恩施已婚育龄妇女避孕方法知识、态度和行为调查

目的了解恩施已婚育龄妇女避孕方法知识、态度和行为现状,以及三者之间的关系,为促进育龄妇女有效避孕提供科学依据和数据支持。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法抽取调查对象,对所抽取的8508例已婚育龄妇女进行问卷调查,并采用SPSS19.0进行数据分析。结果恩施已婚育龄妇女对避孕措施的知晓率在58.5%-97.5%之间,当地计生站为获取避孕知识的首要途径（64.3%）,妻子、丈夫对避孕节育的态度为在意或有点在意的比例分别为83.8%、77.1%。89.9%的已婚育龄妇女有过避孕行为,其中上环为最常见的避孕行为（77.8%）。此外,夫妻对避孕的在意程度可影响其避孕行为（P〈0.001）。结论恩施已婚育龄妇女对避孕态度较好,但避孕知识的掌握和行为不容乐观。尚需开展完善的避孕教育指导,并调动丈夫积极参与避孕活动,鼓励育龄妇女采取高效合理的避孕措施。     

Survey of knowledge and attitude about AIDS among six areas

<正> Objective:To explore the circumstances,influencing factors,and the extent of discrimina-tion and prejudice towards AIDS.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study.One county from each of the six provinces was se-lected.800 respondents were then chosen from each province through cluster sampling.A closed-ended questionnaire was used to study the demographic characteristics,AIDS knowledge,and re-lated attitudes towards AIDS.Results:In this survey,3,095 respondents(64.5%)feared AIDS;66.5% of respondentsthought AIDS patients or HIV infectors should be treated separately;40.1% of respondentsthought that AIDS patients or HIV carriers should have been confined in freedom;and 1,497 re-spondents(31.2%)said that they were not willing to donate to AIDS patients.Discrimination andprejudice towards AIDS among the six regions were different partially(P<0.01).Conclusion:Discrimination and prejudice commonly occur.Gender,characteristics of theregistered residence,educational level,and knowledge about AIDS are the main factors related todiscrimination and prejudice.Many respondents had prejudice against AIDS,because they werelacking correct knowledge about the transmission ways of AIDS.Among the six regions,discrim-ination and prejudice were lowest in a region in Henan province and highest in Jiangsu province.     

南京市相关人员艾滋病知晓率调查报告

目的 :真实了解南京市区相关人群艾滋病知识知晓程度 ,为政府控制及预防艾滋病制定相应政策提供科学依据及建设性意见。　方法 :针对 4类不同人群设计艾滋病知识问卷 ,采取随机、相对集中、匿名独立答卷 ,量化以百分制计分 ,评定艾滋病知识掌握程度。　结果 :向 4类人群发放问卷 2 5 0 0余份 ,收回有效问卷 2 4 36份。医卫人群组 991份 ,平均得分 5 8分 ;大专院校学生 4 73份 ,平均得分 39.9分 ;普通市民组 5 2 4份 ,平均得分 4 2 .3分 ;高危人群 4 4 8份 ,平均得分 4 7分。　结论 :南京市各相关人群艾滋病知晓率均未达到国家要求 ,急需加强宣传与教育。特别是医卫人群须迅速提高专业知识水平 ,否则难以承担防治艾滋病主力军的重任。     

深圳流动人口性病/艾滋病知识知晓状况及影响因素分析

目的了解深圳流动人口对性病/艾滋病知识的知晓状况及其影响因素,为在流动人口中预防与控制性病/艾滋病传播提供参考。方法采用流行病学横断面调查,通过多阶段抽样的方法在深圳市盐田、罗湖、福田三区选定6个居民小组1,014名暂住的流动人口进行相关知识匿名问卷调查。结果深圳流动人口的性病/艾滋病综合知识平均得分为(56.64±21.00)分。48.42%的对象得分<60分,高分组的比例男性高于女性。关于性病/艾滋病症状的知晓水平最低,平均(44.02±30.09)分,关于传播途径(63.35±25.19)分,防治知识(58.20±24.60)分,回答整体情况稍好。方差分析(ANOVA)和一般线性模型(GLM)分析显示,知识综合得分年龄大的组显著高于年龄小的组(P<0.001),男性高于女性(P<0.001);文化程度高者,知识得分较高(P<0.001),月收入高的组高于月收入低的组(P<0.001),城镇户口者高于农村户口者(P<0.001)。结论大力开展适宜于流动人口的综合宣教,全面普及知识;尤应关注低收入、低学历的年轻农村女性流动人口。     

