浏阳霉素亚慢性毒性与氧化损伤的实验研究

目的　探讨浏阳霉素 (Liuyangmycin)亚慢性毒性与氧化损伤的定量敏感指标和毒作用靶器官。　 方法　将健康SD大鼠随机分成 5个组 ,每组 2 0只 ,雌雄各半。根据急性毒性试验结果 ,分别设 40、2 0 0、10 0 0mg/kg .bw三个浏阳霉素染毒组 (即低、中、高剂量组 )、空白对照组与溶剂对照组。给大鼠每天灌胃染毒 1次 ,每周 6天 ,连续 3个月 ,每天观察动物进食、饮水、活动、毛发、大小便和常见临床症状 ,动物的体重和食物消耗量每周测定 1次 ,血象指标和尿液生化指标在试验前后各测定 1次 ,试验结束时测定血液生化指标、脏器系数和血液、肝脏、肾脏组织氧化损伤等指标 ,所有受试动物实施大体解剖检查 ,其中高剂量组和对照组的主要器官组织以及其他组具有肉眼可见异常的器官组织进行病理组织学检查。　结果　浏阳霉素染毒组动物器官组织病理学、体重增长率和食物消耗量未见明显异常 ;高剂量组部分动物在染毒后期出现萎靡、毛发缺乏光泽、行为活动明显减少等现象。与空白对照组和溶剂对照组比较 ,中、高剂量组谷丙转氨酶(ALT)活性与尿液丙二醛 (MDA)含量明显增加 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,高剂量组动物肝脏脏器系数明显增大 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,肾脏组织超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性水平明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　血清ALT活     

以葛根提取物和藤茶粉为主要材料的配方的醒酒功能研究

目的 探讨并比较以葛根提取物和藤茶粉为主要材料的两种天然产物配方对急性酒精中毒小鼠乙醇脱氢酶（ADH）和乙醛脱氢酶（ALDH）活性的影响。方法 将18～22 g SPF级雄性KM小鼠随机分为AL[A配方低剂量：470mg/（kg·bw）]、AH[A配方高剂量：1 400 mg/（kg·bw）]、BL[B配方低剂量：400 mg/（kg·bw）]、BH[B配方高剂量：1 200 mg/（kg·bw）]、空白对照组、模型对照组、阳性对照组[海王金樽：1 500 mg/（kg·bw）]共7组,A、B配方组和阳性对照组按照受试物对应剂量灌胃14 d,模型对照组和空白对照组灌胃双蒸水[灌胃剂量：20 ml/（kg·bw）],第15 d除空白组外其余组灌胃52°白酒[灌胃剂量：22 ml/（kg·bw）]后观察翻正反射消失时间;酒精灌胃后的1、2和3 h分别进行眼眶取血检测血乙醇、乙醛含量变化趋势;取肝脏测定ADH和ALDH活性以及HE染色观察肝脏病理变化。结果 AH、BL、BH组ADH活性高于模型组（P=0.002;P=0.003;P=0.003）;A、B高低剂量ALDH活性高于模型组（P<...     

残杀威饵剂的研制及现场应用研究

目的　研制以残杀威为有效成分的高效、低毒饵剂。方法　室内药效测定按农药登记卫生用杀虫剂室内药效试验方法GB13 917.7-92、GB/T173 2 2 .8-1998;现场试验 ,选择居民住户两处 ,分别为试验区和对照区 ,观察相关密度指数 (RPI) ;毒性试验采用农药登记毒理学实验方法GB15 670 -1995。结果　室内测试对德国小蠊LT50 为 1.2d ;4d死亡率为 10 0 %。现场试验在投放饵剂第 1、10、2 0天后日本大蠊相关密度指数分别为 2 5 .7、17.3和 9.8;杀灭率为66.0 %、82 .0 %和 92 .2 %。毒性试验 ,饵剂样品急性经口毒性LD50 >10 0 0mg/kg。结论　残杀威饵剂具有触杀和胃毒双重作用 ,效果可靠 ,药效持久 ,毒性低 ,使用方便。     

