因的SNP与胃癌遗传易感性的关系。方法 收集东北地区胃癌病例1 000例、对照组1 036例血液标本,进行基因组DNA提取。根据NCBI的dbSNP数据库和HapMap数据库,对Caspase 3,7选择潜在的SNP位点,所选位点均位于Caspase3,Caspase7的3′UTR。对Caspase 3,7的SNP位点运用Taqman探针法进行基因型分型。病例对照之间不同变量构成比差异采用双侧χ²检验,对每个位点进行Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡检验后,采用χ²检验比较病例组和对照组的单个位点基因型频率差异,再通过单因素和多因素Logistic回归模型分析基因型与疾病的关联,对每个位点分层分析比较不同性别、年龄、吸烟、饮酒状况亚层之间基因型与疾病的关联。结果 病例组与对照组的吸烟、饮酒状态以及年吸烟包数(Pack-years)构成存在统计学差异(P＜0.05)。所选位点基因型频率符合Hardy-Weinberg遗传平衡定律(P＞0.05)。将带有风险等位基因的基因型组合后进行分析,显示出针对两个基因来说,带有两个风险基因型的个体比带有0~1个风险基因型的个体患病风险增加了69.6%,调整了协变量影响后带有3个风险基因型的个体比带有0~1个风险基因型的个体患病风险增加了27.6%,带有大于1个风险基因型的个体比带有0~1个风险基因型的个体患病风险增加了35%。两个基因组合之后的分层分析中,年龄≤60岁、男性、从不吸烟、年吸烟包数≤25、胃非贲门腺癌的亚层中风险基因型与疾病有统计学关联,即具有更显著的危险性。结论 本研究所选取的四个位点的SNP均与胃癌风险无关。但通过多因素分析Caspase3、Caspase7的四个位点,带有2个风险基因型比带有0~1个风险基因型的个体患病风险增加。此外,通过分层分析Caspase7的两个位点,其在年龄≤60岁,从不吸烟,年吸烟包数≤25包和非胃贲门腺癌人群中患病风险更为明显。     

ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系

目的:探讨ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌易感性的关系。方法:采用TaqMan单核苷酸多态(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)分型技术检测1509例乳腺癌患者和1517例健康对照者外周血中ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs1595066及rs16845990位点的基因型。结果:ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs16845990位点3种基因型在乳腺癌患者和健康对照者间的分布差异无统计学意义(P=0.302);rs1595066位点3种基因型在2组间的分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.045),与GG型相比,杂合型AG及纯合型AA均可显著降低乳腺癌的发病风险,调整后比值比(oddsratios,OR)及其95%可信区间(confidenceintervals,CI)分别为0.81(0.69～0.95)和0.75(0.58～0.96)。分层分析显示,此保护作用在年龄≥55岁、无肿瘤家族史和无乳腺良性疾病史者中更显著。结论:ErbB4基因micro-RNA靶序列rs1595066G>A位点A等位基因可能降低乳腺癌的发病风险。     

ATM基因单核苷酸多态性与鼻咽癌易感性及复发的相关性

目的:探讨ATM基因单核苷酸多态性与鼻咽癌易感性与复发的关系.方法:采用病例对照研究,采集来自北方地区不同医院的鼻咽癌病人193例、正常人群231例静脉血,酚-氯仿法提取基因,Taqman real-time PCR方法及SDS软件对ATM基因型进行分型.SPSS 13.0软件包进行数据分析,以χ2检验比较SNPs基因型在病例与对照之间分布的差异,以单因素和多因素logistic回归计算比值比(odds ratio,OR)及95%可信区间(confidence interval,CI).结果:单因素分析显示,ATM126713位点的各基因型与鼻咽癌易感性不相关,P值0.075,OR值1.422,95%CI为0.963~2.199.但ATM126713位点的杂合基因型(G/A)经校正年龄、性别、吸烟状态后显示与鼻咽癌易感性相关,P值0.024,OR=1.636,95%CI为1.067~2.509.ATM126713位点各基因型与鼻咽癌复发不相关.结论:ATM126713位点G/A杂合型基因是鼻咽癌风险基因型,ATM126713位点各基因型与鼻咽癌复发无相关性.     

