内镜下气囊扩张术治疗食管贲门失弛缓症临床疗效观察

目的 探讨内镜下气囊扩张术治疗食管贲门失弛缓症近期和远期临床疗效。方法 选择贲门失弛缓症病人12例为研究对象，进行气囊扩张。术后1周内行X线钡餐检查，术后半年内每月随访1次，以后每3个月随访检查1次。结果 所有病人在术后吞咽困难症状均有明显缓解。随访结果表明，在3、6、12个月随访期内，症状缓解率依次为91．7％(11／12)，90％(9／10)、83．3％(56)。随着术后时间延长，症状缓解率呈逐渐下降的趋势。本组病人扩张术后虽然有局部粘膜撕裂、渗血等并发症，皆可自行缓解，未发生上消化道大出血、食管穿孔等严重并发症。结论 内镜下气囊扩张治疗食管贲门失弛缓症具有较好的疗效，且操作较简单，损伤小，恢复快，比较安全。     

内镜引导下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的研究

本旨在评价内镜引导下气囊扩张对贲门失弛缓症的治疗价值。64例贲门失弛缓症病人接受气囊扩张治疗。扩张治疗前26人(40.6%)不能进某些固体食物，38人(59．3%)只能进半流质，1人(0．01％)只能进流质。每周气囊扩张食管下段及贲门部一次，4次为一疗程。第一次气囊扩张治疗后，54人(84．4%)吞咽田难症状消失，第二次气囊扩后64人(100%)吞咽困难症状消失。本研究表明，内镜引导下气囊扩张法是治疗贲门失弛缓症的一种有效方法。     

经内镜气囊扩张治疗32例贲门失弛缓症的术后护理

目的探讨内镜下气囊扩张治疗失贲门弛缓症的术后护理进展。方法对32例贲门失弛缓症病人行术前、术中,特别是术后精心护理。结果 32例患者应用气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症1～3次后成功率100%,无术后护理并发症发生。结论内镜下气囊扩张治疗失弛缓症方法安全有效,为患者延长寿命,术后正确的饮食指导,休息及严密观察并发症是治疗获得成功的关键。     

内镜引导下气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的研究

本文旨在评价内镜引导下气囊扩张对贲门失弛缓症的治疗价值。64例贲门失弛缓症病人接受气囊扩张治疗。扩张治疗前26人(40.6％)不能进某些固体食物,38人(59.3％)只能进半流质,1人(0.01％)只能进流质者。每周气囊扩张食管下段及贲门部一次,4次为一疗程。第一次气囊扩张治疗后,54人(84.4％)吞咽困难症状消失,第二次气囊扩后64人(100％)吞咽困难症状消失。本研究表明,内镜引导下气囊扩张法是治疗贲门失弛缓症的一种有效方法。     

食管测压在评估气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效中的作用

背景：贲门失弛缓症是原发性食管运动功能障碍性疾病，气囊扩张术是目前治疗本病的主要方法之一。目的：探讨食管压力测定在评估气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症疗效中的作用。方法：予21例贲门失弛缓症患者内镜下气囊扩张术，治疗前后行食管压力检测，分析食管下括约肌（LES）和食管体部各参数的变化。结果：扩张后，21例患者的吞咽困难和反流症状消失。与扩张前相比，扩张后LES长度无显著差异，LES静息压和LES残余压显著降低（P〈0．01），LES松弛率显著升高（P〈0．05）。扩张后食管体部同步收缩波和吞咽蠕动波消失的发生率较扩张前无显著差异，继发性收缩波和食管体部静息压高于胃内静息压的发生率较扩张前显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论：气囊扩张术能显著提高LES松弛率，降低LES静息压、LES残余压、食管体部静息压和继发性蠕动波的发生率，迅速缓解患者症状。食管压力测定对评估气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效具有重要意义。     