使用体内遗传毒性综合测试体系评价顺铂的遗传毒性

目的使用大鼠体内遗传毒性综合测试体系全面评价顺铂的遗传毒性,为顺铂临床应用提供重要依据。方法雄性SD大鼠(150～160 g)25只,每组5只。溶剂对照组为0.9%生理盐水,顺铂剂量组分别为0.125、0.25、0.5、1 mg/kg.bw,均按5 ml/kg.bw腹腔注射连续28 d染毒。于试验第0、14、28、42、56、84、112 d进行外周血Pig-a基因突变试验;于试验第0、4、28 d进行外周血微核试验;于试验第4、28 d给药后4 h进行外周血彗星试验。主要遗传毒性指标使用ANOVA进行假设检验,使用Dunnett-t进行剂量组和对照组之间的比较(检验水准α=0.05,双侧)。结果 Pig-a基因突变试验,0.250～1.000 mg/kg.bw组RBCs突变率和RETs突变率均有升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。外周血微核试验,0.500～1.000 mg/kg.bw组RET微核率均有显著升高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;彗星试验,0.500～1.000mg/kg.bw组尾部DNA含量均有显著增加,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义。结论顺铂体内重复染毒具有引起DNA损...     

Residues of Pesticides in Honeybee (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Apis mellifera carnica</Emphasis>) Bee Bread and in Pollen Loads from Treated Apple Orchards

Honey bee (Apis mellifera carnica) colonies were placed in two apple orchards treated with the insecticides diazinon and thiacloprid and the fungicide difenoconazole in accordance with a Protection Treatment Plan in the spring of 2007. Pollen and bee bread were collected from combs inside the hives. The residue of diazinon in pollen loads 10 days after orchard treatment was 0.09 mg/kg, and the same amount of residue was found in bee bread 16 days after treatment. In pollen loads 6 days after application 0.03 mg/kg of thiacloprid residues and 0.01 mg/kg of difenoconazole were found on the first day after application. Possible sub-lethal effects on individual honey bees and brood are discussed.     

油菜花粉酶解肽抗辐射损伤的研究

目的研究油菜花粉酶解肽(CPRP)的抗辐射损伤作用,为开发安全低毒的抗辐射药物和提高花粉的其它效应提供理论依据。方法将昆明种小鼠随机分为正常对照组、辐射对照组、维生素C(VC)对照组、CPRP低、中、高剂量组。正常对照组与辐射对照组以生理盐水灌胃,VC组以100mg/kgbwVC水溶液灌胃,低、中、高剂量CPRP组分别以50、100、150mg/kgbw的CPRP溶液灌胃,1次/d,连续灌胃35d。在14d时进行4Gy60Co-γ射线一次性辐射。灌胃结束后杀死动物,检测小鼠外周血白细胞数、肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、骨髓细胞DNA含量和脏器指数。结果CPRP能在规定实验条件下阻止由辐射引起的小鼠外周血白细胞数下降,SOD活性增强,并使小鼠骨髓细胞DNA含量和胸腺脾脏指数升高。在三个剂量组中以高剂量组效果最好。结论CPRP具有良好的抗辐射作用。     

Variation of systolic blood pressure in rats exposed to cadmium and nickel

This research was intended to verify separate and combined effects of cadmium and nickel on blood pressure in rats. After cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) and nickel chloride (NiCl(2)) were administered individually and combined by intraperitoneal injection to rats daily for a week, systolic blood pressure of the tails were measured at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days after administration. Each substance was injected into rats with 0.1 mg/kg x bw and 1.0 mg/kg x bw concentrations. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group (only saline) were found at 1, 5, and 10 days. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) was injected, no statistically significant differences from the control group were found. After 0.1 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) and 0.1 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) were injected combined simultaneously, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1, 5, and 10 days, compared with the 0.1 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) group after 5 days and the 0.1 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) group after 5 and 10 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1, 5, 10, and 20 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) was injected, statistically significant differences from the control group were found at 1 and 5 days. After 1.0 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) and 1.0 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) were injected combined, statistically significant differences were found at 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30 days, compared with 1.0 mg/kg x bw CdCl(2) at 10, 20, and 30 days and 1.0 mg/kg x bw NiCl(2) at 5, 10, 20, and 30 days. It was found that the effect of CdCl(2) on blood pressure was much more than that of NiCl(2) and the combination of CdCl(2) and NiCl(2) in high concentration delayed recovery of blood pressure.     