PTEN基因单核苷酸多态性与乳腺癌的关系

目的:研究PTEN基因-9C/G单核苷酸多态性与中国汉族女性人群乳腺癌之间的相关性。方法:采用基于人群的病例-对照研究,以聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)方法进行基因分型,检测210例中国汉族女性乳腺癌患者和210例健康女性的PTEN基因-9C/G多态性。结果:PTEN基因-9C/G位点(rs11202592)多态性基因型分布频率在两组间比较无显著性差异(P=0.862)。PTEN基因-9C/G单核甘酸多态性不同基因型间在ER、Her-2表达上无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论:PTEN基因-9C/G位点多态性与中国汉族女性乳腺癌易感性无明显关联,ER、HER-2表达同此位点多态性也无明显关联。     

Genetic Polymorphisms as Predictors of Breast Cancer Risk

Genetic alterations are important drivers of breast cancer development. Rare, high penetrance mutations, including BRCA1 and BRCA2, account for a minority of breast cancer cases. Recent advances in genomic sequencing technologies have aided the search for additional genetic modifiers of breast cancer risk. An increasing number of risk-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are being identified. These SNPs are relatively common in the studied populations, and while they generally confer a small increase in risk individually, they may act in combination to alter risk more substantially. This review synthesizes the current understanding of these genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk, and discusses experiences and challenges with implementing them into existing risk models and into clinical practice. As additional SNPs are discovered and risk estimates are refined, the aim will be to use this information to guide personalized decisions around managing risk, and to deepen our understanding of breast carcinogenesis.     

重庆市妇女乳腺癌危险因素的病理对照研究

目的 研究女性乳腺癌的危险因素。方法 在重庆市进行了首次１：１流行病学病例对照研究。结果 多因素条件Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析显示了下列因素对乳腺癌的影响：女性初潮年龄（ＯＲ＝０．７９，９５％ＣＩ＝０．６７－０．９２），月经紊乱史（ＯＲ＝１．４７，９５％，ＣＩ＝１．０７－２．０２），高龄初产（ＯＲ＝１．５５，９５％ＣＩ＝１．２０－１．９８），乳腺良性疾病史（ＯＲ＝２．３３，９５％ＣＩ＝１．０２－５．     

Role of Dietary Intake and Biomarkers in Risk of Breast Cancer: A Case Control Study

Reproductive factors are not considered to play a significant role in the aetiology of breast cancer in low incidenceregions like Gujarat, although it is well established that they exert a major influence on such tumours in the westerndeveloped world. Women in the western Indian region have a very low prevalence of smoking, alcohol consumptionbut a high prevalence of vegetarianism. Noting the changes in the life style practices with increasing affluence islikely to yield several interesting findings in such a population. Physical activity and dietary factors have emerged asimportant parameters and their lack may contribute significantly to the risk of breast cancers. The breast cancerrisk significantly increased with higher consumption of total fat (>25% of total calories), frequent intake of friedfoods and sweets. A significant protection was offered by frequent consumption of green yellow leafy vegetables,foods rich in β-carotene and isoflavinoids. The present study demonstrated a good protective effect of dietary intakeof antioxidant vitamins. The breast cancer risk increases with elevation of circulating lipid components except HDLCholesterol.     

流产与乳腺癌发病风险关系的病例对照研究

[目的]研究流产与女性乳腺癌发病风险的关系。[方法]采用病例对照研究方法,在江苏省泰兴、无锡、淮安和金坛市用问卷表调查669例乳腺癌患者和682名健康对照的生殖、生理资料,分析流产与乳腺癌发病风险的关系。[结果]与无人工流产史者相比,有人工流产史者乳腺癌发病风险显著升高,其调整年龄、婚姻状况、教育水平、职业、身体质量指数、家庭人均月收入、初潮年龄、初胎生育年龄、足月产数和非足月产数后的OR值为1.52(95%CI:1.21～1.92),且OR值随人工流产胎数的增加而逐步升高(趋势检验P=0.0001)。与绝经前相比,人工流产对绝经后妇女乳腺癌发病危险更高。绝经后妇女有自然流产史者的乳腺癌发病风险也有升高的倾向。[结论]人工流产显著增加乳腺癌的发病风险,且绝经后妇女危险性高于绝经前妇女。     

Polymorphisms of the XRCC1 and XPD Genes and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study

The purpose of this case control study was to evaluate the role of X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) and xeroderma pigmentosum group D (XPD) genotypes as genetic indicators of susceptibility to breast cancer (BC). We analysed DNA samples from 114 breast cancer patients and 113 control subjects using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. For the single nucleotide polymorphisms in XRCC1 exon 10 (Arg399Gln, G/A) and XPD exon 23 (Lys751Gln, A/C), no remarkable differences for genotype distribution and allele frequencies were observed between BC group and control group in the study. The genotype frequency for homozygote A/A in XPD exon 6 (Arg156Arg, C/A) were significantly different between BC and control groups (P < 0.0001, odds ratio = 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.44-3.17). The data indicate a possible role for XPD (Arg156Arg, C/A) polymorphisms in BC susceptibility.     