胃镜下贲门失弛缓症气囊扩张术21例临床分析

目的 评价贲门失弛缓症在胃镜下气囊扩张术的临床疗效及可能出现的并发症。方法 对21例贲门失弛缓症患者术前行X线食道吞钡，常规胃镜检查，并都确诊为功能性贲门失弛缓症。术前流质饮食1天，禁食12小时以上，给予适量的镇静剂(安定针)、咽部麻醉。由胃镜活检孔插入导丝，退出胃镜，沿导丝将涂有甘油的球囊。(为低顺应性聚乙烯囊)，送入过贲门口处于气囊的中央部。由助手向囊内注气，使囊内压逐渐达到10—15psi，维持1—2分钟，间隔2—3分钟后再扩张，共2—3次；退出胃镜和球囊，再插入胃镜观察扩张出血情况及有无穿孔。并与外科肌切开术作比较，从而得出何者更具优点。结果 21例患者中，其中一例因球囊直径选择过小(14mm)而疗效欠佳行第2次扩张后临床症状消失外，其余5例一次既近期临床症状均消失。所有病例术中轻度恶心和胸痛，术后第1—2天轻度胸痛外，余无不适，术中及术后无并发症发生。扩张治疗与外科肌切开术均是有效缓解贲门失弛缓症症状的主要方法，但外科肌切开术组织创伤大，病人痛苦重，经费开支大，术后胃食管反流等不足之处。结论 贲门失弛缓症胃镜下气囊扩张术优于外科肌切开术。     

内镜引导下气囊加压法治疗贲门失弛缓症——长期追踪38例疗效观察

使用特制气囊行气体加压扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症已日趋广泛应用,并取得了良好疗效。我们通过内镜直视下食管下段扩约肌气囊扩张术治疗了38例症状性贲门失弛缓症患者,勿需X线透视。使用改良Gruntizig型气囊(微孔30mm)在贲门部加压扩张成功地治疗了38例晚期失弛缓症。其中男性11例,女性27例,年龄13～52岁。每例患者扩张3～5次。38例共行137次扩张。平均每例3.6次。充气压15～     

气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症

气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症张泰昌沙忠芬张丽萍贲门失弛缓症为食管运动功能障碍性疾病，症状顽固，一般保守治疗多难以奏效。我院应用气囊扩张疗法对其进行治疗，取得显著疗效，现报道如下。１．一般资料：１９９０年１１月～１９９５年３月收治的贲门失弛缓症５７例，全部...     

贲门失弛缓症贲门扩张前后食管测压变化

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管神经肌肉病变,以下食管括约肌(LES)松弛障碍、食管体部缺乏蠕动性收缩为特点的动力障碍性疾病。扩张疗法是主要治疗方法,从2 0 0 0年7月始,我们对1 0例贲门失弛缓症患者的扩张治疗效果进行了食管测压研究。一、资料和方法1 .对象:确诊为贲门失弛缓症的住院患者1 0例,其中男5例,女5例,年龄1 9～5 7岁;病程3～1 2 0个月,平均(39 8±37 5 )个月。2 .治疗方法:采用探条扩张法或气囊扩张法。扩张器分别为Wilson Cook公司的Savary探条和专用贲门失弛缓症扩张气囊。3.食管动力检查:扩张前1d及扩张结束后2d行食管测…     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症的价值

贲门失弛缓症是一种病因不明的食管动力学功能障碍性疾病,表现为食管下括约肌的静息压明显高于正常,吞咽时不能充分松弛,严重影响食管排空,目前治疗尚无理想的方案,主要以外科手术及内镜下扩张为主,本文旨在探讨内镜下气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的价值。 一、对象：选择１９９７年８月～１９９９年１２月我院消化专家门诊诊断,并经胃镜钡餐及食管测压,证实贲门失弛缓症３９例,男２４例,女１５例。男女之比１．６：ｌ,年龄１８～７０岁,平均４０．０５±１０．ｌ岁,随机分组。内镜组２０例行内镜下气囊扩张术,外科组１９例行…     

贲门失弛缓症内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张术疗效比较的系统评价

目的 系统评价内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张治疗贲门失弛缓症的有效性和安全性.方法 应用国际Cochrane协作网系统评价方法进行评价.结果 共纳人12个试验包括559例患者.Meta分析显示:(1)短期总有效率内镜下气囊扩张治疗优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(83.21%比71.27%,P<0.01).(2)长期总有效率内镜下气囊扩张治疗优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(54.59%比27.60%,P<0.01).(3)临床复发率内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗高于内镜下气囊扩张治疗(55.66%比18.84%,P<0.01).(4)副作用及并发症发生率内镜下气囊扩张治疗高于内镜下注射肉毒毒素治疗(13.01%比1.35%,P<0.01).结论 目前的证据表明:内镜下注射肉毒毒素与气囊扩张均有较好的短期疗效和安全性,内镜下气囊扩张治疗在长期疗效上更优于内镜下注射肉毒毒素.     