Antifertility effect of aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula in female rats

Oral administration of aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula to mated female rats from day 1-5 of pregnancy at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight resulted in 57.14% and 71.43% prevention of pregnancy, respectively, whereas 100% pregnancy inhibition was noted at 500 mg/kg bw. In the uterine bioassay test carried out in immature bilaterally ovariectomized female rats, aqueous extract of seeds of Cassia fistula (100 mg/kg bw) increased the uterine wet weight (p<0.05) and luminal epithelial cell height (p<0.001) but did not induce premature opening of the vagina. This suggests a mild estrogenic activity of the extract. However, when the extract was administered conjointly with estradiol valerate (EDV, 0.1 mg/kg bw), it significantly (p<0.001) prevented the estrogen-induced uterotrophic effect, thus showing an antiestrogenic nature of the extract in the presence of a strong estrogen.     

The dioxin in chicken incident in Belgium in 1999: trouble or trifle?

Early 1999 dioxin-contaminated feedstuff was responsible for a poisoning at Belgian poultry farms resulting in seriously affected animals and products. Scarce data indicated levels of 500-1000 pg TEQ/g chicken fat, whereas 2-3 pg is normal. Consumption chicken weigh 1-1.5 kg and the average fat level is 15-20%. National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands evaluated the health risks with respect to long-term average consumption and incidental high consumption. The average annual consumption of chicken fat amounts to 1 g/day, resulting in an intake of 7-14 pg TEQ/kg bw/day, while incidental consumption of one half chicken led to an intake of 45-70 g fat, corresponding to 320-1000 pg TEQ/kg bw. The consumption exceeded the tolerable daily intake for dioxins (1-4 pg TEQ/kg bw/day) 2- to 14-fold and 80- to 1000-fold, respectively. Considering all available data RIVM concluded that negative health effects following long-term average consumption or incidental high consumption of contaminated chicken were unlikely to occur, but could not fully exclude minor subclinical effects.     

孕期母鼠接触三丁基氯化锡对子代雌性大鼠发育和性激素的影响

目的 通过对母鼠进行孕期染毒来检测三丁基氯化锡(TBTC)对子代雌性大鼠的发育毒性和性成熟后生殖系统的影响.方法 选择SPF级3月龄的健康成年Wistar大鼠,按雌:雄为2:1比例同笼配种.取妊娠大鼠16只,随机分为4组(1个对照组和3个处理组),于妊娠第12～20天,将对照、低、中、高剂量组分别按0、1.0、2.5、5.0mg/(kg·d)进行灌胃染毒.将出生后第70天的子代雌性大鼠称重后断头处死,称量肝脏、肾脏、子宫、卵巢的重量,计算脏器系数并做病理切片.采用放射免疫法测量血清中促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的含量.结果 高、中剂量组体重的增长速度低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高、中剂量组肾脏重量分别低于对照组,高剂量组卵巢重量低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).且肝脏、肾脏重量随着染毒剂量的升高而降低.各剂量组肝脏、肾脏、子宫、卵巢的脏器系数间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).高剂量组FSH、E2水平均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).各剂量组血清中均未检测出T.各剂量组肝脏、肾脏、子宫、卵巢的组织切片均未见明显的病理学改变.结论 孕期母鼠接触TBTC,可抑制子代雌性大鼠的生长发育,并可引起FSH及E2水平的升高.     

Toxicity Investigations of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate Glycerides In Vitro and in Male and Female Rats

TCN006, a formulation of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate glycerides, is a promising ingredient for enhancing ketone intake of humans. Ketones have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. To be used by humans, TCN006 must be determined safe in appropriately designed safety studies. The results of a bacterial reverse mutation assay, an in vitro mammalian micronucleus study, and 14-and 90-day repeat dose toxicity studies in rats are reported herein. In the 14- and 90-day studies, male and female Wistar rats had free access to drinking water containing 0, 75,000, 125,000 or 200,000 ppm TCN006 for 92 and 93 days, respectively. TCN006 tested negative for genotoxicity and the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) for toxicity in the 14- and 90-day studies was 200,000 ppm, the highest dose administered. In the longer term study, the mean overall daily intake of TCN006 in the 200,000 ppm groups was 14,027.9 mg/kg bw/day for males and 20,507.0 mg/kg bw/day for females. At this concentration, palatability of water was likely affected, which led to a decrease in water consumption in both males and females compared to respective controls. This had no effect on the health of the animals. Although the rats were administered very high levels of (R)-3-Hydroxybutyrate glycerides, there were no signs of ketoacidosis.     