p73基因多态性与乳腺癌遗传易感性的关系

  目的  探讨p73基因G4C14-A4T14多态性与中国重庆地区汉族女性乳腺癌遗传易感性的关系。  方法  采用病例对照研究, 利用Sequenom Mass Array?iPLEX GOLD系统对170例乳腺癌患者和178例健康者对照的p73基因G4C14-A4T14单核苷酸多态性进行了检测, 并对检测结果进行t检验、χ2检验和非条件Logistic回归分析。  结果  p73基因G4C14-A4T14多态基因型和等位基因型在乳腺癌组和对照组的分布频率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.750, P=0.253;χ2=2.195, P=0.138);与携带GC/AT和AT/AT基因型的个体比较, 携带GC/GC基因型的个体患三阴性乳腺癌发病风险显著增加(OR=2.992, 95%CI: 1.300~6.890, P=0.010)。  结论  p73基因G4C14-A4T14多态性与中国重庆地区汉族女性三阴性乳腺癌的发病风险相关, GC/GC基因型是中国重庆地区汉族女性三阴性乳腺癌的易感基因型; 携带GC/GC基因型的乳腺癌可能预后不良。      

GSTM1 and GSTT1 Genetic Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Risk in Selected Filipino Cases

Background: The association of genetic polymorphisms with cancer development has been shown to be race- andtumor site-specific. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether polymorphisms in the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genesare associated with breast cancer among selected Filipinos. Methods: A total of 136 histologically confirmed breastcancer cases were age- and sex-matched with 136 clinically healthy controls. Genomic DNA extracted from bloodsamples of participants were screened for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genetic polymorphisms by multiplex PCR. Results:The frequency of null genotypes among the cases (GSTM1: n=78; 57.4%; GSTT1: n=61; 44.9%) was not significantlydifferent (p>0.05) from the controls (GSTM1: n=93; 68.4%; GSTT1: n=59; 43.4%). It was also demonstrated that riskfor breast cancer was increased in passive smokers carrying the GSTM1 null (OR=2.56; 95% CI=1.38-4.75) or GSTT1positive (OR=2.00; 95% CI=1.05-3.83) genotypes. Moreover, risk was decreased in alcohol users carrying the GSTT1null (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.16-0.97) genotype. Conclusion: This study suggests that variants of GSTM1 and GSTT1may not be risk factors for breast cancer development among Filipinos. However, the risk may be increased when thesegenotypes were combined with lifestyle or environmental factors.     

Risk Factors of Breast Cancer among Women in Eastern India: A Tertiary Hospital Based Case Control Study

Aim: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers of women in India with high fatality rate. Over a 1year study period 105 consecutive biopsy or fine needle aspiration cytology confirmed breast cancer patientswere interviewed by direct questionnaire method regarding risk factors attending Surgery and RadiotherapyOPD of Medical College Kolkata, West Bengal while taking other 105 patients attending Surgery Departmentfor some other disease as controls. The data were compiled in MS Excel 2007 and analyzed by Epi info 3.5.1software. Among the cases, rural residence, illiteracy and low socio-economic status was significantly higherthan controls. Late onset of menarche, late onset of menopause, ever OCP usage, breast feeding for 1-2 yearsand age of 1st childbirth between 20-30 years were found to be significant protective factors. People should bemade aware regarding the modifiable risk factors to prevent breast cancer.     

Oral Contraceptives,Abortion and Breast Cancer Risk: a Case Control Study in Saudi Arabia

Background: Several studies have examined the relationship between oral contraceptive pill (OCP) use,abortions and breast cancer, with mixed results. Hormonal changes associated with OCP use and abortion mayincrease risk of breast cancer over time, but there is a lack of studies studying this association in Saudi Arabianwomen. Materials and Methods: We thererfore conducted a case control study in 192 women (92 as cases and 100as controls), aged 30 to 65, and collected information on variables including examples related to study objectivesand those which may confound findings. The Chi square test was used to detect associations between variousfactors and risk of breast cancer. Results: We found no evidence of interaction between history of abortion orfrequency of abortion and breast cancer risk (Chi square=0.422, p =0.420 and 1, p =0.169) respectively. Oralcontraceptives did not confer risk for breast cancer overall (OR=0.276, 95%CI 0.092-0.829, p=0.524), while longterm use of OCP was associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR=0.297, 95%CI 0.158-0.557, p=0.001),with higher association for those who used 10 years or more of OCPs (OR=0.282, 95%CI 0.095-0.835, p=0.02).Age at first use of OCPs had no effect on breast cancer risk (p=0.452) or age at diagnosis (p=0.074). Conclusions:Prolonged use of OC (more than 10 years) may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer in Saudi women.Larger population based studies are needed to confirm this finding in this population.