Assessment of dilation methods in achalasia: large diameter mercury bougienage followed by pneumatic dilation as needed

In a retrospective study, 33 achalasia patients were treated with dilation therapy using large diameter mercury bougienage (mean, 56 French) and/or pneumatic balloon dilation. Mean follow-up time was 35 months. Mercury bougienage, performed in 20 patients, was successful in 10 (50%) with no complications. Pneumatic dilation was performed as initial therapy or in those having failed previous pharmacologic therapy and/or bougienage. A successful response was achieved in 19 of 23 patients (83%), with a 3.2% complication rate. In addition, in four patients with eventual recurrence of symptoms after initial pneumatic dilation, bougienage was used as a successful alternative to repeat pneumatic treatment. The combined efficacy of both forms of dilation was 88% with a complication rate of 1.4%. These data indicate that mercury bougienage should be considered initial therapy for achalasia in view of its simplicity, safety, and acceptable efficacy, followed by pneumatic dilation if bougienage is unsuccessful. Bougienage also may be considered if eventual recurrent symptoms develop after initially successful pneumatic dilation. Surgery should be utilized only if dilation therapy fails to achieve a satisfactory response.     

Pneumatic balloon dilatation in primary achalasia: the long-term follow-up results

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pneumatic dilatation is a safe and most effective treatment for achalasia. We analyzed the long-term results of pneumatic dilatation in primary achalasia by objective and subjective findings. METHODOLOGY: Pneumatic dilatation was performed in patients that were diagnosed with primary achalasia in our manometry laboratory between 1993-1999 years. We evaluated patients with clinical, radiologic, endoscopic and manometric results before treatment. Mean esophageal diameters on the level of the lower esophageal sphincter and middle esophagus were measured by barium esophagograms. The patients were clinically reevaluated after one week and barium esophagograms were repeated one month later after dilatation. Clinical examination, endoscopy and manometry were done at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months and repeated yearly for follow-up period. A statistical comparison of pre- and posttreatment on the frequency of dysphagia, radiological diameter of the esophagus and manometric data was performed using unpaired t tests and chi2 tests. RESULTS: Pneumatic dilatation was performed on 50 adult patients with a mean age 41.42+/-18.07 years. A single dilatation was successful in forty patients (80%) and two to three dilatations were performed in ten (20%) patients. The median number of dilatations was 1.26. In the postdilatation period, mean short-term (< 1 year) and long-term (2-7 years) clinical improvement was 82.8% and 66.85% respectively. The mean diameter of the esophagus was regressed to 26.51+/-7.69 mm from 36.66+/-11.23 mm (p<0.001) and the mean diameter of the lower esophageal sphincter was increased to 8.38+/-3.12 mm from 2.58+/-1.13 mm (p<0.001) with pneumatic dilatation. The mean pretreatment pressure of lower esophageal sphincter was 41.14+/-11.34 mmHg and these values were 18.79+/-7.85 mmHg (p<0.001), 13.18+/-9.53 mmHg (p<0.001) in the 1st, and 5th years of the posttreatment period, respectively. The mean pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter was 31.78+/-8.91 mmHg in nonresponder patients during the posttreatment period; there was no significant difference prior to pneumatic dilatation (p>0.1). Surgical operation was performed on 5 patients (10%), who had no benefit from pneumatic dilatation. CONCLUSIONS: Pneumatic dilatation is an effective procedure in the treatment of primary achalasia during the short- and long-term period. Treatment evaluation can possibly be made objectively with radiographic and manometric alterations of esophagus that occurred after pneumatic dilatation.     

Factors determining successful outcome following pneumatic balloon dilation in achalasia cardia.

BACKGROUND: Pneumatic balloon dilation is a popular method of treating patients with achalasia cardia. It may be useful to know the factors that predict response to this treatment. AIM: To determine predictors of outcome following pneumatic balloon dilation in patients with achalasia cardia. METHODS: Records of 62 patients who had undergone pneumatic dilation using Rigiflex balloon dilators (Boston Scientific, Boston, MA, USA) were reviewed. Follow-up data were available for 52 patients. Data from patients with and without improvement in symptoms were compared. RESULTS: Of the 52 patients (age mean 44 [range 11-68] years; 27 male; median symptom duration 20 [4-90] months], 42 (81%) patients had response in symptoms after balloon dilatation. On univariate analysis, the responders more often had age> 40 years (26/42 [62%] versus 1/10 [10%], p=0.003), and less often had lower esophageal sphincter pressure> 50 mmHg (8/10 [80%] versus 10/42 [24%], p=0.0007) and mid-esophageal body hypocontraction (7/10 [70%] versus 12/24 [29%] p=0.01) than the non-responders. On multivariate analysis only age 相似文献   

Pneumatic Dilation for Achalasia without Fluoroscopic Guidance: Safety and Efficacy