重复经口暴露氧化铁纳米颗粒在大鼠体内的分布和排泄

目的 探究氧化铁纳米颗粒经口暴露后,在大鼠体内的分布和排泄情况,为评估其安全性提供实验依据。方法 将64只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为溶剂对照组、低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组,分别灌胃等体积溶剂、50 mg/kg bw、100 mg/kg bw、200 mg/kg bw的氧化铁纳米颗粒悬浊液。灌胃后1、7、14、28天分批处死,检测大鼠的血液指标、生化指标、脏器重量和组织病理,以及血清、组织、尿液和粪便铁含量。结果 与对照组相比,灌胃1天后高剂量组大鼠肝脏脏器系数减小(P<0.05),连续灌胃14天后高剂量组大鼠肾脏脏器系数增大(P<0.05);连续灌胃14天后,中、高剂量组血清铁含量均增加(P<0.05);连续灌胃28天后,中剂量组脑组织和脾脏内铁含量增加(P<0.05);连续灌胃7、14、28天后,剂量组大鼠尿液中铁含量均增加(P<0.05),粪便中铁含量略有增加,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);组织病理学检查未见上述组织出现明显病理损害。结论 氧化铁纳米颗粒经口暴露后,主要分布于大鼠血清、脾和脑,代谢后主要经尿液排出,少部分经粪便排出。     

Mercury exposure in two coastal communities of the Bay of Fundy, Canada

There is a rising global concern with regard to mercury (Hg) exposure among coastal populations. Two communities on the Bay of Fundy (New Brunswick, Canada) were assessed by hair monitoring and dietary methods. Average concentration of total Hg in hair was 0.70+/-0.55 mg/kg (N=91) at Grand Manan and 0.42+/-0.15 mg/kg (N=52) at St. Andrews/St. Stephen. Average daily consumption of fresh fish and shellfish was 50+/-40 g/day for Grand Manan and 19+/-19 g/day for St. Andrews/St. Stephen. Average daily total Hg intake estimated from the food frequency and 24-h recall questionnaires was 0.05+/-0.04 microg Hg/kg bw/day at Grand Manan and 0.03+/-0.04 microg Hg/kg bw/day at St. Andrews/St. Stephen. A significant correlation (r=0.47, P=0.002) between Hg intake and hair was observed for Grand Manan. Low Hg intakes and body burden can be attributed to the low Hg levels found in the species commonly consumed: haddock, canned tuna, lobster, and pollock (all below 0.2 microg/g wet weight). The results showed that Hg exposure in these Canadian coastal communities is low; fish with higher levels of Hg (shark, tuna, swordfish, pickerel, and bass) are not consumed locally.     

Dietary intake of mercury by children and adults in Jinhu area of China

Dietary intakes of mercury by children and adults in Jinhu area of China were determined using a duplicate diet approach. A total of 176 duplicate diet portions were collected from 60 individuals in November and December of 2007. Mercury levels in duplicate samples were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The daily mercury intakes (median and range) from consumption days without fish or shellfish for children and adults were 0.13 (0.05-0.78) μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1) and 0.07 (0.04-0.18) μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1), respectively, which were significantly lower than those from consumption days with fish or shellfish for both children and adults whose daily intakes (median and range) were 0.16 (0.11-0.84) μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1) and 0.09 (0.05-0.46) μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1), respectively. The exposure level of children was significantly higher than that of adults. The 50th and 99th percentile of the usual mercury intake from all consumption days for children were 0.14 and 0.22 μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1) and for adults were 0.09 and 0.14 μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1), where the between-person variance in dietary mercury intake for children and adults were 0.038 and 0.036, respectively. Comparing with the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) divided into daily intake (PTDI) of 0.57 μg(kg(bw))(-1) day(-1), it is concluded that the average daily intakes and the usual intakes to mercury can be considered safe for both children and adults in Jinhu area by the duplicate diet study. But the maximum daily intakes for children exceeding the PTDI deserve a close attention.     