医科大学新生生殖健康问题的KAP研究———艾滋病知识、态度的调查及启示

为了解低年级医科大学生的艾滋病知识和态度，以及他们对在大学生中开展预防艾滋病教育的看法，１９９７年６月对２６６名上海某医科大学一年级学生（年龄１６～２３岁，男１３０名、女１３６名）进行了问卷调查。调查显示，由于近年来大众媒体对艾滋病的广泛报道，大学新生对艾滋病有一般性了解，但不能正确判断接种疫苗、被蚊虫叮咬、共用坐厕、共用饮食器皿等途径能否传播艾滋病的比例，约为６９％、４８％、３８％和３０％；知道正确使用避孕套能降低感染艾滋病危险性的占６７％。提示，在一年级大学生中应加强艾滋病预防教育，澄清误解，对保护他们自己免受艾滋病威胁，以及在全社会开展控制艾滋病疫情的活动具重要意义。     

KAP study on reproductive health among medical freshmen: a survey of AIDS related knowledge and attitudes and their implications

SincethefirstAIDScasewasreportedin1981,HIV/AIDShasspreadwithanalarmingspeedacrossalmostallcountriesandregionsovertheworld,immenselythreateningallindividuals,familiesaswellascommunities.Sofar,ChinaisatlowepidemicstatusintermsofHIVprevalencerate.However,alloftheriskingfactorsandchannelsoftransmissiondoexist.Forexample,alargefloatingpopulationnumberingin100millions,mainlyruralpeopleseekingjobsinurbancenters,lackingofsexrelatedknowledgeingeneralpopulation,mushroominginsexindustryacrossthenat…     

娱乐业雇员有关女用避孕套的了解及使用状况调查

目的 :掌握娱乐业雇员对女用避孕套 ( FC)的了解及使用情况。方法 :在中国南方某市对 1 65名娱乐业女雇员进行 2次流行病学干预性调查 (基线和随访调查 )。资料经核对、整理、录入后采用 SPSS1 0 .0软件进行分析。结果 :共调查 1 65名使用 FC者的情况 ,其中 1 55份合格。被调查者平均年龄 2 2岁 ,具初中文化程度者占 73 .5% ,未婚占56.8% ;农村和城镇居民分别占 71 .0 %和 2 4.5% ;服务员和农民均占 2 7.1 % ,待业人员占 2 5.0 %。知道性病 ( STDs)及艾滋病 ( AIDS)的分别有 3 2 .3 %和 1 6.8% ;3 1 .6%的被调查者听说过 FC,其中 3 3 .3 %知道 FC有避孕作用 ,57.1 %知道 FC有防病作用。认为 FC的优点多于缺点的人从干预前的 7.1 %上升到干预后的 56.1 % ,普遍认为 FC是一种好的预防 STDs工具 ;98.1 %的人愿意接受 FC、47.4%表示以后会经常使用 FC(干预前为1 4 .8% )。有 60 %的女性 2 0次都使用了 FC,在第一次使用 FC时 ,3 4.8%感到放置有困难 ,2 5.2 %的人用 2 0只 FC过程中遇到过失败 ,66.5%的人认为 FC对身体无刺激作用 ,婚姻状况与 STDs知识的多少有关 ,未婚者对 STDs知识了解较少 ;职业与生殖道感染、STDs、AIDS知识之间关系显著 ,曾干过服务员及待业人员生殖道感染率较高 ,对这方面的知识了解也较     

Factors influencing children's knowledge and attitudes toward medicines in Malaysia

Background

The use of medicine for the treatment of health problems is a common practice among children. Most children form attitudes, beliefs and expectations about medicines through their past experience with medicines, and through observing their parents or family members taking medicines.

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes toward medicines among primary schoolchildren and to evaluate the factors that may be associated with such knowledge and attitudes.

Method

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among schoolchildren from the fifth and sixth grades (aged 11–12 years) in four conveniently selected primary schools in Penang Island. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the children and their parents. All schoolchildren from grades 5 and 6 in the four schools were recruited into the survey. The total sample size was 1000 children and 1000 of those children's parents.

Results

The findings indicated that the average knowledge score was 7.36 ± 2.38 for 11-year olds and 8.09 ± 2.08 for 12-year olds, out of a maximum point score of 12. However, there was a significant difference between children related to their age and race (P < 0.05). Older children were more knowledgeable about medicines. Furthermore, the education level of the parents and their socioeconomic status influenced children's knowledge and attitude scores regarding medicines.

Conclusion

This study indicated that children have limited knowledge about medicines and some negative attitudes toward medicines. This suggests that a plan for school-based health education is needed especially on the topic of medicine education.     