Objectives: To describe the technique of pneumatic dilation for achalasia without fluoroscopic guidance and to assess its safety and efficacy. Methods: Twenty-seven consecutive patients who underwent pneumatic dilation with the Rigiflex achalasia balloon under direct endoscopic visnalization were reviewed. The balloon was passed into the stomach over a guidewire, withdrawn across the gastroesophageal junction, and dilated with the endoscope positioned proximally. Patients wore graded pre- and posttreatment on the frequency of dysphagia, daytime regurgitation, nighttime symptoms, chest pain, and heartburn. Response was assessed by the Improvement in dysphagia frequency. Results: Twenty-seven patients (16 females, 11 males; mean age 54.0 yr) underwent 30 pneumatic dilations. The 30-mm balloon was used in most cases (67%). The mean postdilation follow-up was 21.1 months (1.5–57.4 months). The range of inflation pressures was 8–18 psi (median 15 psi), and the duration of inflation was 30–120 s (median 90 s). Eighteen of 27 patients (67%) had excellent or good results, six (22%) had fair results, and three (11%) had poor results. The outcome of pneumatic dilation was successful in 78% of patients after a single dilation and in 89% of patients overall. There were no perforations related to balloon inflation. Conclusions: The Rigiflex balloon can be successfully positioned across the gastroesophageal junction and dilated under direct endoscopic observation. Pneumatic dilation for achalasia can therefore be performed simply, safely, and effectively without the use of fluoroscopy.     

Botulinum toxin injections for achalasia symptoms can approximate the short term efficacy of a single pneumatic dilation: a survival analysis approach

OBJECTIVE: Botulinum toxin injection can induce a temporary symptomatic remission in some patients with achalasia, but the comparative utility of the approach is not fully known. This study used survival analysis methods to better understand the ability of single or repeated botulinum toxin injections to postpone the need for other treatments. METHODS: The response to botulinum toxin in 42 patients with idiopathic achalasia who had not received prior treatment was compared with the outcome in 26 consecutive patients who underwent initial treatment with pneumatic dilation. Survival analysis methods were employed using time to retreatment as the principal outcome measure. RESULTS: Retreatment (any type) was required in 50% of subjects at 265 days (0.73 yr) after the first botulinum toxin injection. In contrast, retreatment after initial pneumatic dilation was required in <40% of patients after 2 and 5 yr of follow-up. The curves became significantly separated (p < 0.05) within 1 yr after initial treatment. Of those treated solely with botulinum toxin injections, repeated as needed, only 46% required pneumatic dilation or surgery by 2 yr. Survival analysis curves for repeated injections and initial pneumatic dilation did not differ statistically at 1 or 2 yr (p = 0.5 and p = 0.4, respectively). Correlational analyses indicated that, of the clinical parameters tested, only the degree of dysphagia for liquids was useful in selecting the better responders to botulinum toxin injections, with lesser symptoms predicting longer time to retreatment. CONCLUSIONS: Botulinum toxin injections, repeated as needed, can approximate the benefits of a single pneumatic dilation for < or = 2 yr from the standpoint of usual factors that drive further management.     

Pneumatic dilation in achalasia.

Pneumatic dilation is the most common first-line therapy for the treatment of achalasia. The aim of dilation is a controlled disruption of circular muscle fibres of the lower esophageal sphincter to reduce the functional obstruction. Several types of dilators and different dilation techniques are used, but the achieved results are similar. The mean success rate is about 80% in the short term, but some patients need redilation in the further course (particularly young patients). Best long term results are obtained if the lower esophageal sphincter pressure can be reduced below 10 mmHg. Major complications are rare after pneumatic dilation; the most serious complication is esophageal perforation, which occurs at a mean rate of about 2.5%. Considering the pros and cons of other effective forms of treatment of achalasia (esophagomyotomy and intrasphincteric injection of botulinum toxin), pneumatic dilation is still the treatment of choice in the majority of patients with achalasia.     