芦荟、西洋参和番泻叶联合作用对小鼠润肠通便的功能研究

目的 探究不同配伍剂量的库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉、番泻叶提取物与西洋参提取物联合使用对小鼠润肠通便的作用及机制。方法 雄性昆明种小鼠120只,按人体推荐量的10倍/20倍设置剂量组,随机分为空白组、模型组、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟20倍（267 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参20倍（85.34mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶10倍组（33.33 mg·kg.bw）、芦荟10倍（133 mg·kg.bw） + 西洋参10倍（42.67 mg·kg.bw） + 番泻叶20倍组（66.66 mg·kg.bw）。给药14 d,洛哌丁胺混悬液灌胃建立小鼠便秘模型,观察黑便情况、小肠墨汁推进率、GDNF、iNOS mRNA表达和蛋白表达。结果 与模型组相比,各剂量组墨汁推进率均明显增高（F = 6.628;P＜0.01）,各剂量组排便实验结果阳性。与模型组相比,芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组和芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF mRNA表达增高（F = 28.377,P＜0.05）,iNOS mRNA表达降低（F = 9.153;P＜0.05）。与模型组相比,空白组、芦荟10倍 + 西洋参10倍 + 番泻叶10倍组、芦荟20倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶20倍组GDNF蛋白相对含量比升高（F = 4.760;P＜0.05）;芦荟10倍 + 西洋参20倍 + 番泻叶10倍组iNOS蛋白相对含量比下降（F = 9.585;P＜0.05）。 结论 三种药物联合使用通便效果好,提示库拉索芦荟全叶冻干粉联合西洋参提取物和番泻叶提取物可通过增加GDNF表达、抑制NO产生,促进肠道蠕动。     

Promotion of endometriosis in mice by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans, and biphenyls.

Previous studies showed exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2,3,7,8-TCDD) enhances the development of endometriotic lesions. In this study we examined the effects of other polyhalogenated aromatic hydrocarbons on endometriotic proliferation. B6C3F1 female mice were treated via oral gavage a total of five times, with 3 weeks between each dosing, with 0, 1, 3, or 10 micrograms 2,3,7,8,-TCDD/kg body weight (bw); 3 or 30 mg 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153)/kg bw; 100, 300, or 1000 micrograms 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126)/kg bw; 10, 30, or 100 micrograms 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran (4-PeCDF)/kg bw; or 2 or 20 mg 1,3,6,8-TCDD/kg at 10 ml/kg bw. Endometriosis was surgically induced during the week of the second dosing. Three weeks following the final dose, the mice were euthanized and endometriotic lesions, whole body, liver, ovaries, uterine horn, and thymus were weighted, and lesion diameters were measured. Lesions, uterine horns, and ovaries were fixed for histopathology and livers were processed for measurement of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity. Both 2,3,7,8-TCDD (1 and 3 micrograms/kg bw) and 4-PeCDF (100 micrograms/kg bw) significantly enhanced the growth of endometrial lesions. No statistically significant increase in endometriotic lesion size was detected in animals treated with either PCB 126 or with the highest dose of 2,3,7,8-TCDD, possibly due to the effects of histologically observed ovarian toxicity. The nondioxin-like compounds, PCB 153 and 1,3,6,8-TCDD, produced no observable effects on endometriosis. Hepatic EROD activity was significantly induced by 2,3,7,8-TCDD, 4-PeCDF, and PCB 126, but not by PCB 153 or 1,3,6,8-TCDD. The results of this study provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that halogenated aromatic hydrocarbon-promoted endometriosis may be Ah receptor mediated.     

氯化锂致小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞功能抑制作用

目的 观察氯化锂(LiCl)对巨噬细胞功能抑制作用.方法 以0.4,0.6,1.2 mg/(kg·bw)LiCl连续给小鼠灌胃20 d后进行巨噬细胞吞噬功能、产生NO能力及产生H_2O_2等指标的检测.结果 各LiCl剂量组小鼠腹腔灌洗液细胞数减少,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义;巨噬细胞吞噬功能受到明显抑制,抑制率分别为27.7%,40.2%,43.8%,且呈现剂量一反应关系(P<0.05);巨噬细胞产生NO的能力也受到明显抑制,对照组为(54.21±12.55)μmol/L,其余各组分别为(42.36±14.22),(25.64±12.42),(37.82±13.48)μmol/L;巨噬细胞产生的O~(-2)在3种剂量下均出现明显抑制,呈现剂量-反应关系(P<0.05),巨噬细胞产生H_2O_2的能力仅在1.2 mg/kg剂量时出现明显抑制,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义,但H_2O_2的产生与LiCl剂量亦存在剂量-反应关系.结论 LiCl在0.4,0.6,1.2 mg/(kg·bw)剂量下对巨噬细胞吞噬功能,NO、O~(-2)、H_2O_2等生物分子的产生均有明显抑制作用,与LiCl可直接影响巨噬细胞的抗原递呈及非特异性防御功能有关.     