Assessment of comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge level among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia

Introduction

In Ethiopia, more adolescents are in school today than ever before; however, there are no studies that have assessed their comprehensive knowledge of HIV/AIDS. Thus, this study tried to assess the level of this knowledge and the factors associated with it among in-school adolescents in eastern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional school-based study was conducted using a facilitator-guided self-administered questionnaire. The respondents were students attending regular school in 14 high schools located in 14 different districts in eastern Ethiopia. The proportion of in-school adolescents with comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge was computed and compared by sex. The factors that were associated with the comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge were assessed using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Only about one in four, 677 (24.5%), in-school adolescents have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. The knowledge was better among in-school adolescents from families with a relatively middle or high wealth index (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.39 [1.03–1.87] and 1.75 [1.24–2.48], respectively), who got HIV/AIDS information mainly from friends or mass media (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.63 [1.17–2.27] and 1.55 [1.14–2.11], respectively) and who received education on HIV/AIDS and sexual matters at school (adjusted OR [95% CI]=1.59 [1.22–2.08]). The females were less likely to have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge compared to males (adjusted OR and [95% CI]=0.60 [0.49–0.75]).

Conclusions

In general, only about a quarter of in-school adolescents had comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. Although the female adolescents are highly vulnerable to HIV infection and its effects, they were by far less likely to have comprehensive HIV/AIDS knowledge. HIV/AIDS information, education and communication activities need to be intensified in high schools.     

银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行现状的调查研究

目的调查银屑病患者外用药治疗认知、态度、行为的现状,为采取针对性的护理干预提供参考。方法采用自行设计的银屑病患者外用药治疗知信行问卷对281例银屑病患者进行调查。结果银屑病患者对外用药治疗认知水平得分率45.5%;态度信念得分率76.6%;相关行为得分率53.6%。银屑病患者对外用药治疗的认知水平与态度呈正相关(P0.05);外用药治疗的态度与行为呈正相关(P0.05);认知水平与相关行为无明显相关关系(P0.05)。结论银屑病患者对外用药治疗知识相对缺乏,用药安全意识较弱,依从性较差。应加强对银屑病患者外用药治疗知识的培训及用药指导,帮助其建立正确的外用药治疗的健康信念,才能有效地促进正确、合理用药等健康行为的形成。     

Cross-sectional study on AIDS knowledge and condom use in rural areas

<正> Objective:To understand AIDS knowledge and condom use in rural areas,and to analyze theinfluencing factors of condom use.Methods:This is a cross-sectional study using the cluster-sampling method.4,800 subjects,randomly selected from six counties in China,were questioned using an anonymous survey.Results:36% of the subjects knew that tooth extraction could transmit AIDS.38.4% of thesubjects knew that the use of public razors could transmit AIDS.27.1% of the subjects had useda condom in the last year.The influencing factors of condom use were:sex(OR=1.325),age(OR=1.419),AIDS counseling(OR=2.181),educational level(OR=0.622),location of regis-tered permanent residence(OR=0.732),AIDS knowledge score(OR=0.736),and resident ofhigh AIDS prevalent province(OR=0.354).Conclusion:AIDS knowledge in rural areas is still lacking.The rate of condom use was verylow.The main influencing factors of low condom use were being female,elderly,and no AIDScounseling.Higher educational level,registered permanent resident in town,high AIDS knowl-edge score,and resident of high AIDS prevalent provinces were the propitious factors for condomuse.     

Perceptions and knowledge about prostate cancer and attitudes towards prostate cancer screening among male teachers in the Sunyani Municipality,Ghana

Introduction

Poor perceptions and attitudes about prostate cancer screening are some reasons for late reporting for PC screening and treatment. Understanding perceptions of PC and how it translates to screening and treatment is important for physicians and public health practitioners as this information clarifies existing knowledge and provides valuable information for the design of public health programmes to reduce the disease burden of PC.

The attitude toward living kidney donation among personnel from units related to donation and transplantation in Spain,Mexico and Cuba

Background: Living kidney donation (LKD) is becoming increasingly necessary as a treatment option for reducing the deficit in transplant organs. Hospital personnel in services related to donation and transplantation play a key role in promoting this kind of donation. Objective: To analyze the attitude toward LKD among hospital workers in services related to donation and transplantation in Spain and Latin America. Methods: Eight hospitals in the “International Collaborative Donor Project” were selected (Spain–Mexico–Cuba). A random sample was taken which was stratified according to the type of service and job category, in transplant-related services. Results: Of the 878 respondents, 90% were in favor of related LKD, and 28% were in favor if the LKD was not related. Attitude was more favorable among Latin Americans workers compared to the Spanish (p?=?0.014). Other factors associated to attitude included: age (p?=?0.004); an attitude in favor of deceased donation and living liver donation (p?p?Conclusions: The attitude toward related LKD was very favorable among hospital personnel in units related to the donation and transplantation process in Spain and Latin America, which means that they could contribute to its promotion particularly at the current time when living kidney donation needs to be expanded.     