Treatment of Achalasia: The Best of Both Worlds

Objective: To conduct a retrospective analysis of one center's experience with treating achalasia over 4 yr with skilled gastroenterologists using primarily the Rigiflex halloon dilator and with a senior surgeon performing Heller myotomies. Methods: Newly diagnosed cases of achalasia were identified hy a computer search of hospital records. Charts were reviewed for the presence/ severity of dysphagia, regurgitation, heartburn, and chest pain. Weight loss was also recorded. Esophageal manometries and barium swallows were reviewed. Choice of treatment was made freely by patients. With an a priori definition of success, follow-up was conducted by telephone interviews. Results: A total of 45 achalasia patients (mean age, 46 yr; 32 females, 13 males) were identified with a symptoms-frequency as follows: dysphagia, 100%; regurgitation, 78%; heartburn, 50%; and chest pain, 42%. Mean weight loss was 17.5 pounds. Primary treatment was pneumatic dilation in 36 patients and surgery in nine patients. In a total of 45 pneumatic dilations, three (6.6%) were complicated by perforation. Five (14%) patients required repeat dilation. Mean duration of follow-up for pneumatic dilation and surgery was 27 months and 20.8 months, respectively. The overall excellent-good success rates were: pneumatic dilation 88% and surgery 89%. In comparing the efficacy of pneumatic dilation versus surgery, all symptoms were improved significantly ( p < 0.01) in both groups, except heartburn, which increased postmyotomy. Conclusions: If both procedures are available by skilled operators, pneumatic dilation and surgery are equally effective in the treatment of achalasia.     

Long-term results of pneumatic dilation for achalasia： A 15 years＇ experience

锘緼IM: Although most patients with achalasia respond to pneumatic dilation, one-third experienced recurrence, and prolonged follow-up studies on parameters associated with various outcomes are scanty. In this retrospective study, we reported a 15-years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with primary achalasia, and determined whether previously described predictors of outcome remain significant after endoscopic dilation. METHODS: Between September 1989 and September 2004, 39 consecutive patients with primary symptomatic achalasia (diagnosed by clinical presentation, esophagoscopy, barium esophagogram, and manometry) who received balloon dilation were followed up at regular intervals in person or by phone interview. Remission was assessed by a structured interview and a previous symptoms score. The median dysphagia-free duration was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Symptoms were dysphagia (n=39, 100%), regurgitation(n=23, 58.7%), chest pain (n=4, 10.2%), and weight loss (n=26, 66.6%). A total of 74 dilations were performed in 39 patients; 13 patients (28%) underwent a single dilation, 17 patients (48.7%) required a second procedure within a median of 26.7 mo (range 5-97 mo), and 9 patients (23.3%) underwent a third procedure within a median of 47.8 mo (range 37-120 mo). Post-dilation lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, assessed in 35 patients, has decreased from a baseline of 35.8卤10.4-10.0卤7.1 mmHg after the procedure. The median follow-up period was 9.3 years (range 0.5-15 years). The dysphagiafree duration by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 78%, 61% and 58.3% after 5, 10 and 15 years respectively. CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment for primary achalasia. Post-dilation LES pressure estimation may be useful in assessing response.     

Timed barium oesophagram: better predictor of long term success after pneumatic dilation in achalasia than symptom assessment

BACKGROUND: Symptom relief post pneumatic dilation is traditionally used to assess treatment success in achalasia patients. Recently, we showed that symptom relief and objective oesophageal emptying are concordant in about 70% of patients, while up to 30% of achalasia patients report near complete symptom relief despite poor oesophageal emptying of barium. AIMS: We now report the results of long term clinical follow up in these two groups of achalasia patients, assessing differences in symptomatic remission rates. METHODS: Achalasia patients undergoing pneumatic dilation since 1995 were evaluated both symptomatically and objectively at regular intervals. Pre and post dilation symptoms were recorded. Barium column height was measured five minutes after ingesting a fixed volume of barium per patient to assess oesophageal emptying. Patients who initially reported near complete symptom relief were divided into two groups based on objective findings on barium study: (1) complete oesophageal emptying (concordant group), and (2) poor oesophageal emptying (discordant group). Patients were followed prospectively for symptom recurrence. RESULTS: Thirty four patients with complete symptom relief post pneumatic dilation were identified. In 22/34 (65%) patients, the degree of symptom and barium height improvements was similar (concordant group). In 10/34 (30%) patients, there was < 50% improvement in barium height (discordant group). Significantly (p<0.001) more discordant (9/10; 90%) than concordant (2/22; 9%) patients failed therapy at the one year follow up. Seventeen of 22 (77%) concordant patients were still in remission while all discordant patients had failed therapy by six years of follow up. Length of time in symptom remission (mean (SEM)) post pneumatic dilation was significantly (p=0.001) less for the discordant group (18.0 (3.6) months) compared with the concordant group (59.0 (4.8) months). CONCLUSIONS: (1) Poor oesophageal emptying is present in nearly 30% of achalasia patients reporting complete symptom relief post pneumatic dilation. (2) The majority (90%) of these patients will fail within one year of treatment. (3) Timed barium oesophagram is an important tool in the objective evaluation of achalasia patients post pneumatic dilation.