高含量大豆异黄酮对高脂大鼠的降血脂作用

目的研究高含量大豆异黄酮(soy isoflavones,SI)对高脂型大鼠体内血脂水平的影响.方法国内首次采用异黄酮含量为72.4%的大豆异黄酮作为受试物,按每公斤体重设30、90、270 mg 3个剂量组,同时设雌激素(己烯雌酚)对照组,与动脉粥样硬化(Atherosclerosis,AS)高脂模型组、正常饲料对照组,喂饲Wistar大鼠,经一段时间,采尾血测定其体内血脂水平.结果添加大豆异黄酮的饲料组大鼠血中甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C),apo B含量降低,HDL-C、apo A水平升高(P＜0.05),且成剂量效应关系.结论大豆异黄酮可通过影响大鼠体内血脂水平抵抗动脉粥样硬化的形成.     

Pharmacokinetics and Acute Lethality of Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) to Juvenile Mallard and Northern Bobwhite

Ten-day-old mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were fed perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) in their diet for 5 days. The birds were then observed for 3 days while being given uncontaminated feed, and half of the birds were sacrificed on Day 8 of the trial. The remaining birds were maintained for an additional two weeks prior to being euthanized on Day 22 of the trial. Birds were assessed for growth, rate of feed consumption, behavior, physical injury, mortality, and gross abnormalities. Liver weight and concentrations of PFOS in blood serum and liver were also assessed. Based on the average daily intake (ADI) of PFOS calculated over the 5-day exposure period, the LD₅₀ for juvenile mallards was determined to be 150 mg PFOS/kg body weight (bw)/day, equivalent to a total cumulative dose of 750 mg PFOS/kg bw calculated over a 5-day period. For juvenile quail, the LD₅₀ based on the ADI was 61 mg PFOS/kg bw/day, equivalent to a total cumulative dose of 305 mg PFOS/kg bw. Reductions in weight gain and body weight were observed in quail from the 141 mg PFOS/kg treatment, but these measures returned to control levels by Day 22. The no-mortality dietary treatments were 70.3 and 141 mg PFOS/kg feed for quail and mallards, respectively. Both mallards and quail accumulated PFOS in blood serum and liver in a dose-dependent manner. The half-lives of PFOS in mallard blood serum and liver were estimated to be 6.86 and 17.5 days, respectively. In quail, the half-life of PFOS in liver was estimated to be 12.8 days, while the half-life of PFOS in quail blood serum could not be estimated. Concentrations of PFOS in juvenile mallard and quail liver associated with mortality are at least 50-fold greater than the single maximum PFOS concentration that has been measured in livers of avian wildlife.     

氟乙酰胺对大鼠心肌细胞的影响及乙酰胺解毒效果观察

目的　观察氟乙酰胺对大鼠心肌细胞的影响及乙酰胺解毒效果。方法　将 4组SD大鼠分别给予不同剂量的氟乙酰胺 (经口灌胃 ) ,其中 2组给予治疗剂量的乙酰胺 (腹腔注射 )。观察各组中毒后不同阶段心肌细胞和心肌酶 [天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、磷酸肌酸激酶(CK)、磷酸肌酸激酶同功酶 (CK MB)、α 羟丁酸脱氢酶 (HBDH) ]的变化。结果　氟乙酰胺高剂量组 (8mg/kg)染毒后 2 4h ,AST、CK、HBDH升高 ,分别为 (5 89.5 8± 82 1.72 )、(916 .78± 343.5 5 )、(5 0 4 .4 7±14 8.88)U/L ,与对照组 [分别为 (187.70± 4 6 .87)、(75 5 .6 5± 4 98.90 )、(347.2 5± 2 2 8.4 0 )U/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1) ;心肌细胞变性、溶解坏死和炎症细胞浸润 ,雄性大鼠 3d内全部死亡。染毒后 5d ,氟乙酰胺低剂量组 (4mg/kg)的LDH[(14 86 .5 8± 6 2 9.80 )U/L]、HBDH[(5 14 .83± 2 0 1.78)U/L]明显升高 ,与对照组 [分别为 (84 1.17± 2 18.86 )、(337.2 5± 6 2 .0 7)U/L]比较 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。染毒后 10d各实验组心肌酶的差异无显著性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;病理检查仍可见一定程度的间质纤维细胞增生。给予乙酰胺 (10 0mg/kg)后可减轻病理改变的程度。结论　急性氟乙酰胺中毒可引起心肌细胞可逆