赴利比里亚维和军人接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测的意愿及影响因素的调查

目的:调查赴利比里亚维和的中国和埃塞俄比亚军人接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测(VCT)的意向和与之相关的影响因素,为进一步开展艾滋病健康教育及VCT提供依据。方法:采用匿名问卷表,调查518例23～51岁的男性中国赴利比里亚维和军人和648例25～49岁的男性埃塞俄比亚维和军人接受VCT的意向并分析相关的影响因素。结果:两国维和军人中从未听说过艾滋病的比例分别为8.1%和7.9%,两者比较P>0.05。在听说过艾滋病的调查对象中,分别有407例(85.5%)的中国维和军人和449例(75.2%)的埃塞俄比亚维和军人有接受VCT的意向,两者比较P<0.05。与两国维和军人接受VCT意向均有关联的因素为受教育的程度和艾滋病知识水平,与埃塞俄比亚维和军人接受VCT有关的因素还有自己感染艾滋病的可能性。结论:艾滋病知识知晓程度较低及受教育程度较低的维和军队接受VCT意向也较低。应有针对性地开展艾滋病知识的健康教育,提高维和军队接受VCT的自觉性及对艾滋病的警觉性,以有效地预防艾滋病。     

北京市东城区育龄妇女安全套使用情况及知识影响因素分析

目的 了解育龄妇女的安全套使用情况及知识影响因素,为制定相应的安全套使用的健康教育策略提供依据.方法 对北京市东城区2个街道的579名18～49岁育龄妇女进行问卷调查,分析安全套使用情况及知识影响因素.结果 该区育龄妇女最近三次性生活中使用安全套的比例为58.14%.而使用安全套的原因前三位分别为避孕、方便、无副作用.在安全套使用问题的回答中,正确率最高为95.68%,最低仅10.36%.安全套使用的知识得分在不同学历及目前是否以安全套作为主要避孕措施的人群中差异较大,学历越高,以安全套为主要避孕方法者,知识得分及格的比例越高,差异具有统计学显著性（P＜0.05）.结论 该区育龄群众安全套使用率较高,但对于安全套的防病作用及使用方法的认识仍存在较大的局限性.受教育程度对于安全套知识有较大影响.对该区育龄妇女,尤其是低学历人群的安全套相关健康知识教育仍需进一步加强.     

Survey of the knowledge, attitude and practice of Nigerian surgery trainees to HIV-infected persons and AIDS patients

Background  

The incidence of HIV infection and AIDS is rising in Nigeria. Surgeons are at risk of occupationally acquired infection as a result of intimate contact with the blood and body fluids of patients. This study set out to determine the knowledge, attitude and risk perception of Nigerian surgery residents to HIV infection and AIDS.     

育龄期人乳头瘤病毒感染患者体验的质性研究

目的 探讨育龄期人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染患者体验,为制订针对性心理干预措施提供参考.方法 采用质性研究方法对12例育龄期HPV持续感染患者进行半结构式一对一访谈和焦点小组访谈,运用Colaizzi七步分析法分析资料.结果 共提炼出4个主题,即知识来源匮乏、情绪反应、两性关系改变、生活工作失衡感.结论 育龄期HPV感染患者面临着沉重的心理压力,其对婚姻家庭社会关系造成了消极影响.医护人员应指导患者及家属消除对HPV感染的认知误区,改善患者负性情绪,帮助其回归家庭、工作和社会,促进家庭和谐,保护女性生殖健康.     

Survey on coal miners' knowledge, attitude and practice of occupational health

目的 了解煤矿工人职业健康的相关知识、态度和行为状况,为提出煤矿职业健康促进策略提供依据.方法 自行设计煤矿工人职业健康知识态度行为问卷,采用便利取样法调查山西、河北两煤矿各150名工人.结果 不同地区煤矿工人职业健康知识分、行为分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);煤矿工人职业健康知晓率排前3位的知识为知识维度中的基本概念维度(77.0％)、易患疾病(62.7％)和行为维度中的危险行为维度(54.7％).结论 煤矿工人职业健康知识和行为状况不容乐观,有待加强加强健康教育,以促进其健康行为的养成.